07.CJBM 7de9

Arquitectura militar y aspectos constructivos
de las fortalezas bajomedievales.

Origen, función, contexto y evolución de las
fortalezas de Altamira, Vimianzo y Cira
Carlos J. Galbán Malagón
ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió
d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual
únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb
finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del
seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació
de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora.
ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La
difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de
propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se
autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio
TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de
derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de
la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora.
WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the
TDX (www.tdx.cat) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed
in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and
availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is
not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using
or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author.

!"#"
!$!"
%
&#"'&
'(&" "!)'&
#
$&
*'"$#+&
,-'#!#)$#&.
'!/#(0
* (!1(0
'("#2"'
%
#)'$ !1(
#
$&
*'"$#+&
#
$"!0
)!!(+'
%
!

$'&
-.
/$,3(
$/1(

!"

! "
#
$

% &
'#
() * *

*
!
&*" * +

,

,
- . % %

*

#/
0/

' # 1 2 (

, * #3 %
4 &
) ' )
+
#
$ %
*

&

#

. 6 7 . . 6 3
889
2+0:;;<8=#89>:9<<?#85@:=
$ #A<B<#9BBC$#5A8B#9BBD#

$
8<==9
#(5E 36 3$ !<E"
& 3 !9;;E" &

!8;5"# . 3

F # @ & )

#
-

#6 ,
)
& )

#

G#;= . !) .#. "
-
36
&

) #

889
@% A889 8:;???#
5

!

3
! ("8895
&

%
% #
-

#(*
&

G#<?. .
!) F#C "

& &
#-
* & &

) #3

&

!7"
& ) )
) 889=#6
#C
) & & '

'
'
& ) !."
#
$ ( 9<H#-
&
, #
-' )
#- &

&

8895
- )

# (
#
889=
2 & , +1I(+JC2-6+#0#8=5:<?
K@ ) & '&

&
LC
&
,
& M#3 $N3-OG-II-1IJ(#8=<?2(7J(F(P#8=<9:9
3-1C(FJ C# 8=<=: 98< K
4 ,

% . %
M#
=
%

% # - % %
Q )
) #-

%88?#C

R
#

G#<8. #C 7#

-
& *

4 %
*

#
$ '
'
% #6

* #-

! & % '"
& 4 &
#-

888

'
%

#

88?
- S0T#@

S(T
( #
888
- #! #":
! #"! #"#7 #
;?

G#<3 ( , #

- ) )
% &# @

' #
$ ) ' )
&
! , "# -
, # C & & !
% * "#I%
# (

#

"

#$

3 '

#
- * )

# 6 &

G#<9. !3-1C(FJC#8=<="

!7 ." R
) (# 3 +# 0# + '
7 '# 3

(
) 7 ! &
" #$.%

(#()
;8
7 .

#
6 &
)
#- ) &
)

#

G#<I
. ! 1

11%111"#F#C #

C & (
'

&
)
4 ' )

* % )
& &

88#
- && )
,

*
)

#- )

*
)

* # F (
G# <; 6 .
)

#
G ) ' ) &
' !
' "#

88
()

) +1I(+JC2-6+#0#8=5:<9#2
#
;
%&

$ '

3 . )
' #
- *

#6 U )
&& &
& ) 4 %
7 6* K . # V & )
7 L
& & ) M889#(
) & U )
#
(
#$
2 U ) K M88#
C

* , # () 89
'
K3II % W
I X
WM88;# (

& %
*

( K
, ) W &W
M88<#

.

%
#$ ( 6*&UK

889
G($Y--#!#"8==:9<;#
88
-
G($Y--#!#"8==:<#$'
#(
#
88;
(@F6GU P 88 9A#<;<<4. * A #;5
#6
* & #6 ,
#
.-CFNC+#???:8#C )
& % #
88<
(3JC2-/#8=5<:85#.

) )
* '
)
#
;9
O M
88#() + ) Z
+ )
)
I 6*&
& # C &
6*& U ,
01/ 1
) , )

885#
( ?

+) . # . +

) &
+ & $ 3 # (
6 & [B

)
#()
8; I$ $3 +
& )
K
LW
W &

L L
M88=#$ + %
& %K
+')
X M88;?#
3 & .
+ & 0/ 0/1# -
& ) ) &

0/ #
$ &

!
&
$ 3 & "4

88
2
% #UZCF(I(G# 8<<:
5?3(IFJU-/(I(-#??8:8=#
885
() 89= 3 /* 1 : K1 P& UW
X
\]
6 C
\]X W6 P& C
M (@F6 G U P 88 A # # J
' K- 3/ &%3/ >!" X M(@F6G
U . * A #5#
88=
(@F6GU P 88 9A#;8
;<
^#5<
=8
#
88;?
@

& % 8;5
(@F6GU . * A #;5
4 #9<
;
% .( .

K

M88;8#6' )
( 0/#
- 0/1 .
K (W 6 M

K . M

KP
6
G#<<F
( #
X M!#8;?8;88"88;#. )

#
- & )
8;8? ) K WW &
& M88;9# - &&
%
0/
+( +

&#( )
#
6 8;;< K &
W L ) *
W
'
L W &
&WM !8;" * *

88;8
(U6IU 6 85<8?#95IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"8=5:9?899;959;
5;;;<?#
88;
2 & 37,. U(I._(P#
3JI2-$( +#P# ??9: =9;# - =#<<=

$ 'I
&KW M

$ ! K 7

M 8<#5?EC-6#.
F*
8#99E6D6#-
$ " 7 ' #F
&& & . K B % M
U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:5?#3 (U-3+8 K
M#6 K M

#J$1/-I(.#???:;5#
88;9
(U6.* . . #9
A8?499A8?=#9
A8?5
;;
88;# $ ) )
, *

& ) &
0/1#
3 ,
0/
) 01/0/# $ *
. 0 7
*
% * % #$ )

!
"
0/1

* 4*) '
88;;#- )
%
)

+#G
(

.
,

&

) ' %
( #
$

#C
*
*
(#
F
* # $
0/1
K %O M#F&&
'
*
% 88;<# $

#6

88;
(@F6GU P 88 A7#;<(@6. + #;9#
88;;
$ ) 0/$N3-OG-II-1IJ(#8=<?:
9<#. )

( . #
88;<
3 K L O
L

O \] !"L'
M(@F6GU I 77 88 A(#95#
;<
%
0/110/111#6 &
% % & )
% #
6 0/111 *
, P 1 2 K
( 6

6 - . M 8=
& )
.
) K&
%M88;# - && & )
88;5#
3 & . %
) )

&
% #()

& ) #-) ' !7."
,
' !

) "
#
C 85;? 6 #
+ ) J
K !"

