GEGO
GEGO
GEGO
Midiendo el infinito
Measuring Infinity
MUSEO JUMEX
19.OCT.2022–05.FEB.2023 #26
Gego: Midiendo el infinito
#26
5
GEGO: MIDIENDO EL INFINITO
Gego en el montaje de la Reticulárea, Center for Inter-American Relations Art Gallery, Nueva York, 1969.
Foto: Ana María Castillo. Cortesía Archivo Fundación Gego
GEGO: LA LÍNEA EMANCIPADA1
Julieta González
Gertrud Goldschmidt, mejor conocida como Gego, es una de las principales figuras
de la abstracción geométrica en Venezuela, su país adoptivo. Nació en Hamburgo
en 1912 y se formó como arquitecta e ingeniera en la Technische Hochschule
Stuttgart. En el contexto del creciente sentimiento antisemita en la Alemania Nazi,
Gego emigró a Venezuela en 1939. A diferencia de otros emigrantes alemanes
activos en el arte, la arquitectura y el diseño, Gego no tenía una formación de la
Bauhaus, sino una educación más tradicional característica del programa de
Stuttgart al que asistió. Al huir de Alemania, trabajó en diferentes oficinas de arqui-
tectura en Caracas, y también como arquitecta independiente, pero sus oportuni-
dades eran limitadas por ser mujer y extranjera. En 1947 diseñó y construyó la Quinta
El Urape, una casa para su familia en la zona residencial de Los Chorros en Caracas.
Para Gego, estos primeros años como artista coincidieron con el período de
intensa modernización en Venezuela y América Latina, durante el cual flore-
cieron en la región movimientos artísticos afiliados a la abstracción geométrica
y alineados con la tradición constructiva europea de la preguerra. La construcción
de la Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas en 1951, diseñada por Carlos Raúl
Villanueva (1900-1975), fue el proyecto que introdujo el diálogo entre la arqui-
tectura moderna y el arte abstracto, que se conoció como Síntesis de las artes,
a la población general de Caracas, que además estimuló a individuos e insti-
tuciones a comisionar obras públicas en la ciudad. Gego empezó a aceptar
estas comisiones a principios de los años sesenta y continuaría trabajando en
estos proyectos durante toda su trayectoria. Aunque a menudo se consideran
como obras secundarias, son fundamentales para su práctica ya que muchas
de sus esculturas de la década de 1960 sirvieron como modelos para sus obras
públicas a gran escala de ese período.2
Los posteriores Dibujos sin papel (1976-1988) marcan otro punto de inflexión
en su producción. Estas esculturas hechas de alambre y pequeños herrajes
como cables, resortes, clavos, etcétera, están destinadas a colgar directamente
en la pared, como si estuvieran dibujadas en ella, o a una pequeña distancia
de ella, haciendo de la sombra proyectada una parte de la obra, otro dibujo,
por así decirlo. Estas obras pueden considerarse entre los trabajos concep-
tualmente más complejos de Gego, ya que desafían la autonomía de la escultura
al subordinarla a la pared y atribuir las cualidades del dibujo a una escultura.
Asimismo, la radicalidad de su propuesta se enfatiza por la humilde elección
Gego, Tronco no. 5, 1976. Colección privada, Austin. Cortesía Fundación Gego
de materiales (alambre, cable, tornillos y botones desechados, a menudo oxi-
Paralelamente a las investigaciones formales y espaciales realizadas en torno dados y retorcidos) y el proceso intuitivo de su realización, incluso su condición
a la Reticulárea, Gego desarrolló los Chorros entre 1969 y 1971. A diferencia de intersticial entre el dibujo y la escultura, pero simultáneamente ninguno de
la estructura independiente de malla de la Reticulárea, los Chorros son, como ellos, desafiando el lenguaje imperante de la tradición constructiva en el país
su nombre indica, más parecidos a arroyos o cascadas; los elementos de alam- y su afiliación a una modernidad importada.
bre están suspendidos verticalmente de un soporte, y caen al suelo en diversas
formas y patrones. Aunque se conciben como obras individuales, a menudo se La serie Bichos, emprendida a finales de los años ochenta, se conforma por
exhiben en grupo, creando así una especie de ambiente. Este fue el caso de la objetos tridimensionales, masas de acero torcido y rejillas metálicas que repre-
presentación en la Galería Conkright en Caracas, en 1971. Habían sido exhibidas sentan un colapso total de la estructura en su obra. Estas mallas contorsionadas
previamente en la galería de Betty Parsons en Nueva York, a principios de ese presentan una espontaneidad nacida directamente de la mano de la artista, en
la que Gego se liberó de la forma y creó configuraciones orgánicas que incor-
poraban diversas formas y texturas. Los posteriores Bichitos, ensamblajes caó-
ticos a pequeña escala compuestos de material reciclado y materia de desecho
recogida en el estudio de Gego, encarnan una corporeidad escultórica defor-
mada que fluye libremente entre el cuerpo y el espacio, con un toque de juego,
inherente a su rebelde composición.
Su última obra, las Tejeduras (1988-1992), consolida su interés por el tejido, que
siempre había ocupado un lugar destacado en el desarrollo de su lenguaje ar-
tístico; en sus primeros dibujos tejía con la línea dibujada para crear superfi-
cies, figuras, volúmenes, transparencias y vacíos. Es con la línea de alambre
tejido con la que creó las redes que dan forma a sus Reticuláreas. Gego expe-
rimentó brevemente con los textiles, produciendo algunos tapices con cuerda
de nylon y lana tejida. A través del tejido, Gego desafió la falta de reconoci-
miento hacia las artistas mujeres que trabajaban con textiles, y cuyas obras
hasta hace muy poco eran consideradas artesanales y no reconocidas como
arte. A medida que su edad y su frágil salud le impidieron trabajar con metal y
materiales más rígidos, se dedicó a producir estas obras íntimas de pequeña
escala hechas con tiras de papel tejidas, utilizando imágenes impresas de sus
propias obras, páginas de revistas y folletos comerciales, así como papeles de
paquetes de cigarrillos. En este sentido, este último cuerpo de trabajo resume
algunas de las preocupaciones formales, estructurales y conceptuales que ha-
16 bían predominado en toda su producción; a través del “tejido”, relacionó la ar-
quitectura, la ingeniería, el diseño industrial, así como su exploración de la su-
perficie y la estructura.
En una entrevista de 1981, Gego afirmó que el objetivo principal que buscaba en
su obra era la transparencia.1 Desde entonces, se ha dedicado mucha atención
crítica y popular a cómo su gran Reticulárea ejemplifica esta intención. Sin em-
bargo, toda su práctica puede describirse como un ejercicio prolongado y soste-
nido para lograr este propósito, visto en todas las series en las que Gego trabajó,
desde sus dibujos, grabados y libros de artista hasta sus reconocidas esculturas
de alambre y ensamblajes. Independientemente del medio utilizado, el trabajo de
Gego desestabiliza cualquier consideración sencilla de linealidad, espacio, sistema
y estructura, ya que fue influido paralelamente por sus actividades en el estudio,
la galería y el aula. Su enfoque se basó en su visión del arte como trabajo, perfec-
cionado a través de proyecciones y disciplina tanto como de intuición y ensayo.
