Verbos Yo
Verbos Yo
Verbos Yo
Establezcamos algunas condiciones claves para que puedas usar y expresarte correctamente
con el presente simple:
Ejemplo: You go down this street to the cinema, then you turn right
5. Para transmitir citas, hechos o compromisos que pasarán en un tiempo determinado.
Veamos con cuidado la estructura básica que se utiliza para para la formación de oraciones
afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas según este tiempo verbal. En esta tabla puedes ver
cada uno de sus componentes para entenderlo mejor.
I drink too much coffee I do not drink too much Do I drink too much
coffee coffee?
You drink too much You do not drink too much Do you drink too much
coffee coffee coffee?
He drinks too much He does not drink too much Does he drink too much
coffee coffee coffee?
She drinks too much She does not drink too Does she drink too much
coffee much coffee coffee?
It drinks too much It does not drink too much Does it drink too much
coffee coffee coffee?
We drink too much We do not drink too much Do we drink too much
coffee coffee coffee?
They drink too much They do not drink too much Do they drink too much
coffee coffee coffee?
Para entender mejor el presente simple en inglés, veremos 4 reglas para su uso correcto: en
las dos primeras podremos observar cómo el present simple influye únicamente en la
tercera persona, mientras en la tercera y cuarta reglas se afecta directamente a los sujetos y
las conjugaciones.
Regla 1: En las oraciones afirmativas del present simple a todos los verbos se les adiciona
una -s al final. No olvides que, al encontrarse en oraciones negativas e interrogativas, la -s
no debe ponerse.
Cuando los verbos finalizan en -o, -sh, -ch, -ss, -x y -z debes añadirles -es al final. Por
ejemplo:
To go He goes
To catch He catches
To mix He mixes
Para los verbos finalizados en -y, debes reemplazar la -y por i y luego adicionar -es.
To cry He cries
Existe otra excepción para los verbos terminados en -y. Cuando hay una vocal antes de la -
y, debes conservar esta y adicionar la -s.
To say He says
Regla 2: En la tercera persona, does es el auxiliar que debes usar; sin embargo, do se usa
para la primera y segunda persona del singular y plural.
Oraciones afirmativas
He DOES
She
It
Oraciones negativas
He DOES NOT
She
It
Oraciones interrogativas
DOES he
she
it
Oraciones afirmativas
Pronombre Verbo To be
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
They are
Oraciones negativas
Pronombre Verbo To be
I am not
You are not
He is not
She is not
It is not
We are not
Auxiliar Sujeto
Am I?
Are you?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Are we?
Are they?
Regla 4: Para usar el presente simple con los modal verbs (can, must, may), debes tener en
cuenta que existen dos excepciones.
Incorrecto Correcto
Your dog cans play in this place Your dog can play in this place
She mays past the IELTS test She may past the IELTS test
Negativo Interrogativo
Your dog cannot play in this place Can your dog play in this place?
She may not pass the IELTS test May she pass the IELTS test?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
3. Adelantar hechos, citas, eventos o acciones que ocurrirán en el futuro. Quien habla
debe estar seguro de que ocurrirán.
Como otros tiempos verbales, el presente continuo en inglés cuenta con tres modos:
afirmativo, negativo e interrogativo. En esta tabla puedes encontrar cómo se forma:
A continuación, podrás encontrar una tabla con la que puedes visualizar cómo afecta la
estructura a la conjugación de verbos en presente continuo:
You are listening to You are not listening to Are you listening to
music music music?
He is listening to music He is not listening to music Is he listening to music?
Reglas
Como puedes ver, la terminación dominante en este tiempo verbal es –ing, sin embargo,
cabe subrayar las siguientes reglas para la formación de gerundios en algunos verbos:
No hay que darle muchas vueltas a esto. Todo verbo conjugado en present continuous debe
tener esta terminación.
Regla 4. Los verbos que terminan en doble e conservan esta terminación y agregan al
final –ing.
Excepciones
Stative verbs
Remember Involve
(recordar) (involucrar)
Understand Matter
(entender) (importar)
Own (tener)
Possess
(poseer)
Pero hay casos especiales cuya conjugación en presente continuo depende del significado.