&
) , M88;=#1 )
%

) #

-

# C &
. . / 88<?# $

88;
(I.@/6 @% . % 8?'#;#9=?(U-3+8#
88;5
() &K- . . M(63(
. ( 97^8;?
88;=
- * % & )
@
& (63( . ( 9.^ #
+ ,85<;(63(. ( 9-^;8#5#
88<?
/##8##
;
)
. /
#
$

&
) 011#3

*
) *
. 3 #
C F U ) K/ . %
)
) 6 L 6
LF &
L
)

) M88<8#-
* *&
: )
) #F&&
0111&

* 88<#
- . %
) # $

01/ $
7 $ '

. *

+ & # ()
' % U
1

I. )
01/ ( 6, F 88<9#
F && U
88<
. #2
2U ) +)
& +

88<8
G($Y--#!#"8==:;=<?#
88<
$.(6+#8===:<<;#
88<9
/###9#(@6. + #899 9#
88<
3 % 01/ 2 6*& U .
6 # ( 0/ )
(, (- 7'+ J36 6 22/ / .#
GI(U( +# F# ???: 8<8<; UJCOZ$-O +# 8==<: 8?88# - (@F6 G U . * A
#=
U) + )K
X . G M#$ U& ) 6 U #9E
. #
;5
+

+# 6 .
)

) '

K UM

*
&88<;#
(
8<
'
G#</ . !)
$#I*"
I 6*&
)
. &
U %
3 88<<# 3 + Q .
( 7 I88< +
& $ G88<5#-&
$
6*&+#
6 ) .

* *

#-.

)
*#
.
% )
* *

88<;
( 0/1 U(I._( P# 3JI2-$( +# P# ??9: 55;
(63(. ( <(^<= <A85; + ,) K 2
U* . M(63(. ( ^5#
88<<
-6#$3 #=?E . (63(. ( 9(8^#8
U(I._( P# 3JI2-$( +# P# ??9: ;?? ;?# J U )
+IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"8==;:8;#63 UJCOZ$-O+#
8==<:?<!#"#
88<
3 $3 + #8<<3JI2-$(-#
??:8?9#
88<5
-8<? + $ (63(. ( 9(^=9!(7"7#8#
6 ++
#U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:<9
<<#
;=

# -
*

Q
%

#
(

7 ' 7 )

#
-
. % * & )
* 6 & ) 3
%. #$
) . K
3$ 6

X & M4
* K
&36 && %
7 I& 1 6 W . W M88<=#
- ,
'
.
$6*&( (
4 *
)

% *88?#
- # () .

& ) K

+ * . #>
(
** . M888#F&&
+ )
#3&

I& G
*
# 3 8;

+ K X
M88# 6

88<=
IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"8=5:85?<9?=959=;?;<?;?;#9?98599;=
9<?9<;;5#/#
6 (U6I
U 6 85?<#9#
88?
6 ) 9??#??? # /ZOY-O +# ???: =<=# 3

) 6 F +# -
( U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:98#6 &
#(@F6GU . * A #8?

88
#
888
(3JC2-/#8=5<:8=88=#
88
(U6IU 6 8;8;#99#
<?
) 3 6
889#
C %
. # (
( 88
. !8?8??E" 3 !5E " )
$' K & W 3 . M! 8?E" 6 ' !89;??E"88;#
+* ,)
7 ' % $K
( % &
&

%W %WM88<#
-
*
) ,
0/1 %
%
7 ' 2 88# () ' % .
*
+& * #()
(& ) 7 ! <9E"
+ . !
9<<<E"/ ! =9E"#

G#<5 . C #

C )

*#. ,

889
(U6IU 6 85#485?9#?9#
88
( ) 3 (@F6 G U 7
I + 8< #
#> 8;5 )
:. . $ F $ G'*YU(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:;?#
88;
(I.@/3 .
+ !#". % ;;'#8 9#9#6. $.(6+#8===:;?;#
3 & ) $ 3 + (@F6 G U
. * A #9=#
88<
- * *3 ) IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"8==;:8;
& (U6 I U 6 85? < #<5
#.
+

K . M$.(6+#8===:5;#
88
(63(. ( 8?(^8?;#
<8
0/ 885#(
+ &
# >
' ) )! "
K
M88=#> 3$ K% L
M885?#
-' )
0/1
)
!

% 8;??& )
K . & M"
. 6
8858# (
&
/& 885#
3 % ,
% ) # -
8= 8;;<
& )
. ) K & 3$ L
W '
& . ( %W M8859# ()
% $ K
. L 3M885#
F && & ) # 0/111
) *

885
6 #8;88;8; K
U7 & M 8;??#U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#
??9:5=8#
88=
()
K M K M K&
M#6
#U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:=
=#
885?
U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:5<5#
8858
U(I._( P# 3JI2-$( +# P# ??9: 88 5==8 5# C
% ( K W & L
3$ M(@63 6;;#8;
#
885
()8;9 % & ) K(
. %' \ ] &
L &(
W

' M & ) (@6. + #;9#
[ BBW B
8859
(@F6GU I 77 88 A(#;
;9#
885
@ ) * 7(63(. ( 9-^;8#
5
#
<
&
) #

( $

6) %
U
) ,

0/1#
C
.
' ! " !.
U"%) %

' ) # 3

% #C .

&

# -

) )
%)#F&&

) ,

.

%
C

) #
. % &
# -
)
*#3 ) 0/ 0/1
Q

) ) ,
6 .

#
-

$ 6*& +# F
<9
) # -
' & 0/1
*
) % #
$

# +

)
# (
) %

& )
. %

#

<
! )
!

/ 6 // . / (. 885;#
2+0:=;<#=8>:99?#@:=
$ #9A<BBBC$#=A8B#59BBD#

G#<=$ /

!

$
!8;#" %
#6&
& & #$

*
*
# $

, ' =;H#@

&
& % #- )
/

! 2 . / . J " &
)U

. #

G#?

885;
@% A<59 8:;???#
<;
!!

3 &

;5 & ,
#

+ +#
F
5?;H
!#85=H
'"# F
)
G#8./ ! 0C2(
F-U($1.1("
% &
& &
!