Otra evaluación crítica del trabajo de Gego se ha centrado en las sombras pro-
yectadas y las opacidades que produce. Luis Pérez-Oramas ha defendido que
las obras de la etapa madura de Gego son residuales, tomando forma a partir de
un proceso de montaje sin centro ni punto de partida claro. Opuesta a la elimi-
nación de las sombras en el arte cinético de sus contemporáneos en Venezuela,
Gego las incorpora, creando incluso una sala que abraza la obra-sombra y pare-
ce infinita para su última instalación permanente de la Reticulárea en la Galería
de Arte Nacional en 1981.3
En Hamburgo, Gego tomó varios cursos con Karl Schmoll von Eisenwerth que
resultaron esenciales para su imaginación espacial y su capacidad técnica para
conceptualizar y representar la estructura interna de las formas, así como las
sombras para mostrar profundidad. El ritmo también parece haber entrado en
su vocabulario en esta etapa inicial, ya que aprendió a usar líneas y planos para
crear composiciones. Gego incluso tomó cursos de urbanismo con Heinz Wet-
zel, centrado en ejercicios prácticos para diseñar un escenario.8 El compromiso
continuo de la artista con proyectos que involucraban la consideración del es-
pacio y el entorno revela una atracción duradera por trabajar de esta manera.
Por ejemplo, en 1972, el Centro Simón Bolívar le encargó una obra para el con-
junto urbano Parque Central. Gego diseñó e instaló Cuerdas, una obra monu-
mental de cuerdas que cruzan el edificio como líneas paralelas. Más tarde, para
su exhibición de 1977 en el Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, extendió las cuer-
das hacia la galería, que formaba parte del mismo complejo. La obra al aire libre,
vista a través de las ventanas del museo, continuaba en una estructura interior,
donde el espectador podía observar y percibir esta intervención y, como tam-
bién señaló Ossott, comprender su posición en relación con la obra. Esta ca-
pacidad de hacer visible el vínculo entre los objetos fue una parte integral de
24 su producción. 25
Gego rechazó la idea de la escultura por considerar demasiado rígidos los pa-
rámetros establecidos por el arte como disciplina. En sus cuadernos escribió:
“Escultura: Formas tridimensionales de material macizo. ¡NUNCA LO QUE
HAGO YO!”.9 De hecho, usó con mayor frecuencia la palabra “estructura” para
referirse a su trabajo. Más tarde, emplearía el término familiar “bichos” y “bi-
chitos” para sus obras tridimensionales pequeñas. Si bien su trabajo se ha rela-
cionado tangencialmente con los movimientos de arte cinético y geometría
abstracta en América Latina, Gego se resistió a esas categorizaciones, incluso
si su trabajo se produjo dentro de ese contexto. Sus “estructuras” requieren una
cierta proyección para que ella trabaje su composición, como lo haría un arqui-
Gego, Sin título, 1959. Colección Fundación Gego en The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
Cortesía The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston tecto a través de dibujos o maquetas, así como un grado de intuición e impro-
visación. Como ha argumentado Mónica Amor: “fue a través del dibujo, un
En Venezuela, el proyecto de modernización permitió a Gego llevar algunas de medio que, tanto en el arte como en la arquitectura, está asociado a la prelimi-
estas formas a gran escala. En la década de 1950, el auge petrolero en el país naridad, que pudo liberarse de la contención del objeto escultórico.”10
detonó la construcción de ambiciosos complejos arquitectónicos en Caracas, Mientras la gravedad y la masa parecen estar excluidas de las construcciones
algunos de los cuales incluían encargos de esculturas públicas por artistas locales
e internacionales. Gego fue invitada en 1962 a realizar una escultura para el patio 8 Stefanie Reisinger, “Gego. The Architecture of an Artist”, en Gego.
interior del Banco Industrial de Venezuela. Esta sería su primera experiencia de The Architecture of an Artist, eds. Ulrike Groos, Philip Kurz,
integración de arte y arquitectura, proyecto que se conoció como “Síntesis de las Stefanie Reisinger y Kerstin Thomas (Leipzig: Spector Books, 2022), 15-17.
9 “Sabidura 13. Escultura”, en Sabiduras y otros textos de Gego, 129.
artes” y que tuvo manifestaciones en varios países latinoamericanos simultánea- 10 Mónica Amor, “Another Geometry: Gego’s Reticulárea, 1969-1982”, October,
mente. Más tarde, de 1968 a 1970, ella y su pareja, Gerd Leufert, diseñaron un vol. 113 (verano, 2005), 105.
26 27
Estos ejercicios constantes entre espacio positivo y negativo, dos y tres dimen-
siones, papel y alambre, son el lenguaje visual de Gego. Desarrolló una rela-
ción distinta pero espontánea con cada medio que seleccionó, siempre par-
tiendo de su experiencia en ingeniería técnica. A través de sus ejercicios en
papel, Gego pudo imaginar el trazo de cada línea desde múltiples puntos de
Gego en su estudio, 1985. Foto: Gerd Leufert. Cortesía Archivo Fundación Gego
ENGLISH
33
GEGO: MEASURING INFINITY
She was both readily associated with Kinetic Art and Geometric Abstraction
yet maintained her independence from these categorizations by focusing on the
line as “object to play with.” Her unique approach renders form in space with
the character of a drawing—rather than a sculptural object—whether using
industrial steel or other more ready to hand materials such as coat hangers or
scraps of paper. Gego’s practice seeks out the space in-between as her work
interacts with the environment in which is it installed and with the bodies that
encounter it.
The exhibition follows the story of her interdisciplinary practice from her ear-
ly drawings, public sculptures, and room-size installations to her final woven
paper pieces. It highlights her drawing practice as intrinsic to her production 35
both on paper and in space, with an ample selection of works on paper. It also
brings into focus her parallel interests in printmaking, artists books, poetry, and
graphic design, as well as pedagogy. At the center of the exhibition are singular
pieces shown emulating the artist’s own displays. Throughout, Gego’s practice
is marked by continuous exploration of how material structure becomes mal-
leable with infinite possibilities for opening up form and space.
Gego, Bicho 87/10, 1987. Colección Mercantil, Caracas. Courtesy Fundación Gego
GEGO: THE EMANCIPATED LINE1
Julieta González
For Gego, these first years as an artist coincided with the period of intensive
modernization in Venezuela and Latin America, during which artistic movements
affiliated to geometric abstraction, and aligned with the pre-war European
constructive tradition, flourished in the region. The construction of University
City of Caracas in 1951 designed by Carlos Raúl Villanueva (1900-1975) was
responsible for introducing the dialogue between modern architecture and
abstract art known as Síntesis de las artes [Synthesis of the Arts] to the gener-
al population, and for stimulating public and private patrons to commission
artists to create public works in Caracas. Gego began accepting these com-
missions as early as the beginning of the 1960s, and she would continue to work
on such projects throughout her life. Although often considered as secondary
works, they are quite central to her practice, as many of her sculptures from
the 1960s served as models for her larger-scale public works of that period. 2
1 Julieta González and Pablo León de la Barra with Geaninne Gutiérrez-Guimarães and
Tanya Barson.
2 Some of her later architectural environments such as Cuerdas (1972) at Parque
Central and Cuadriláteros (1981) for the Caracas Metro, take the ideas behind
Gego, Detail of Sin título, 1956. Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas. Courtesy Fundación Gego the Reticulárea (1969) installation to a larger public and an urban scale.
Attentive to these developments and the spatial implications of the integration
between art and architecture, Gego’s practice moved towards abstraction in
the late 1950s, when she began to develop a language of her own. In Tarmas,
she had also started experimenting with other techniques beyond drawing
and watercolors, such as the monotype, which she probably learned from Leu-
fert. The monotype—a type of print made by pressing paper against a painted
or inked surface—allowed her to apply painterly qualities and embrace spon-
taneity in her mark-making and layering of inks. The monotypes also denote
her movement from representation into geometry and abstraction as well as
the beginning of her interest in producing drawings by reproduction, some-
thing which she would continue to do through the rest of her career through
the techniques of engraving, woodcuts, and silkscreen.
From the late 1950s onwards, Gego’s research developed fundamentally around
three structural-formal concerns: parallel lines, linear knots, and the parallax
effect—by virtue of which the shape of a static object changes due to the
movement of the spectator’s observational position. The work developed be-
tween 1957 and 1971 was informed by her investigation into lines and their
formal, structural, and spatial possibilities, deployed in a series of drawings,
engravings, and sculptures. Her abstract drawings of this period were struc-
tured around the idea of the repetition of parallel lines. Sometimes the lines
38 construct planes or volumes, other times the breaks in the lines produce over-
lapping figures. Lines pause and move, the space between the lines acquires
the same significance as the line itself. Although the parallel lines produce a
visual vibration which is close to the effect produced by the so called kinetic
art of the period, Gego was quick to distance herself from the movement: for
Gego the line was an “object to play with”.3 Her sculptures from this period
follow the same principles applied in the drawings of this series; here the lines
give form to planes or are twisted to form spirals, empty spaces also carve
three dimensional figures within the sculptures. In 1959, shortly before she left
with Leufert to Iowa State University, Venezuelan kinetic artist Carlos Cruz-Diez
did a short film of Gego’s works, Movement and Vibration in Space: Sculpture
by Gego. In it, the camera moves around the sculptures of this series creating
the parallax effect.
Following her stint in Iowa where she had honed her printmaking skills under
the tutelage of Mauricio Lasansky and produced prints that furthered her in-
vestigation into parallel lines, Gego attended the Tamarind Lithography Work-
shop in Los Angeles in the mid-1960s. An important interlude in her artistic
career, this fellowship provided Gego with the proper workspace and neces- Gego, Untitled, 1963. Colección Fundación Gego at The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
Courtesy The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
3 Gego, “Sabidura 4”, Sabiduras y otros textos de Gego. Sabiduras and Other Texts
by Gego, ed. María Elena Huizi and Josefina Manrique Cabrera (Houston/Caracas:
International Center for the Arts of the Americas/The Museum of Fine Arts,
Houston and Fundación Gego), 53.
1960s and 1970s, including Rodolfo Abularach, Annie Albers, Ruth Asawa, Vija
Celmins, José Luis Cuevas, Rafael Ferrer, Louise Nevelson, Philip Guston,
Luchita Hurtado, and Rufino Tamayo.
At the end of the 1960s, Gego’s sculpture transitioned from heavy iron and
metal structures, most of them welded by blacksmiths, to lighter works made
of wire folded by hand by Gego herself. The works are also not installed on
plinths on the floor anymore but hang from the ceiling or the wall. Being able
to manipulate the wires gave Gego an independence in her work, in which the
sculptures were freed from rational geometry and started to develop in a more
intuitive way. If in her early sculptures, surfaces, shapes and rhythm were
created by parallel iron lines, in these works it is the weaving of the wires in
triangular structures that creates the irregular surfaces which she would call
reticuláreas. The formal and conceptual operations that informed Gego’s pro-
duction during the 1970s thus stemmed from the shift represented by the
Reticulárea, which she made in 1969.4 Considered her most significant work,
the Reticulárea was an immersive installation made of triangular modular el-
ements that varied in size. The net-like structure grows and decreases rhizom-
atically and envelops the spectator.
Departing from her prior investigations into parallel lines, the dynamic entan-
glement of lines and nets of the Reticulárea, relies on the structure of linear
40 knots but also denotes Gego’s interest in the parallax effect, as its forms 41
change as the spectator moves within and around its elements. The “rhizom-
atic” nature of the Reticulárea’s multiplication in space was clearly decon-
structive of the rigid schemes of geometric abstraction by eliminating the
center and exhibiting a non-hierarchical approach to the construction of form.
The Reticulárea and these attendant bodies of work engaged the space of the
gallery and the experience of the spectator within it. Gego’s formal experi-
ments with these works hinged on the contingent and the incidental, deploy-
ing the spatial possibilities of a grid in crisis. While many of the works are
displayed together in this exhibition, they existed as works independently.
However, they partake of the dynamic geometric and spatial operations char-
acteristic of the Reticulárea environmental installation. The drawings devel-
oped during this period are marked by the same formal and spatial investiga-
Gego, Reticulárea cuadrada 71/2, 1971-1989. Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas. Courtesy Fundación Gego
tions, transitioning from parallel lines towards a more organic “woven” pattern
sary tools to freely experiment with the complex medium of lithography. Even of lines that appear to create surfaces.
if Gego had been working with various printmaking methods as early as 1953,
it was not until the 1960s that Gego’s printmaking production grew exponen- Parallel to the formal and spatial research undertaken in the Reticulárea, Gego
tially, coinciding with her travels to the United States. Her prints during this developed the Chorros [Streams] starting in 1969 and continuing into 1971.
period embody a range of tactical investigations into materials and techniques Contrary to the mesh-like self-supporting structure of the Reticulárea, the
as the artist experimented with a variety of inks and acid tint on stone to
achieve painterly qualities, such as loose brushstrokes, rich, velvety tones, and
4 The work was on permanent display at the Museo de Bellas Artes, then Galería
vaporous transitions between line, form, and space. At Tamarind, Gego was de Arte Nacional from 1981 until 2006, when it was removed for conservation,
among other significant artists to participate in the program throughout the and has remained in storage since then.
Chorros are, as their name indicates, rather like streams or waterfalls; the wire
elements are suspended vertically from a support falling to the ground in var-
ious shapes and patterns. Though conceived as individual works, they were
often exhibited as a group, and thus created an environment of sorts. This was
the case of the presentation at the Conkright Gallery in Caracas, in 1971. They
had previously been exhibited at Betty Parson’s gallery in New York, earlier
that year, but installed against the wall creating a perimetral mural-like instal-
lation. Gego’s survey exhibition at the Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas in
1977, also featured a group installation of Chorros, placed in the vicinity of
other works such as Esferas [Spheres], and the smaller Reticulárea works.
The later Dibujos sin papel [Drawings without Paper] (1976-88), mark another
turning point in her production. These sculptures are made of wire and small
hardware, such as cables, springs, nails, etc., are meant to hang directly on
the wall, as if drawn on it, or at a small distance from it, making the projected
shadow a part of the work, another drawing, so to speak. These works can be
considered among Gego’s more conceptually complex bodies of work as they
challenge the autonomy of sculpture by subordinating it to the wall and by
ascribing the qualities of drawing to a sculpture. The radicality of their propo-
sition is highlighted by Gego’s humble choice of materials (discarded, often-
times rusted and twisted wire, cable, screws, and buttons), and the intuitive
Gego, Detail of Chorros, 1970. Private collection, Austin. Courtesy Fundación Gego
process of making them, and in their interstitial position between drawing and
sculpture but simultaneously none of these, which defied the prevailing lan-
guage of modernism in the country and its affiliation to an imposed modernity.