"
)
# (
&
%
& *

#F :

6(:3 885<
-
8==8

&

) ' (885# 6
(
#

885<
3 &
*

'
) ) & & '
#$

. (! &". 7!
G". .! , ) ". F!
F"6
*) ( 7#(

#
885
(
'

#()8=5 & K
% '

)!" M#1 8=5<
K M )
& ) K *M0UF0 3 .
6
( '# 58^??8 6(F(. ( F

#
!

" 89^5^8=5 0C2( F- U($1.1( U(^8;^?=^8;9 $-+( 0# +# +JOJ I# 8==5: 9<#
. K

*
M6(F(.
<<
$ ( 8
!#8#<?" %

'& #(8#?
( 8

&& #(
!7"
&

. G#/ '
8==8
! $#F 6(F(."
!(9"#-, 8

(Q

8;#;8?#; ' 8#5?#
@ !(;"?#5? 8#;
(<# V & !?#;;"
) & #1

% # $
GQ )
#2 & ( (9
& % % G#
G ) (58855

* & &
#

67:(#
-
% '
. U
&
#- '
! :+. $ "
G#9(7
%

## !
"# 3 ( K ' &

M6(F(.5=^8<^8#
8855
C *
'
& #
2 ) #
J #
<

&

#( &
& & & # ( % &
) # - ( &

% + .

#- . U#

6.:2
J * #6 ,
%
#
$ &
& *# $
'
# 6

%

%
&

#3 & G#/ . 7U#

& #( !
" % , %

% ,
!
% % , " '
&
# $ ,

* &
# $ & # 2 '
) & #

6F:2
-'

# $

&

) * #-
)
& * # - &

%

R # -
<5
&

&
885=# 1

*

#
1
&
) )
& ' !
U"# (

% #

6-:2
-'
G#;G
F#
%
) %
#3

% )

% !
U &
% "# (
% % %
&

) # -

)
#-
G#</ -
' &

885=
-

: 8 . ) &
! "4 6
&
& & 4 96
&
4 . )
&&
& 8

4 ;. ) ' (

*
*
'

#. ) & )
' * * #6& )

#
<=
! &
& * "#$ '

#
1 U ) &
G %
&
#$
) & &

& )
& 4'
* *!;
<"
#1
%
& & &
#

6G:2
-'

#
( '

&

&

G#/ G #( .
! " &
& -
# 6 &

#- * % &
#
- &
' % &
& & * &

4 &
%
)
&

& &

)
& #-
G#5( G

?
&

) * # - &
& %
! & " %

&
! "#
1
&
#
- %
& ! % "#3
&

& # - '
&
&

! & "
#-

& #
- # -

&
88=?#$
& (

%
'

# ()

#

6U:/

- $ 7 ('
F- #
- *

# 6 * ,
) #
- & !U8" &
#- &

#$ & & 7& &
& ' &
& # $ &

88=?
()& ) &
& & #( P#
(#2 #
8
) ' )
% #
- ) !U"& % & )
U8#- % ! -F"
)
' # - &

#- & &

* !`&
a"#@
% )
# $
U8
G#=/ -F
#
- - &

' #-
&

% !
-"
# ( & &
# G

)#-' & & & #
6 $& U9 #
$ * ) &
' % % ! ) "# @

U
&
& #(& &
&
-G#

G#5?/ U F & U9

6@:3
6

9 ) ?#<; &
#$ &
) ,
# 3

& #
- ??
'

F

G# 58 -
%

#

88=8#-

& #
- - &
% #

!"

#$

$

# 6
'

%
,

#
.

(

G#5-

(!) F#C "#
'

88=8
-'
%
* !K
M *
6'
"
&

)

#C ' # /#6(F(.?^8:88=?
&
6(F(.
5=^8<^8KI . / M#
9
'
#()

)

! #0110111 & * "
'& # - (8 (5
* (

, &
(<#6

# $ *

(8#
-
( (< ! (5
"# - &&

! " ; &
( 8#.& ) G
*
#
$ ,

.F-#
( '
# 2

# - )
) & U#C
!

" & %

88=#
. ( ; <
'
#3

% G
- .# $
(<
#
J )
' ! "

& '

7 '

88=
.#$-+(0#+#+JOJI#8==5:<#

#( -G *
& # C
)

& # 1 )
U , )*%
#
-

) #
@

*

#() &
) %88=9#F

&* &
'
: ' 7
#

!%&

$ '

3 # 0
')

#88=

/
)
2 # F && Q

K& %M 0111 G#59( % &
(! ) 3#
/ 3+ 88=; 6"#
) % )#()
6 & 1/ ) 2 P C,
$ 88=<#3

88=9
3% ) K M

) % K ) M6(F(.(
F
# $ * '
) #
88=
$.(6+#8==:555=88?#
88=;
/# + 6 UJCOZ$-O+#8==<:8=58==?#
88=<
6 K- &P C +
% : 6 - U . '
G X 2 U M 6ZC.@-O
/($$(FJ$1F G# ??;: 9# .
O 2 K 6
U M OI12( P# ??9: $# 1/ # .00 ?8 )
;
' *
% * # -
)

'
#
( K

/ 6 /
6 P&
. M88=#
)
/
I

88=5
#2 )

I& 7
G# 5 / *
&* #F !`+ a"#() F#U #

0111# 3 )
% ,
# 6
)
)

4

#( G ')
* (<

88==# G# 5; ( &*
! ) F#U "
$ '
&
%
0111 #I * '

7 % - +

% 6 )

/ & K

IM *
%
%6 @J>JP# 8<?:9;;+1C162-I1JF-.$2I(:(U6
.-IU$;;??.(IIV-#8=9<:<<<#
88=
(63(. ( 9(8^<#
88=5
UN+-O.#??5:9=#
88==
F %
& )

3#
<
+ 8??# () &
' # 1 '
&
&* : ` a
8?8# $ ) &*
&&
& '

)
#01/ )

(5#I
& & & '

8?#
( ) +
% 3 7 '#3
* I 6 &
8959 U (
) K
/ 2 6 MI0 + & )
. 89=5& & %P 6*&
8?9# ( ,

#
- *

& % # 3

8??
-
+# .
# () &
# ( %
#010111!7JC1$$((#.V6(I+#??;:96ZI-OP#
8=5=: 5=" & , ) ) # -
%

!, *
* " ' ! % "

# .V6(I +# 7JC1$$( (# ??9 &

# J
% , '
#2 ,
* *
!7"# @
& ' * *

'
J ) # 011101/
!C(/-1IJ P# $# ??: 8?;8?5" 3 . ! 3# 6
% " 1 )
!.V6(I+#7JC1$$((#??9:995I& G&
"
) !.V6(I+#7JC1$$((#??9:9="#I
??? P 11
& !`
a"4
P#(#2 #
8?8
@ +#U* P#/ #3 &

& &#
8?
F & *
&
' !
"
) #()& #!
#
#
"
* !
$"# 3 &
) !%&
" ,%

!"#( $#G#$
'
=8#
8?9
(63(. ( A#8#$ & ) 85#-U(I._(P#
3JI2-$(+#P#??9:=;?
!
"#$ 89=5 (@F6GU . * A KA9M##

0/ + +
G
8?#
-) / ) ,
*
+ # ()
P .