The Bichos [Bugs] series, undertaken in the late 1980s, are masses of decon-
structed steel and metal grids representative of a total collapse of structure in
her work. These contorted meshes present a spontaneity born directly from
the artist’s hand, in which Gego freed herself from form and created organic
configurations that incorporated diverse shapes and textures. The later Bichi-
tos [Small Bugs], small-scale, chaotic assemblages composed of recycled ma-
terial and discarded matter culled from her studio, embody a deformed sculp-
tural corporeality that seamlessly flow between body and space with a hint of
playfulness inherent within their unruly arrangement.
Her last body of work, the Tejeduras [Weavings] (1988-92), consolidates her
interest in weaving, one that had always occupied a prominent place in the
development of her artistic language: in her early drawings she wove with the
drawn line in order to create surfaces, figures, volumes, transparency, and
voids. She created the nets that give form to her Reticuláreas with the woven
wire line. She briefly experimented with textiles, producing a few tapestries
with nylon rope and woven wool. With weaving Gego challenged the tradition
of unrecognized women who created art through textiles, and whose works
until very recently were considered as craft and not recognized as a form of
high art. As her age and frail health progressively precluded her from working
with metal and more rigid materials, she turned to producing these intimate,
small-scale works made from woven strips of paper, using printed images of
44 her own works, pages from magazines and commercial leaflets, as well as pa-
pers from cigarette packets. In this sense, her last body of work, brings togeth-
er some of the formal, structural, and conceptual concerns that had informed
her entire production; through “weaving” she connected architecture, engi-
neering, industrial design and their exploration of surface and structure.
In an interview from 1981 Gego stated the principal goal she sought in her work
was transparency.1 Since then, much critical and popular attention has been
devoted to how her grand Reticulárea exemplifies this intention. However, her
entire practice can be described as a prolonged and sustained exercise in this
respect, seen in every series Gego worked on, from her drawings, prints and
artist books to her well-known wire sculptures and assemblages. Regardless of
medium, Gego’s work destabilizes any straightforward consideration of linear-
ity, space, system, and structure as it was equally informed by her activities in
the studio, the gallery, and the classroom. Her approach was informed by her
view of art as work, perfected through projections and discipline as much as
intuition and rehearsal.
Another critical assessment of Gego’s work has focused on the projected shad-
ows and opacities that it produces. Luis Pérez-Oramas has fiercely argued that
Gego’s mature works are residual, taking form from a process of assembly, with
no clear center or starting point. Opposed to the elimination of shadows in the
Kinetic art of her contemporaries in Venezuela, Gego incorporates them, even
creating a room that embraces the shadow-work and seems infinite for her last
Reticulárea permanent installation in the Galería de Arte Nacional in 1981.3
While the shadow is essential for the consideration of Gego’s work, the trans-
parency she spoke of is equally necessary—each element adding to the appre-
ciation of the work. Yet perhaps the transparency she referred to was one of
merging with, of disappearing into the background or, of extending its presence
1 “Testimonies 7, 8, and 9,” in María Elena Huizi and Josefina Manrique, Sabiduras
and Other Texts by Gego (Houston: ICAA/MFAH/Fundación Gego, 2005), 197.
2 Lourdes Blanco, Gego: Reticulárea (Caracas: Ediciones de la Galería Conkright, 1969), n.p.
3 Luis Pérez-Oramas, La resistencia de las sombras: Alejandro Otero y Gego / The
Gego, 12 módulos triangulares, 1973. Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas.
Shadow’s Resistance: Alejandro Otero and Gego, exh. cat. (Caracas: Colección
Courtesy Fundación Gego
Cisneros, 2005).
and length in another dimension. Many of Gego’s works function as traces of
forms we sense or recognize without knowing or understanding entirely. Her
Tejeduras—her last body of work—reflect this clearly. The woven strips of paper
blend together in the warp and weft of the surface, proving, as Pérez-Oramas
writes, “that the plane on which the image rests is not, and never has, actually
been a plane.”4 This brings into focus the issue of measure or scale, which for
Gego is related to the production of space. In theory, her woven Reticuláreas
could be infinitely expanded, adapting to the room they inhabit. Gego spoke of
her own proclivity towards infiniteness: “The scale of my work is only limited by
the space provided.”5 In this sense, her first Reticulárea at the Museo de Bellas
Artes in Caracas was but one exercise that she would continue to adapt and
rework on many more occasions, and in her works on paint, paper, and wire.
Gego’s architectural training immediately came forth in her first works. She
admitted: “I have never consciously proposed to be an ‘artist.’ My concern and
my work in the visual arts has gradually developed in me through a series of
factors and mainly through my training as an architect.”6 A natural consequence
of her careful consideration of space and the technical training she received in
Stuttgart, Gego began experimenting with parallel lines and abstract forms in
Gego, Selva, 1964. Private collection, Caracas. Courtesy Fundación Gego
1957 with drawings and monotypes. Sometimes drawn free-hand and some-
times with the aid of a ruler, she played with varying the width of a line or stag- invited as early as 1962 to execute a sculpture for the interior patio of the Banco
gering them at different levels, to create an illusion of different planes on paper. Industrial de Venezuela. This would be her first experience of integrating art
50 and architecture, a project being developed as “Síntesis de las artes” [Synthesis 51
These initial exercises on paper were soon translated to heavy iron sculptures, of the Arts] which was developing simultaneously in several Latin-American
welded following the artist’s careful instructions. Gego’s structural forms would countries at the time. Later, from 1968 to 1970, she and partner Gerd Leufert
later be described and analyzed by Hanni Ossott for her 1977 retrospective at designed a mural for the new INCE building, conceived of as an urban devel-
the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo of Caracas. Ossott identifies parallel lines, opment project that incorporated a dialogue between art and architecture.
vertical lines, and triangle- and square-based structures as the starting point
for all Gego’s subsequent three-dimensional constructions.7 The works pro- In Hamburg, where she also studied briefly, Gego had enrolled in several cours-
duced during this phase mark her explorations with abstraction, but also with es with Karl Schmoll von Eisenwerth that were essential for her spatial imagi-
the materials and techniques she had not yet mastered. nation and technical ability to conceptualize and represent the inner structure
of forms as well as shadows to depict depth. Rhythm also seems to have en-
In Venezuela, the modernization project also allowed Gego to take some of tered her vocabulary at this early stage, as she learned to use lines and planes
these forms to grand scales. In the 1950s, the oil boom in the country saw the in her compositions. Gego even took courses in Urban Planning, such as one
construction of ambitious architectural complexes in Caracas, some of which with Heinz Wetzel, focused on practical exercises for laying out a scenario.8
included commissions for public art by local and international artists. Gego was Gego’s lifelong engagement with projects that involved the consideration of
space and the environment reveal an enduring attraction to work in this way.
4 Luis Pérez-Oramas, “Gego, Residual Reticuláreas and Involuntary Modernism:
Shadow, Traces, and Site,” in Mari Carmen Ramírez and Theresa Papanikolas, eds., For example, in 1972, the Simón Bolívar Center commissioned a work for the
Questioning the Line: Gego in Context/Cuestionando la línea. Gego en contexto Parque Central urban complex. Gego designed and installed Cuerdas, a mon-
(Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston/ICAA, 2003), 89.
5 “Testimony 5. Statement,” in María Elena Huizi and Josefina Manrique, Sabiduras and
Other Texts by Gego (Houston: ICAA/MFAH/Fundación Gego, 2005), 177.
6 María Fernanda Palacios, “Conversación con Gego,” in Ideas. Revista de diseño 8 Stefanie Reisinger, “Gego. The Architecture of an Artist,” in Gego. The Architecture
y comunicación visual (Caracas, Venezuela), May 1972, 25. of an Artist, eds. Ulrike Groos, Philip Kurz, Stefanie Reisinger, and Kerstin Thomas
7 Hanni Ossott, “La Obra: espacio de un acontecer,” in Gego (Caracas: Museo (Leipzig: Spector Books, 2022), 15-17.
de Arte Contemporáneo, 1977).
umental work that features ropes that cross the building as parallel lines. Later,
for Gego’s 1977 exhibition in the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, she extended
the ropes into the gallery, which was part of the same complex. The outdoor
work—seen through the windows of the museum—continued in an indoor struc-
ture, where the spectator could observe and perceive this intervention and, as
Ossott also noted, understand their position in relation to the work. This ability
to make the link between objects visible was an integral part of her production.
Gego rejected the idea of sculpture as she felt the traditional parameters es-
tablished by art as a discipline too rigid. In her notebooks, she wrote, “Sculp-
ture: Three-dimensional forms of solid material. NEVER WHAT I DO!”9 In fact,
she most often used the word “structure” to refer to her work instead, and
later, she would use the endearing term “bichos” and “bichitos”, meaning bugs.
While her work has been loosely affiliated with the Kinetic art and Abstract
Geometry movements in Latin America, Gego resisted those categorizations,
even if her work was produced firmly within that milieu.
Her “structures” required a certain projection necessary for her to map out
their composition—as an architect would through drawings or models—but
also a degree of intuition and improvisation. As Mónica Amor has argued, “It
View of Cuerdas, Complejo Urbanístico Parque Central, Centro Simón Bolívar, Caracas, 1972. Photo: José
was through drawing, a medium which, in art as in architecture, is associated
Luis Sanz. Courtesy Archivo Fundación Gego with preliminarity, that she was able to break free from the containment of the
sculptural object.”10 53
Where gravity and mass seem to be precluded from Gego’s constructions, the
line in her drawings carves out space to visualize the inner structure of forms. A
notable departure from this modus operandi are her reticulárea watercolors
from the 1980s, where Gego paints the “negative space”, and leaves thin lines of
the surface blank, thereby inverting the usual distinction between the mark and
the paper’s neutrality. Using pale hues of blue, red, purple, or yellow, the artist
paints triangular shapes that imply her woven wire reticuláreas, yet the “trans-
parent stroke,” the space in between the shapes, is what stands in for the mesh.
Stemming from her best-known work, the Reticulárea environment, the water-
colors deploy the characteristic reticular structure. For Gego, the Reticulárea
was the product of years of investigation to find “purely structural solutions”
that sought the “total elimination of form and volume.”11 As much as this work
stems from geometric principles, its construction is asymmetric and amor-
phous, shifting and adapting to the space. Gego would create six further adap-
tations of the Reticulárea between 1969 and 1982—in Caracas, New York, and
9 “Sabidura 13. Sculpture,” in María Elena Huizi and Josefina Manrique, Sabiduras
and Other Texts by Gego (Houston: ICAA/MFAH/Fundación Gego, 2005), 131.
Exhibition view of Gego, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, Caracas, 1977. Photo: Paolo Gasparini. 10 Mónica Amor, “Another Geometry: Gego’s Reticulárea, 1969-1982,” October, vol. 113
Courtesy Archivo Fundación Gego (Summer, 2005), 105.
11 “Testimony 1. Outline of ideas and interests pursued,” in Sabiduras and Other Texts
by Gego, 153.
Gego, Bicho 88/47, 1988. Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas. Courtesy Fundación Gego
Frankfurt. Each time it adapted to the given space. The works anti-system be-
comes an “‘other’ geometry in which defined form was substituted by flexible
and unpredictable connections.”12 According to Ossott, “a structural system
constitutes for Gego an investigation and an experience, and, once its options
54 are exhausted in a work with a specific result, this work will serve as the start-
ing point for another.”13 After the Reticulárea, Gego continued her research
that led to the creation of her Chorros [Streams], Esferas [Spheres], and Tron-
cos [Trunks], all based on similar structural geometry.
While the Reticulárea prompted new avenues for Gego, her age and physical
condition made it impossible to continue making works on such a grand scale.
This partly inspired her 1976 move towards Dibujos sin papel [Drawings without
Paper]. Made of thin metal wire and discarded materials, they enact a play be-
tween bi-and three-dimensionality: although nominally flat, they occupy space
and cast shadows on walls and floors that add depth. Iris Peruga suggests they
act in the opposite direction to Gego’s initial sculptures. Rather than moving
from paper to space, these are volume first, trace second.14 This “productive
tension” where “the image and the ground of Gego’s drawings and construc-
tions challenge each other in an ambiguous perceptual realm that straddles
flatness and three-dimensionality,” reveals the artist’s lifelong pursuit to reject
the conventions of sculpture such as mass, scale, and volume.15
12 Mónica Amor, “Another Geometry”, 110. Gego, Sin título, 1980. Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas. Courtesy Fundación Gego
13 Hanni Ossott, Gego (Caracas: Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, 1977).
14 Iris Peruga, “Gego: el prodigioso juego de crear,” in Gego: 1955-1990 una selección
(Caracas: Museo de Bellas Artes, 2000), 32.
15 Mari Carmen Ramírez, “Between transparency and the invisible:
Gego’s in between dimensions” in Gego. Between Transparency and the Invisible.
(Houston: The Museum of Fine Arts and Buenos Aires: MALBA, 2006), 22.
The forms of each Dibujo sin papel rely on balance, rhythm, and form, as much
as their association with the projected shadow they cast on the walls. Small hard-
ware percolates through the hung sculptures, punctuating the space that the
wire delineates. Again, the effect here goes against the ideals of kinetic art, as a
perfect and clean machine. They are more related to the artists’ touching, ma-
nipulating, and experiencing each physical element in the process of assembly.
These constant exercises between positive and negative space, two and three
dimensions, paper and wire, are Gego’s visual language. She developed a distinct
yet spontaneous relationship with every medium she selected, always parting
from her technical engineering expertise. Through her exercises in paper, Gego
was able to imagine the trace of each line from multiple points of view, wheth-
er on paper or in space, and where lines combined to create planes that could
56 then become volumes, moving from the paper into reality. Once in the physical
realm, she extended the works’ trace even further through the shadow they
cast. This ethereal presence distinguishes her deeply personal practice that
implies and excites dimensions beyond. Her drawings and prints introduce
temporality through clever juxtapositions, while her constructions range from
stable sculptures that rely on the parallax effect to pliable structures one can
pass-through as if entering built space. Gego’s Tejeduras seem to reflect on her
lifelong play between two-and three-dimensionality and make visible her aware-
ness of the interconnectedness of all elements for the viability of a system.