8?;#6

$6*&#C
& '
, G )
# 3
*
.F ) #
3 ) 0/
I6*&I7 >* ,
P . )#
3
* & I
2

&
/ & )

#888?<#
. G 11

%
#@

G 11
/ 8?# 1
/ ) 8?5#3
# ( & &
* ) +

*
( .
0 # (
(
)
/ #() 6 &6*&

+ K

8?
6 G%
$ '#
8?;
/#(@F6GU 7I + 5#5;4#54#8^8?
8?<
- (@F6GU . * A KA9M#
8?
(3JC2- /# 8=5<: 8<IJFI_U-O UJCOZ$-O (# !#" 8=5: <5 985 99 99= 9 9<< 95?
?;;=;;;<8;<5
8?5
IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"8=5:=9;;5;;#
5
&> 7 I % M
0 K (WM8?=#
- '
*
( * *
88?#6 *
/ #- &

IJ+888#$ )
)#$
* 0/1 K
7 WM88# $
.

*
.F#C

!

."#
6 , 0/1
!`Ua" %

( !'
"
& G
% 889#-
)
(
)
& !
"#1 &
%#$ ,
*
& )

8?=
(CFI(F- P# +# ??: 9 (3JC2- /# 8=5<: 8<= 5# - G (
KW 7 W ( M IJFI_U-O
UJCOZ$-O(#!#"8=5:=8?8;?=#. (3JC2-/#8=5<:859
KP + $

) M#
88?
K@
) & ) #> )
# J ) # L
& L #> &
)
W M(3JC2-/#8=5<:85855#
888
+
& $ 6*&
+# - P +
( . $6*&IJ )
C
7# $ / IJFI_U-O UJCOZ$-O (# !#"
8=5:855?
#(3JC2-/#8=5<:?=#
88
U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:9#
889
()$-+(0#+#+JOJI#8==5:;8; 8;=
&
K W
% L- L

LM6
' ) & #
=

. ( 88#
( 0/11

) K
M88;# -

# (
G# 5< / F
F & !6(F(."
)

-G U#F&& (
8<; & K
M ' K& M88<# ( 0/111

K P
M

88#
$ 85?I + C,
&885# $
+
#0/11
! F" &
& *
,
#F
, 010

88
(3F3G- 8G . 8988^#K&M
KM#68;= )
K
. .
* / M K %
7 L & M(3F3G- 8G . 8988^95#<#I
* & / .* & ) #
88;
6(F(. ?^8: 6(F(. KI .
/ M1@()#3 & (63(. ( &
#2 & 8<?9(.++
3 7 8A;5#9
88<
(3F3G- 8G . 8?=^8#=
#
88
(U-3+8#.% ) ,
0/111 ) * #/#
(3F3G- 8G . 8?=^<#
885
(.+ + 3 7 # A 9 #A 9 8b# $ &

!
#(.++ 3
7 #A9#A ;b"#
5?

U F

% )
(
88=#
-
, *
( % #
$ 010

& G#56 7!)
3#6"
# -
!
"

??
0/
8?# 3

& )

# 3 )
K M 0/11
010
) ) )
, ' #- 7#
$ ' 8=9<

% U .

# -
+ 8=<; # -
(
F 3
8=9 *

88#
. * & )
' # ( * *

88=
()
: K6 LF &L$) LF
LU L( & L.L
F8A LFA LF

L. L7 % L. % )L6 %
L( :LU !\'] "#C :
% L2 !'"# C : &

%\

(]

\
]L2 !'"#C :

###3 &% )L3 L6
c\L]M(.++ 3 7 8A;=#/#2(7J(F(P#8=<9:885#
8?
( ' ' #6

# P# / 6(F(. ?^8: 5= 8;# 3
'

#
88
$ && $-+(
0# +# +JOJ I# 8==5: 9; 6(F(. ?^8: 5# 6
FU 3 (). F 3
(.
#(3F(.
% +#= KI / M#
58

7 * #01/0/#I
* * 0111
)
) #3
& (#
- 7 &
+. 0/& Z
3
+#6
) 7

(* 7
U
#

) .
. )
'# C
)
0/11010#
- F
U %
%
G# 55
! F#C "
% , # 6

&
+
) 8?=#
) .
+ #
$ 010#3
7
+
$ '
+8 . ) * )
# 6 %

-
+ 89#

8
I 7
C 3
6 7
! " #( , 1#. #
89
.%
8=8:K(&) , #^(&)$ .
+ ' ^M$-+(0#+#+JOJI#8==5:
5
!

( % %
0110111 6
/ 8#
C 01/ 6 +
6 & & 7 ( ) F %

!89?89?989;8" 8;#
( / )
*
)
#()/
+ (% #
. & +
/

)
#C

)

## () %

* ,* / ,
2 8<# F &&
( . ' %
% *
/ #

8
F &&
2' 3VI-O IJFI_U-O G# P# ??:
8;<<;<<<??#
8;
I,
(63(. ( 9(8^<5#()
$ U 899 K###1 ] 6 dJ\
.. & ###1
6
\ ] ### 1 .. !###"
#### 1 6 + G & \ ]
6 + . ###1 6 G7.. #3
#1 6 +\ ]3. ####1 6 + . .. #

#1 6 /Wd( .. # & \]#+ 6 + 7
###1 3 + I6 + 3
6 6 - 6 + dJ 6 + 7 6 +
+ ###1
$
$
/ 6
W I6
I6
3 +
W
###1 d( &
C \]
6 + +#1 +G &
6 3C & 6 ###1 I6
& &#1
6 (7 dJ
6 \.] d(/ # #M3VI-OIJFI_U-OG#
P#??:?9?#
8<
/#G(.@(FJ(#8==?:989
) '
6 )
+#
59
$

!
" ' &&

6 # -
&& ) %

, *

* # .

% % * *6 K& M8#
- 0/
) 6 K & / WM &
/
&

$ 6*& &
85#
6 % 6

K
& W

%
6 L
%W
&

& % G#5=/ / !)
$#I*"
7 WL

8
()(U685<8?#8? +% &

!F) J
. " ! 7"
#
85
(63(. ( 9(8^5<#8
49(^=9!(7"7#8
(@F6GU 7
I + 5#898^84#8<^8(U63 I #;=##8?=88
(63(.
( <(^<9(U6IU 6 85<8?#548=;;#8#1 (U6
IU 6 8=;#=? ) & +/ #
5
& % . $M & ) K
L 7 WM8=# 3
*#( &
) & ) )
% 89?#
I
$
6*& / #V
(&
( .