Gego, Sin título, ca. 1984. Colección Fundación Gego at The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
Courtesy The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Gego con Esfera en hexaedro, ca. 1964. Foto: Ladislao Racz. Cortesía Archivo Fundación Gego
LISTA DE OBRA
LIST OF WORKS
Los Palos Grandes Fensterblick, 1953 Sin título (Tamarind 1843IV) Ocho cuadrados [Eight Squares], 1961 Discos [Discs], 1968 Dibujo sin papel 88/35 Dibujo sin papel 85/7
Guache sobre cartón [Untitled (Tamarind 1843IV)], 1966 Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint] Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] [Drawing without Paper 88/35], 1988 [Drawing without Paper 85/7], ca. 1985
[Gouache on cardboard] Litografía sobre papel 170 x 64 x 60 cm 65.6 x 50.3 cm Hierro, acero, cobre, aluminio, Acero, plástico y cobre
23.9 x 20 cm [Lithograph on paper] The Museum of Modern Art, Nueva Colección Fundación Gego en plástico y pintura [Iron, steel, copper, [Steel, plastic, and copper]
Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas 38 x 29 cm York. Donación de Patricia Phelps de The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston aluminum, plastic, and paint] 70 x 73 x 6 cm
Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas Cisneros a través de The Latin American 35 x 30 x 2 cm Colección Fundación Gego en
Vista de Caracas [View of Caracas], 1953 and Caribbean Fund en honor a Gustavo Sin título [Untitled], 1959 Colección Fundación Gego en The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Acuarela sobre cartulina Sin título (Tamarind 1843III) Rodríguez-Cisneros, 2016 Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
[Watercolor on paperboard] [Untitled (Tamarind 1843III)], 1966 27.9 x 21.5 cm Dibujo sin papel 83/22
17.6 x 22.5 cm Litografía sobre papel Selva [Jungle], 1964 Colección Fundación Gego en Dibujo sin papel 86/15 [Drawing without Paper 83/22], 1983
Colección privada, Austin [Lithograph on paper] Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint] The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston [Drawing without Paper 86/15], 1986 Hierro, cobre, madera y pintura
47 x 32.1 cm 62 x 195 x 99 cm Hierro, cobre, nylon y pintura [Iron, copper, wood, and paint]
Sin título [Untitled], 1954 Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas Colección privada, Caracas Sin título [Untitled], 1960 [Iron, copper, nylon, and paint] 31 x 31 x 8 cm
Acuarela sobre cartulina Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] 84.5 x 42 x 3.5 cm Colección privada, Austin
[Watercolor on paperboard] Sin título (Tamarind 1848B) Esfera en hexaedro 24 x 16.5 cm La Colección Jumex, México
45.5 x 60.9 cm [Untitled (Tamarind 1848B)], 1966 [Sphere in Hexahedron], 1964 Colección Fundación Gego en Dibujo sin papel 88/38
Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas Litografía sobre cartulina Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint] The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Dibujo sin papel [Drawing without Paper 88/38], 1988
[Lithograph on paperboard] 63 x 98 x 98 cm [Drawing without Paper], 1989 Aluminio, cobre y plástico
Sin título [Untitled], 1956 81.4 x 58.7 cm Colección MACBA Sin título [Untitled], 1966 Acero y cobre [Steel and copper] [Aluminum, copper, and plastic]
Caseína sobre cartón Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas Depósito de la Fundación Gego Marcador sobre papel [Felt pen on paper] 102 x 63 x 17.7 cm 16 x 13 x 3.1 cm
[Casein on cardboard] 77 x 56 cm Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas Colección Fundación Gego en
64.1 x 80.5 cm Sin título (Tamarind 1893-1898) Boceto para escultura en el Banco Industrial Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas [Untitled (Tamarind 1893-1898)], 1966 [Model for sculpture Dibujo sin papel 79/6
Litografía sobre cartulina in the Banco Industrial], 1961 Sin título [Untitled], 1968 [Drawing without Paper 79/6], 1979 Dibujo sin papel 76/6
Sin título [Untitled], ca. 1956 [Lithograph on paperboard] Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint] Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] Acero, bronce y hierro [Drawing without Paper 76/6], 1976
Cartón, textil, plástico, corcho, 92.7 x 63.7 cm 119.4 x 12.7 x 20.3 cm 65.3 x 50.6 cm [Steel, bronze, and iron] Acero y cobre [Steel and copper]
celofán y marcador Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas The Ella Fontanals-Cisneros Collection, Colección Fundación Gego en 41 x 34.6 x 1 cm 50.5 x 49.5 x 18 cm
[Cardboard, fabric, plastic, Miami The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Colección MACBA Colección Mercantil, Caracas
cork, cellophane, and felt pen] Sin título (Tamarind 1843V) Depósito de la Fundación Gego
19 x 23.7 x 1.5 cm [Untitled (Tamarind 1843V)], 1966 Sin título [Untitled], 1957 Sin título [Untitled], 1968 Dibujo sin papel
60 Colección Fundación Gego en Litografía sobre cartulina Tinta sobre cartulina [Ink on paperboard] Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] Dibujo sin papel 77/16 [Drawing without Paper], 1985
61
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston [Lithograph on paperboard] 16.8 x 15.9 cm 62.1 x 49.2 cm [Drawing without Paper 77/16], 1977 Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint]
76.4 x 56.3 cm Colección privada, Austin Colección Fundación Gego en Acero [Steel] 63 x 54.5 x 21 cm
Movimiento dinámico Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston 45.1 x 29.8 x 38.1 cm Colección privada, Caracas
[Dynamic Movement], 1960 Sin título [Untitled], 1957 The Ella Fontanals-Cisneros Collection,
Grabado [Etching] 12 círculos concéntricos Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] Dibujo sin papel 87/25 Miami Sin título [Untitled], ca. 1984
38.1 x 28.4 cm [12 Concentric Circles], 1957 25.4 x 15 cm [Drawing without Paper 87/25], 1987 Hierro [Iron]
Colección Fundación Gego en Aluminio y pintura [Aluminum and paint] Colección Fundación Gego en Hierro y cobre [Iron and copper] Dibujo sin papel 87/8 49 x 36.6 x 4 cm
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston 37 x 29 x 24 cm The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston 25.5 x 27 x 0.75 cm [Drawing without Paper 87/8], 1987 Colección Fundación Gego en
Colección privada, Austin Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas Hierro, cobre y pintura The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Sin título [Untitled], 1960 Sin título [Untitled], 1964 [Iron, copper, and paint]
Grabado [Etching] Esfera blanca [White Sphere], 1966 Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] Dibujo sin papel 88/45 150 x 90 x 19 cm Dibujo sin papel 79/18
35.9 x 28.4 cm Hierro, concreto y pintura 52 x 34 cm [Drawing without Paper 88/45], 1988 Colección Fundación Gego en [Drawing without Paper 79/18], 1979
Colección Fundación Gego en [Iron, concrete, and paint] Colección Fundación Gego en Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint] The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Acero y cobre [Steel and copper]