0 #$ / , *
) +4 *

#J
! " +# 3
) %
%4
:
/ ( 898#$

% * *
) *
G 11* *
*

*
#
- ) && # ()

#.
&
0
/ K& 3 W 6
W & &W
& L ( $6 &
+ W & WM89#J
& ) 0 /
(
2 +

8=
1 % $ '+U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:98;5=#
- (@F6 G U . * A # 9=
') K>

% 7 W I + M
#
<=<<= $-+( 0# +# +JOJ I#
8==5:=#
89?
0/11(3F3G- 8G . 858^<#
898
(3JI2-$(3(OJ66#8=;:5?
/ +') #
- /ZOY-O+#???:8??!#;"
G #
89
-IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"8=5:;?= / #
5;

& ) #
$ ) #-

/ #
(
.
# I
! "
0/1 ( .'!#5E"

'
899# $
0/1
/ 89# C
0/11 ) &
' *
K ' /
M *
89;# .
) 0/111
898 ) K ' M ' *
& 89<#

!( $

- / % # $

!+ 2 * +" #()
*
& ) ' #- %
+ G +
( +) #

899
$ )
)
J ! * 88;E
" ) / !#8=?E" % 3 !85;E"
U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:5#-') K

M$-+(0#+#+JOJI#8==5:;#3
) ) ' *
.' )U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:?8?

J& ( #
89
.. 2/ . 2 2*-U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:<
#
89;
(3F3G- 8G . 8?=^8#9=#
89<
(.++ 3 7 A8 8#
5<
-
%
#$
+& )
* #$
P . ) +
+ *

** /

#
$
,

)

+ )
% #
$ 2 0/
*

( #C

'* #

5
"
"

( 26 G7. 7(. 89#
2+0:;;<9#55>:;#8@:=
$ #A;B#;BBC$#5A8B=#<;BBD#

G#=?$ ( ;? #

"

$ & 7&
!3" ) ( #$
,

#6 ( )

& C-6D&*&

!=?#8"
#$

' #-
&
#

,

& #
$

( ) & 3

6 & C
-D# (

G# =8 F (

3 #

89
@% A= 8:;????=<; 8:;#???#
55
+ * 2 #

"!

(
&
!
"

) 85
* =8#55 H#
6 %
895#
- %

* # 6

G#=.( ! 1-U36K3
!* ' 8?5? H" 2( 7M
0C2(F-U($1.1( #"

& )
& #-
(78

# -

&
%
#- &
#;?

* 78#
$
#8-D99#8< C6#3 ) )
* # - ! ("
-D
' 89=# (
* :

895
-
& R #
89=
$ ( %

#- '

* #
5=
6(:2#
6
*8?#;
' ;#<? #
- #5?
, # $

&
,

8?# 6
G#=9( #( 78#

* 88# I '
) ) !
" !
, & * "#- &

% #
$ ' *

& ! &
& ) "#- &
&
# F '
7 &

'(7#
@
'

!
* L"#

G#=/ (#- . #( &
7

8?
F * ) % #$
% *

&
) #
88
. & # $ ) &
& & %
&#- I '7JC1$$((# ?8?:<;#
=?
$
& * G#
$ ) &
&

!
"*
& 4
* * ,*
) * 8#

67:2 '#
782
'

!
"
# F
* %
% !

& & "#-

& *
*
#
-* ) ) #$
&
#$ 5 89#- '

! )
& "
&
#$ %
)
# -

*

'#
- &

* % *

#( ,
% &L
7. !

" '
<#88;#5?#3

. &
'# (
' )
& '

8
/# ?#
89
1-U36:#
=8
, & 78# C
&
#

G#=;6787 !G"#( & (

6.:- #
.8 G & ,
C6# 3
%)
& ) ' !

" 8#$ & %)
#- .8 !.
& -"#
$ % * )
#3 ' %

&

% #6 & %
& %
# ( &
# -
* ' * #
( )
& & #
$ *
% ) #( ' *
! & ) &
% * "# - )

* ) #3
:
% # $ ,
% #-

8
$ ) &

#C & ) #
=
'
&
%
# 1

% * # $

% '
&
% #
3 % #- &
#-

% &

&

.8#

G#=<( . !.(IIV-#8=9<"

(
#6 '
* &
#
-' ) &
)
# 6 &
*
! ) "#1

& # 6
#@ )
#-
.8&

&
# $
, #$

#3

* % % &

& #
.-

% # C
)
& % %

=9
# - &
* !
%
.8"#
() & .8#
-* &
&
!F":

.9#
.9( % * # 6
%) !9#<?88;"

, %
) & .#
6
!#8#?" * '
! " ) %
&
#
- , '
) #(
% '
# -

:
&
& # - ' )
! &% F"
#
$ %)

'

#-

.#
F % ! 8<"
.8
& % #

8;
$ & <)#
8<
$
.9&

#
=

G#=/ . .#C F#

6F:I .#
- & .# 3
.8 .9
* # 6
* '
)
&

& .8 .9# -
, '!& *"

G#=5F
F
& # 1

) .#
6 & .8
. F
* '
# $

#

6-:3 .#

' #-

. .8
.9# -

G# == / . -
!.(621$$J(# 8=9<"#
=;
#- '
)
! .9"#- ,
.8 # -

) , #
6 .8)
.#- .

* . # .
, %
& .8
# 6 &
#

6G:3 % .9#
- )
#(
(.9

*
#- F
)
!` a"

#( 7
#G .9, %#I
) #<;*! 9"
#-

& %
#- % %

# 6 & &# (
&

% #

""

#$

$

#
-
(
'
' ' #
=<
J %
%

* !7F -"#
-
# V %
%
#
G
, * &
!.9" * .8#
. )
8#
I &

#6 ) (
& % 85#2
%
*

#$ '
& ) #( )
& &
& % 78
7 () '
& %#
-&& ) #-

&
#-
#-
7 % ) '
#>

' '
!
' 78
#
- ) &
.8
&
&
'# $ .#

8
( & ) % !
1 . G P#U "#
85
( +1I(+JC2-6+#0#8=5:5#
=
2 .

, & ) #
$ F -
% .#$ .
# () . )
F# C -
* -

#
78 ' 7

'#- 7
.) #C
'
#
.8 *
) * %,
) #$
.8 &

& %. '-#
- % &
% & .8.9#
$ F
. #F &&.9

! ' *
"% F
* #
I
& * &

# -
.# F

#
- * * # $

! ." *

#I

&
* &
& #2
& *

*

=5
# 2

' '
#

G#8??I

!) P P#U "

( *
* & #@ &
& ) 8=#
1 )
)
*8;?# -

* &
%
#- & *
) (
! "#- 78.8
!S←TS(T"#G
% .8 * & %
6#G7
6 #+ 8;8#( &

8;#

"%&

$ '

6 &
& % 8;9# 2
& & # C &

8=
> & , 010
#1-U36:8?UJCOZ$-O.#8=5<#
8;?
UJCOZ$-O.#8=5<:<?<8==5:89?#
8;8
$ ) 6 G

!8998;??898858=L".(IIV-#8=5?:UJCOZ$-O.#8=5<:;<
;5#
8;
3 % SIT 8=98=; ) (U( !9" 88; < ^ ??9: K-

& *

* [IB

M# - & 78
' # 2 .# U*
UJCOZ$-O.#8=5<:<88#
8;9
.(IIV-#8=9<:92(7J(F(P#8=<9:88+1I(+JC2-6+#0#8=5:889.JJ3-I-#8=5?
8=58: <8 ((# //# )*
A 8 !8==?" UJCOZ$-O +# ??<: = !#8<"# /# .JC.-$$J F-
==
*
8;#-
& !8;; , "
!

" ) 8;<#
6 ) &&
& '

#(* ) $ &
#> &
) 8;#-
( )
$ # 3 &

% !
"#( '

8;5#- ) -#.

# ( ) +
* *
) % # -
( &

8;=#
I &
& &
8<?#.

7I1NC * !U(8;?89??" %
. 7#
8;
7JO(7I->G#8=8
#.(621$$J(# 8=9<:8?9;#
8;;
+! #":! #"#$
& )
%
#-
#
8;<
C & , 2 # C &
& KM %
)& ,

#
8;
(UI(GJ0J0#8==:89;89#
8;5
.JC.-$$J F- 7I1NC: 5 0C2( F- U($1.1( KU(#8;#?89#??M (UI(GJ0J 0# 8==: 889 88=#
V, &
,&
#- && *' '
* # ( % 010 %

# .
) #
8;=
.(621$$J (# 8=9<: 8??;# 6

F-/I1-6e#8==;:9958==:<#/#U1C(F-(C#??<:885??:<5#
8<?
@ 888=
K ( 7 1. 14
@
/ #- MI_O1#??9:;8;#1-U36:<#3&

9??
, +
8<8#+

# V , 10
) + ( - +
) 8<# 3 & +
( ) 7 % - + #(

'&

'#
( '& (
) ) +#3`
7 % - + aC & %#8;=8<?

& #
@ & 8955 & ( )
8<9#- *

#
6 *
( )
7 > . #$

( ) #3 *
( G &
0/ 0/1#
-

8<# 6 '

& :
- & & #
6 #6

) %
K
+ 7W/ 2
W &M
# $ : K

) W

+ % & %
W & 6 ,
M4

( ) #/#
# K
. M (.
$.(6+#8===:88#
8<8
.JC.-$$JF-7I1NC0C2(F-U($1.1(#
8<
+(FJO3#85=:?#K3* & .#-
8?9 U +&%7M70+<?? #A?#8#3 70
+??#9 ( J#
8<9
(@6 #899##
8<
@
. ( '
U(I._( P# 3JI2-$( +# P# ??9: 5# K> + 7 .
UW + M
9?8
# 2 ' *

' ) K.
\L]
( 6 M
#3& #>
. & * +
( ) #3
% + ) '

8955I6*&+K M8<;#
3,
&G

#-

0/101110/ ( ) 8<<#
F& ' )
& ) % #
F & )
& )
, #3

-$
7
& &
01/8<#-

01/

' 8<5#F
+ G
8<=# 2 )
*
' )#-% ( G 11

)
( : % # $
% '
8<=
G 11G 111 *
0/#

'

( #
2
7 >*+

8<;
U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:859#
8<<
/#IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#8==;:=?=83($$(I-6+#.# 8==:8<UJCOZ$-O
+#8==<:9898;#
8<
(.6.G#8#<
<;4.G#85#5#
8<5
U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:;?9;8?#K> F(
G 7 + ( MK$ (6
/ F @ M K W F ( G
/ @ M#/#(3JC2-/#8=5<:8;#
8<=
-8;< & ) +( )
#$.(6+#8===:
8=#
9?
#-*
& ) G & )
6 # . &

'&
) &&
# 3

&8<9
& 8<? #()
& 7 >*
8< KG ( M
& ) ' ( ) ! "8?#
- & %
* #>

+ #
./ & (

G
11 ') 8<
/ 8<;
K7 +L

C W
& (W

W
( &7 M88#()
& )
!#8<;8<"#
$ ) % #
)
#
1 ) ) # -
P
7 8<?9 :K
* '
% & \] M8#

8?
K3 7 F \] I 6 & +###
\ ] \
] ###& 6 U 7 M(@6. +
#899 #8#/#
G 1###. & )
I6*&UJCOZ$-O+#??<:? $6*&+UJCOZ$-O+#8==<:?
, 6ZC.@-O0#+#?8?:8?<#
88
IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"8=5:9<<95?;;=#<59859999=995;<8;<5#
8
(IU I ( 95;^ < # 8# - P + 7 >*
G 11 K ( MIJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O
(#!#"8=5:9<<#
9?9
$
. '
#$ ') )

89#3 0/1

Z

3 +
# - &&
(

Z
3 G#8?8#7 #( ! 2"
! ( "
+G %

*

' #( *

# (

*
#$
8# () 8<=
)

*) #
$ *

8955# - .
! " '
% )
( ') )

& )
)
7 Z
3 +
$6*&#
3 8955
* & %
.
) , : !
( "#
() ) ( &

$ 6*& +: K U ) +

&

89
3 & 6 &
#IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"
8=5:;<=989?9=9;99;9<;<;<855?;;;.JJ3-I-#8=5?8=58:<9#
7(IIJ6.#??<:;<!#989"#
8
3% (.61U?9^89#59 K- ( W M#>
& )
# 3 & :` a `
a `

a
9?
( W ) &W# > ) &&
&
& & M# 2
* K
M8;#
(

%88 0/1#
6
# 6 %
%
)
8<#() (:K$6*&L

( &W

M8#2 )
3
I $ + K ( &
& (

&
& L) & $ &
) % W &
M85# 6
*
3 #
( ( '
:K$
L )

M#
6
)

#2
#$

& ! " '

#- (

%

+: 8=#.