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston 62 x 54 x 44 cm The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston 22.8 x 18.3 x 3.8 cm 37 x 36 x 0.9 cm
Colección privada, Caracas Colección Fundación Gego en Dibujo sin papel 76/2, Colección Fundación Gego en The
Sin título [Untitled], 1960 Sin título [Untitled], 1962 The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston [Drawing without Paper 76/2] 1976 Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Grabado [Etching] Cubo en esfera [Cube in Sphere], 1966 Tinta y acuarela sobre papel Acero, cobre y acrílico
38.1 x 28.6 cm Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint] [Ink and watercolor on paper] Dibujo sin papel 86/7 [Steel, copper, and acrylic] Dibujo sin papel 85/13
Colección privada en 57.4 x 50.5 x 45 cm 85.4 x 61.9 cm [Drawing without Paper 86/7], 1986 62.2 x 90 x 33.7 cm [Drawing without Paper 85/13], 1985
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Colección Mercantil, Caracas Colección privada Acero, aluminio, hierro y cobre Duker Collection, Pasadena, California Acero, hierro, bronce, plástico y pintura
Cortesía de Sicardi | Ayers | Bacino [Steel, aluminum, iron, and copper] [Steel, iron, bronze, plastic, and paint]
Gegofón, 1959 88 x 92 x 3.8 cm Dibujo sin papel 86/14 91.4 x 91.4 x 2.5 cm
Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint] Sin título [Untitled], 1963 Colección Fundación Gego en [Drawing without Paper 86/14], 1986 Colección FEMSA, México
70 x 66 x 60 cm Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Aluminio, acero, hierro y cobre
Duker Collection, Pasadena, California 76 x 55.5 cm [Aluminum, steel, iron, and copper] Dibujo sin papel 78/14
Colección Fundación Gego en Dibujo sin papel 68.5 x 33 x 1 cm [Drawing without Paper 78/14], 1978
Sphere [Esfera], 1959 The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston [Drawing without Paper], ca. 1985 Colección Fundación Gego en Aluminio, hierro y acero
Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint] Hierro y plástico [Iron and plastic] The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston [Aluminum, iron, and steel]
60 x 55.7 x 55.7 cm 25.5 x 25.5 x 2 cm 22.5 x 27.4 x 1.5 cm
The Museum of Modern Art, Nueva York. Colección Fundación Gego en Colección Fundación Gego en
Inter-American Fund, 1960 The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Dibujo sin papel 79/2 Chorro Reticulárea Reticulárea cuadrada Siete icosidodecaedros Tejedura 91/9 [Weaving 91/31], 1991 Tejedura 88/18 [Weaving 88/18], 1988
[Drawing without Paper 79/2], 1979 [Stream Reticulárea], 1988 [Square Reticulárea], 1977 [Seven Icosidodecahedrons], 1977 Papel y cartón [Paper and cardboard] Papel y acetato [Paper and acetate]
Bronce, acero, hilo y hierro Acero [Steel] Acero, cobre, hierro y pintura Acero y cobre [Steel and copper] 33 x 22.1 cm 12.8 x 11 cm
[Bronze, steel, thread, and iron] 200 x 100 x 70 cm [Steel, copper, iron, and paint] 110 x 170 x 85 cm Colección Fundación Gego en Colección Mercantil, Caracas
61.2 x 55.5 x 4 cm Colección Mercantil, Panamá 369.8 x 95 x 95 cm Colección Fundación Gego en The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Colección MACBA Colección MACBA The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Tejedura 89/23 [Weaving 89/23], 1989
Depósito de la Fundación Gego Sin título [Untitled], 1970 Depósito de la Fundación Gego Tejedura 91/32 [Weaving 91/32], 1991 Papel y celofán [Paper and cellophane]
Tinta sobre cartulina [Ink on paperboard] Sin título [Untitled], ca. 1987 Papel [Paper] 31.4 x 22.3 cm
Dibujo sin papel 83/7 65.8 x 50.5 cm 12 módulos triangulares Fibra sintética y madera 29 x 28 cm Colección Mercantil, Caracas
[Drawing without Paper 83/7], 1983 Colección Fundación Gego en [12 Triangular Modules], 1973 [Synthetic fiber and wood] Colección Fundación Gego en
Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint] The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Aluminio, acero y cobre 200 x 201 x 4 cm The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Tejedura 89/22 [Weaving 89/22], 1989
31 x 31 x 6 cm [Aluminum, steel, and copper] Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas Papel [Paper]
Colección Fundación Gego en Sin título [Untitled], 1969 250 x 120 x 95 cm Tejedura 88/10 [Weaving 88/10], 1988 23.9 x 20.5 cm
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas Sin título [Untitled], s.f. Papel, cartulina y celofán Colección Mercantil, Caracas
65.5 x 50.5 cm Hilo sintético, estambre y acero [Paper, paperboard, and cellophane]
Dibujos sin papel 83/13 y 85/21 Colección Fundación Gego en Reticulárea cuadrada 71/9 [Synthetic thread, yarn, and steel] 22.5 x 22.5 cm Bicho 87/10 [Bug 87/10], 1987
[Drawings without Paper 83/13 and 85/21], The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston [Square Reticulárea 71/9], 1971 46 x 6.5 cm Colección Fundación Gego en Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint]
1985 Acero y hierro [Steel and iron] Colección privada, Caracas The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston 66 x 50 x 34 cm
Acero, hierro, aluminio, plástico y pintura Reticulárea, 1969 201.9 x 69.9 x 69.9 cm Colección Mercantil, Caracas
[Steel, iron, aluminum, plastic, and paint] Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] San Francisco Museum of Modern Sin título [Untitled], s.f. Tejedura 88/17 [Weaving 88/17], 1988
128 x 78 x 8 cm 65.5 x 50.5 cm Art. Phyllis C. Wattis Fund for Major Hilo sintético, estambre y acero Papel [Paper] Bicho 87/9 [Bug 87/9], 1987
Colección Mercantil, Caracas Colección Fundación Gego en Accessions [Synthetic thread, yarn, and steel] 18.2 x 19 cm Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint]
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston 49 x 22 cm Colección Fundación Gego en 41 x 65 x 71 cm
Dibujo sin papel 83/18 Chorros [Streams], 1970 Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Colección MACBA
[Drawing without Paper 83/18], 1983 Sin título [Untitled], 1969 Aluminio, hierro y pintura Depósito de la Fundación Gego
Hierro y pintura [Iron and paint] Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] [Aluminum, iron, and paint] Tejedura 91/3 [Weaving 91/3], 1991 Tejedura 90/6 [Weaving 90/6], 1990
35.2 x 31.5 x 1 cm 65.5 x 50 cm Dimensiones variables Papel y cartulina [Paper and paperboard] Cartulina y papel [Paperboard and paper] Bichito 89/29, [Small Bug 89/29] 1989
Colección Fundación Gego en Colección Fundación Gego en Variable dimensions 29.6 x 28 cm 24.5 x 21.2 cm Acero, plástico, hierro, cobre y pintura
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Colección privada, Austin Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas Colección privada en [Steel, plastic, iron, copper, and paint]
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston 8 x 12 x 12 cm
Dibujo sin papel 79/3 Reticulárea, 1969 Tronco no. 5 [Trunk no. 5], 1976 Tejedura 90/30 [Weaving 90/30], 1990 Colección MACBA