8;
(3JC2-/#8=5<:85?85885;###8IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"8=5:;;;#C
(& , #
8<
F 2-22(+(C.>G#8=8:9?
#
8
(3JC2-/#8=5<:85885#
85
IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"8=5:<?;=#
8=
() ) ! ) '

&
9?;

/U

+# 2

(

7 -
F85?#
-
#

!
"#
- & # 1
8;? K &
( M
858#2
) . 85#-

859#
- %)
&
& #6
)

%" &
# 3 % 78 )

&
*
* ) #$ ' )
F
% !
#.JJ3-I-#8==8:7I+#8==<:88?
885"# Y / !89988?" 6 !8=8;?9"
6 I f I 3 3 & # /# 7I +# 8==<: 8? +JI(G1U-IJ( $# ??
+1I(+JC2-6+#0#8=5:88.JJ3-I-#8==8:<6JI($.-P#I#8=5;:89F-/I1-6e#
8==;:9=?#
85?
.
&' # - &

)
#-U ,% / !$"
( &
* #6
% ( ) # $ *

) * ) &
% * #C
& * % %,

! L"
'# 3 ) %
# V %

) %#3

7!F
) &
% %#/#7($-62I(..1F#8=5=:9="#
858
U(I._( P# 3JI2-$( +# P# ??9: # -
) &) / # .*
. 0/1#
85
6.
*
&
& ) % ( # +1I(+JC2-6 +# 0# 8=5: ;5 5#
.JJ3-I-#8==8:9=& %

#
859
K@ * ( & g ^ *
*
) * M70+<?? #
A?#/#+J$1C(7#6#8;;?:<#
9?<
0/85#(*

& )
85;#
-
,
+

%#
. )

) & *
) #
@ 0/ &
( 6 @ 85<# $
II#..# '
85#F&&
( ) #
> 0/1

# 3
) P .
8;8#J & 72) K
( M8;9=KW 36 %%
((
L

( &
& M#68;; & , 855#2 %

85
7I+#8==<:8?=88?/1C>J$-62+# 8=5<#
85;
$ ) &
* #C $
23 0 C 2 L
C 3 6 + (#$ *

6 . I
2( !6ZC.@-OP#(#??8:88"#6( #F
&& , % ) 0/1
#
(63(. ( 978^85#
85<
.) 8#8<< #
$(F-IJ +# (# ??;: ? 5# /# U(I._( P#
8=5:8=5#
85
$N3-O G-II-1IJ (# 8559: 8 # K+ U
( +

' % IU
G . , .
(
4
% &
*
& M#
855
( 2 ) (@6 3 C 68= # ?8
3VI-O.JC62(C213#8=9?:889#C&& ,
) 6 P .#
VK>' W ( ###M & )

,& ) (@63 C 6?#<=?#C ,
9?
.8^
# 3
& )
!-")
% ) &

#
3

% 010#-

#- ,

&

# F
)
85=#
$
0/1

) ) & )
'

K M8=?#
- &
&
Q
& )

. G#8?/ ( 85==!70+
<?? #A?"
K ( M8=8# C

8=#-
8;9? & . K ) M -
)( #3

8;5 & ) & ) (@6 3
C 688#58=5?#
85=
/# (63( . ( 978^ 85# -
*
' #3
& #
8=?
$ (3F3G- 8G . 8?^9
#<(63(. ( <G9^85(3JC2-/#8=5<:?<U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#
??9:=<8?98999<9?98<#- ) &
6 #
8=8
U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:98;?5#
8=
- 0/1 (
#U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:
;#
9?5
) ( ) 8=9#.
.
)
) ( ) 7
* # $
'
[ B

8=#- ) )
^:( #3 + K. ( M

IU 8=;#
() & *
# 3
&
' )

# C
,
&
0/1 0/11# 3 *
& U ) & 6
) 8=<#
$ ) # $

# -

& #- ) ,
*
P 7
%
)% %)

:K W
, &

)
W &% ') & W )
% &
)

W L ) , %W
%W
& M8=#
3 ,
' # Y
7
& )

8=9
U(I._( P# 3JI2-$( +# P# ??9: 98<985# K> +
& W M#
8=
U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:9<=9?#
8=;
+-F1C(3#8;=:#.0011#
8=<
(.63#?#;
(@63 C 6<9#<?<?;(@63 C 65#
;=?;=8#;8#( ) (@63 C 6;;#585
8=
(IUI ( 95;^<#8#
9?=
, * #-

& #. 8;=9 K
( B 'M8=5#
C !`.9 (a" ,

#
- 8<= 7 /
( 8==# 6
% &
*& )
& ) # F (
& , ) '
) #. %

%

#
3 0/1

2 !#8;?" 8;=
%
I + 8;;
( ) 89??# - )

8;9; 6
)
.
#6
,

* &
#

8=5
(.63#88;#?
8==
UJ>(#??:95?3VI-O.JC62(C213#8=9?:;;<#
89??
F && &

*
, (U-3+8

# $

&
6 # 6 ' & & 010 !
# 2-22(+(C.> G#
8=8:98=98.(IIV-#8=9<:"
@J>JP# 8<?:8=?8=;(.61U#=#88
8(63(. ( 9-;^;949-^;8#85
#6($/(FJ7#8==^=91-U36:UJCOZ$-O.#8==5:<#6 )
* ! " & )

, 0/1#() *& ) ( K
W ) \]W: &W
%M&
8;;) 6 . (.61U?^8?5#
98?
6
0/11

6 $

,
( 89?8# 6

G#8?93 2 :
#>

I+ 2-22(+(C.>G#8=8#
0/1 )
( ) !
+ " K

M89?#- ,&& )

) #
- Z .
& , 0/11189?9#+*

.
) & )
& #

G#8?G
( !) P P#U "
- 88=

%P 1 2
. U 6 89?# .

&
& K

89?8
(.61U?<^#9?;9?<#6
K& ( M#
89?
U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#??9:=<9?5#
89?9
.# .(621$$J (# 8=: 8<# 6 & 0/111 *

#/#(63(. ( 97^8;;497^8;<#
89?
(63(. ( 97^89<#
988
( M89?;# () 8? )
89?<# C % :
- ) (# .
K
& M )
U ) 2 89?#
2 %

,
#> 010
#+
89?5# 3
( 89?=#
F
&
# F

#
- , 010
/ $ / 898?#-

/ $
( 8988# >
, &
*
/ $ F
, *
# - &&

% %
#J&&
% !
F 898" )
& & #3
&
)& )
#$) #-

89?;
(63(. ( 97^8;;#
89?<
() )
& )
$*K
M(3F3G- 8G . 85^
89?
(U-3+8(63(. ( <(^<= 9A#
89?5
+(FJO3#85=:?#K$ #C*6#;5
-#*J#;4
C#858^4 6#84 =8^:
8?#M
89?=
/#(63(. ( 9-;^;9#
898?
/((+JCF-$JI-6.#8=8<:.(IIV-#8=9<:#
8988
/#.(621$$J(# 8=9<:8??<7JU(I#??9:8;<8;5#
898
I.9 F& #
98

#
- *

% ) '
#
( 00
# . / 8=?9

8989#C '
898#
C )
(& ) & )
' & % #
$
&
* *#C )
%.

' #6
) .8
% !' ("
7 .# 2 %
% ) Z . 898;

*

#@ & % #
- &' ) #$

&

? #(
& 898<

00

& %#
-
)

#
$
78 &
#-

8989
/1.-C21(#8=?9:K$ ^ *
^
& *

^ M#.#UJCOZ$-O.#?????8#
898
/#"

"!8; 8=?"70+<?? #A? #8;
898;
.(621$$J(# 8=9<:8?9#
898<
/((+JCF-$JI-6.#8=8<:?#
989

% ,#$
&
#
$ & .8 &
) #@ &
& '
010 898#
( %
.8 C '
(
#
- *
& *

)
* #-
& &)
# $ % 85 85==
78
)

8985#()7 ) 78
7&
#( )
* & ) #$'

' ) &
( #

G#8?;- 78 00!2-22(+(C.>G#8=8" !.JJ3-I-#
8=5?8=58" #C

#

898
((#//#)
A89#/#70+<?? #A?#
8985
) & !

3 "

#/#
2-22(+(C.>G#8=8:99 %7 & 78#
98
"

( &
(

)(

1 #3
,
:
) # -

&

C
G#8?<3 ( 0110/1
3
I& 7 I& G 6 ) ) 2 #
. '
)
# 3 # () &
& ) 011 0/1 &
: 7 - 3 U ) 2 $*
2 + J J66 I 898=#
F U )2 ?<=;

. +# 6
%
K W + M
& I 6*&
+89?#$ %

+ ) ,**
0/#()

& ) 7 6 G 7
* 898 )

898=
/# 7 J + #$ - 3 $.(6
+# 8===: 8=# J U(I._( P# 3JI2-$( +#P# ??9: 8=<# 2 3VI-O IJFI_U-O G# P#
??: 99899# 6 . $ I !I" # (.h( G#
.(/(F( +# 8=8 ) IJFI_U-O UJCOZ$-O (# 8==;: 88=# $

$*
) (.6 $F 98^ 94 (3F3 G - 8G
. 8?^9#=8?4#8?
88
# + )$#66 6#+
3$.(6+#8===:???5#6 I C K
& W M(.6.G8#8<9#
89?
$
) 8? + ) . (63( .
( 9(8^#8#6 7 >*J
#U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#
??9:8<?9??#
898
1 8;?? K> 6 G 7
&
???
L- &

%U MU(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#
??9:88588=8<8<5#
98;
( ) 89# ( 2 U )

% #()
% . %
% Q& 6#3
( *K&W &
2 + M899#-
( #F&& $
6*&+& ( )
37
7#
C
. (

)
0/

# $

K
L +

89
( M #
$

2
)
Q

&
,

G#8?/ ( !)
% $#I*"
#C )&

#C&
( ) )

89
() $ 6*& + U(I._( P#
3JI2-$(+#P#??9:8<;8<#
899
-(@6#9;\(F+. #;A8]8;9U ) ( )

F # I 6*& U )
(@6. + #899 8=#84 ?#K- &
W +
%

& $ 7 '$ X ###### 7M#
89
(@F6GU . * A #;=#
98<
2

*
)

&&

# -

)

%

, %
* . #
( )
)
+ ) 6

3 C
(
#$ 7 &*

0/#- *)

I& GI& 7 #
P

Z
3
+ 6 Z
6
7 >*#6
)

+:I& G0 3 89;#6 7
/ , # 3 Z
3
2
& ) & , )
, #( &

)G 11 )
#3))
+
3+

2 . C #6)

- (
' 0/

#

%
# 2 (

89;
3JI2-$(-# ??:8?98?#
98
& /
) #3
7 2 # 6

G 11
6 ) (
$6*& 6 #(
( # - ' %

)
3 % $(

(

% *
#
$ )
Q
( %
6 & ) # G $ (

7 %
3 6 ( #-&&*

89<#.& $6*&+

)Z
3 ) ) I& G
) 0 & ) J *
3 #
1 ( 7

7

0 89#3 ) ( )
)
37
#6 %
( )
/ . 895#3 +
( ) #2
% '
85?
K
W ) 3 !"
W
3 W 6 L W
& &- P &

89<
6

#UJ/-1(P#
??=#
89
/#(U6IU 6 85<8?#9;(3JC2-/#8=5<:88#
895
() 0/1 76 7.*/#U(I._(P#3JI2-$(+#P#
??9:=#
985
( L
&
M# 3
'
,
8;8<
% (
/ .
K

L \` a] L

L
L &
&
M KW
G# 8?5
( , F
(!.(62-$$Z+#8<8?"#

M89=#
3 F( (

( )
$ #() & )

K% 6 6 W & W 6
7 ( . &
M899?#
C ( ) '

)
)

& ) : 2 #(
* & 0/1

#

"( $

@ & ) (
#3
* &

89=
(U6 I U 6 85? 8? # 8<5 (.6 68;^;9# (

) & ) K

W ( MU(I._(
P# 3JI2-$( +# P# ??9: 95995 K

( * L+*

W &( M(.61U88^#98#
899?
IJFI_U-OUJCOZ$-O(#!#"8=5:9;9#
98=
& ) #.+
#I

) &
# - U ) 2 &
,
#
`Y & ) 7 >* a `3
( a
3 '&
% )

% *
' ) )
+ ' '
* * )
%# 3 ' %

(
#
- & # $

I$ &( ) I& G& ) I&
7
6
& )
# 3

#
6 &
)U ) '

#

# $ % P (

* & ) % # C

*

#$

% # ( ,

01/
# -
)
%
#$ * *
%
)
9?
) #()

#
+
*
# +

* # $ &
!G (% ( "

# (

2
%

& ) ) *
% %
#$ &

)

'
#
- ) 7 >*

. # 6 , I $ G 1

) 2 #7

( ) )
) * *
#
2 / . #$ *

&*
P . (

2 *
6 #$
'
+ #
.

#$

#3 $6*&+

%

& & / 6*& ) &
& ) $ 3 + # -

) G 11
#
$
/ . (

*
* *
#
98
G
%
' %
#- % 0/ )

) +
#G

#
-
%

) &#

9

07.CJBM 7de9

Cargado por

Información del documentohacer clic para expandir la información del documento

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

07.CJBM 7de9

Cargado por

Información del documento

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

07.CJBM 7de9

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Arquitectura militar y aspectos constructivos

de las fortalezas bajomedievales.

         

              

#(@F6GU   . * A   #8?

          &

U " %  )         %  

               

          &  

          # 6 &   

           

             # G          

          

 /   3 + 88=; 6"#

              ) 

%  , # 6 

      *                

 ( ) &  3    

&    # 1      

#I                    

+G  %  

        

- 88=                  

)   # -

   

    #C     ) &   

  #$       7  & *     

También podría gustarte

#(@F6GU . * A #8?

&

U"%) %

&

# 6 &

# G

/ 3+ 88=; 6"#

)

% , # 6

*

( ) & 3

& # 1

#I

+G %

- 88=

) # -

#C )&

#$ 7 &*