[Drawing without Paper 79/3], 1979 Tinta sobre papel [Ink on paper] Acero [Steel] Cartulina [Paperboard] Tejedura 90/65 [Weaving 90/65], 1990 Depósito de la Fundación Gego
Bronce, acero y cobre 65 x 50.2 cm 179 x 73 x 73 cm 35.5 x 27.5 cm Cartulina y papel [Paperboard and paper]
62 [Bronze, steel, and copper] Colección Fundación Gego en Colección privada, Austin Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas 37.5 x 32.9 cm Bichito 87/14 [Small Bug 87/14], 1987
63
33 x 60 x 0.3 cm The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Colección Fundación Gego en Plástico, hierro, acero y cobre
The Ella Fontanals-Cisneros Collection, Tronco no. 8 [Trunk no. 8], 1977 Tejedura 89/16 [Weaving 89/16], 1989 The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston [Plastic, iron, steel, and copper]
Miami Sin título [Untitled], 1980 Acero, bronce y cobre Papel, celofán y cartulina 23.5 x 11 x 18 cm
Acuarela sobre cartulina [Steel, bronze, and copper] [Paper, cellophane, and paperboard] Tejedura 91/31 [Weaving 91/31], 1991 Colección MACBA
Sin título [Untitled], ca. 1969 [Watercolor on paperboard] 150 x 70 x 70 cm 12.3 x 9 cm Cartulina [Paperboard] Depósito de la Fundación Gego
Acero, hierro, nylon y plomo 75 x. 56.5 cm Colección Fundación Gego en The Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas 48.4 x 33.9 cm
[Steel, iron, nylon, and lead] Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Colección MACBA Bicho 91/12 [Bug 91/12], 1991
60 x 50 x 40 cm Tejedura [Weaving], 1990 Depósito de la Fundación Gego Aluminio, papel, hierro, y plástico
The Ella Fontanals-Cisneros Collection, Sin título [Untitled], 1980 Esfera no. 5 [Sphere no. 5], 1977 Cartulina, algodón, aluminio y papel [Aluminum, paper, iron, and plastic]
Miami Acuarela sobre cartulina Acero y cobre [Steel and copper] [Paperboard, thread, aluminum, and paper] Tejedura 91/37 [Weaving 91/37], 1991 147 x 7 x 7 cm
[Watercolor on paperboard] 90 x 80 x 80 cm 12.2 x 12 cm Papel y cartulina [Paper and paperboard] Colección privada en
Sin título [Untitled], ca. 1974 76 x 56.6 cm Colección Fundación Gego en Colección privada, Caracas 21 x 28.3 cm The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Acero y cobre [Steel and copper] Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Colección MACBA
166 x 19 x 19 cm Tejedura 91/30 [Weaving 91/30], 1991 Depósito de la Fundación Gego Bicho 88/46 [Bug 88/46], 1988
Colección Fundación Gego en Sin título [Untitled], 1981 Esfera no. 2 [Sphere no. 2], 1976 Papel y cartulina [Paper and paperboard] Cartón, plástico y acero
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Acuarela y tinta sobre cartulina Acero [Steel] 20 x 20.1 cm Tejedura 91/15 [Weaving 91/15], 1991 [Cardboard, plastic, and steel]
[Watercolor and ink on paperboard] 103x 103 x 103 cm Colección privada, Austin Papel y cartulina [Paper and paperboard] 10 x 21.2 x 3.6 cm
Reticulárea individual n.º 2 27.3 x 24.5 cm Colección Mercantil, Panamá 26 x 26 cm Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas
[Individual Reticulárea number 2], 1969 Colección privada, Caracas Tejedura 91/11 [Weaving 91/11], 1991 Colección MACBA
Acero, aluminio y hierro Sin título [Untitled], ca. 1976 Papel y cartulina [Paper and paperboard] Depósito de la Fundación Gego Bicho 88/47 [Bug 88/47], 1988
[Steel, aluminum, and iron] Sin título [Untitled],1980 Acero y cobre [Steel and copper] 28.2 x 20 cm Cartón, plástico y acero
263 x 79 x 80 cm Acuarela sobre cartulina 37 x 70 x 39 cm Colección Fundación Gego en Tejedura 88/8 [Weaving 88/8], 1988 [Cardboard, plastic, and steel]
Colección Álvaro Sotillo y Gabriela [Watercolor on paperboard] Colección MACBA The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Tarjeta y acetato [Card and acetate] 10 x 22 x 4 cm
Fontanillas de Sotillo 14 x 14 cm Depósito de la Fundación Gego 15.5 x 12.3 cm Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas
Colección privada, Austin Tejedura 91/31 [Weaving 91/31], 1991 Colección MACBA
Reticulárea cuadrada 71/2 Papel y cartulina [Paper and paperboard] Depósito de la Fundación Gego Bichito 89/20 [Small Bug 89/20], 1989
[Square Reticulárea 71/2], 1971-1989 21.7 x 17.7 cm Aluminio, cobre, hierro y pintura
Acero y plástico [Steel and plastic] Colección Fundación Gego en Tejedura 90/32 [Weaving 90/32], 1990 [Aluminum, copper, iron, and paint]
127 x 112 x 22.5 cm The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Papel [Paper] 8 x 22.5 x 5 cm
Colección Fundación Gego, Caracas 30 x 16 cm Colección Fundación Gego en
Colección Mercantil, Caracas The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Bichito 89/25 [Small Bug 89/25], 1989 Juan Downey Gego: Midiendo el infinito
Hierro, acrílico y tela [Iron, acrylic and fabric] (Chile, 1940 – EE.UU., 1993) es organizada por el Museo Jumex,
10.3 x 20 x 20 cm Gego. Video retrato, 1977 Ciudad de México; Solomon R.
Colección Fundación Gego en [Gego. Video Portrait] Guggenheim Museum, Nueva York;
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Video digital (color, audio) y Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis
[Digital video (color, audio)] Chateaubriand—MASP.
Litografía plegada [Folded Lithograph], 1966 21:44 min
Litografía sobre papel. Cartón y tela Archivo Fundación Gego, Caracas La exposición fue desarrollada
[Lithograph on paper. Cardboard and fabric] por Julieta González, directora artística,
21.6 x 248 x 3 cm Carlos Cruz-Diez Instituto Inhotim, Brumadinho, Brasil;
Colección Fundación Gego en (Venezuela, 1923 – Francia, 2019) Geaninne Gutiérrez-Guimarães, curadora
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Movement and Vibration in Space: asociada, Museo Guggenheim Bilbao,
Sculpture by Gego, 1959 y Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and
Líneas [Lines], 1966 [Movimiento y vibración en el espacio: Foundation, Nueva York; Pablo León de
Litografía sobre papel. Cartón e hilo Escultura de Gego] la Barra, curador general, Latinoamérica,
[Lithograph on paper. Cardboard and string] Película transferida a video digital (blanco Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
20.2 x 79.1 cm y negro, sin sonido) and Foundation, Nueva York, y excurador
Colección privada, Austin [Film transferred to digital video (black and adjunto de Arte Latinoamericano,
white, no sound)] Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis
Autobiografía de una línea 10:59 min Chateaubriand—MASP; en colaboración
[Autobiography of a Line], 1965 Archivo Fundación Gego, Caracas con Tanya Barson, excuradora en jefe del
Aguafuerte sobre papel. Cartulina Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona;
[Etching on paper. Paperboard] y Michael Wellen, curador senior, Arte
27 x 145.5 x 0.2 cm Internacional, Tate Modern, Londres.
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
Adquisición del museo financiada Coordinada en el Museo Jumex,
por The Caroline Wiess Law Accessions por Cindy Peña, asistente curatorial.
Endowment Fund