En esta tabla puedes conocerlos:
STATE VERBS
Los stative verbs o state verbs en inglés (verbos estáticos o verbos de estado)son verbos
que expresan estados y no acciones. Por ejemplo: be (ser o
estar), have (tener), know (saber).
Los stative verbs sirven para expresar opiniones, sentimientos y emociones, gustos y
creencias. Expresan estados y condiciones permanentes. No describen movimiento,
cambios o procesos. Es por eso que no se pueden utilizar en tiempos verbales continuos.
Por ejemplo: I believe in God. / Creo en Dios. (Y no: I am believing in God).
Usos de los stative verbs
Los stative o state verbs en inglés pueden expresar:
think mean
pensar significar
believe seem
creer parecer
understand agree
entender estar de acuerdo
know disagree
saber disentir
remember expect
recordar esperar que
forget recognize
olvidar(se) reconocer
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Verbos que expresan gustos y sentimientos
like detest
gustar detestar
love dislike
amar desagradar
adore prefer
adorar preferir
hate need
odiar necesitar
loathe want
aborrecer querer
be have
ser / estar tener
exist belong
existir pertenecer
taste hear
saber a, tener gusto a oír
smell see
oler ver
look weigh
verse, lucir, parecer pesar
seem fit
parecer quedar bien, entrar
resemble cost
parecerse costar
measure consist
medir consistir
PRESENT PERFECT
El present perfect, también conocido como present perfect simple o presente perfecto en
español, es uno de los tiempos verbales del presente en inglés. Su uso correcto es necesario
para expresar vivencias o recuerdos que ocurrieron hace tiempo, pero de los cuales todavía
se guarda memoria o tienen importancia en la actualidad. Gracias a esto, su uso es muy
común y es importante conocerlo a la perfección.
En este artículo encontrarás cuáles son las estructuras, funciones y usos específicos del
presente perfecto en inglés.
El present perfect tiene tres estructuras: afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa, las cuales se
ordenan de la forma que puedes ver en las tablas de abajo, y en las que también puedes
encontrar distintas oraciones con su traducción al español.
Estructura afirmativa
Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Verbo en Complemento Traducción
(have/has) participio
Estructura negativa
Estructura interrogativa
Verbo auxiliar Sujet Verbo en Complemento Traducción
(have/has) o participio
El objetivo de este tiempo verbal es vincular el pasado con el presente. Sin embargo, la
atención recae en el resultado, es decir, lo que ha ocurrido o lo que no ha ocurrido.
I have lived in Veracruz since 1990 (He vivido en Veracruz desde 1990)
She has visited that museum several times (Ella ha visitado ese museo varias veces)
Just (apenas)
Already (ya)
Yet (todavía, ya)
For (desde hace/hace)
Since (desde)
Ever (alguna vez)
How long (cuánto tiempo, cuánto tiempo hace que)
A continuación puedes ver algunos ejemplos del present perfect con estos adjetivos:
The Past Simple Tense is used to refer to actions that were completed in a time period before the
present time. In the Simple Past the process of performing the action is not important. What matters is
that the action was completed in the past. The action may have been in the recent past or a long time
ago.
So let’s start learning the Simple Past Tense – one of the most common tenses in spoken
English – and the points to pay attention to.
The Simple Past is used for actions that started and finished at a specific time in the
past. It’s also possible to use the simple past in a sentence without specifying a time,
but it must have previously been made clear that the speaker is referring to a finished
period.
The Simple Past is used to describe several actions that were completed in the past.
The Simple Past is used to describe a process that started and finished in the past. In
this case, the process of the action is long and is used by specifying time periods such
as ‘the whole year’ or ‘all day’.
The Simple Past can also be used in sentences that describe past habits. These
sentences have the same purpose as the expression ‘used to’. It should be clear in this
kind of sentence that the action referred to is a habit. Time expressions like always,
often, usually and never can be used to underline this.
In affirmative sentences the word order is subject + verb and the form of the verb in the
simple past is the same for all subjects (with the exception of ‘to be’ – was/were).
For example:
To make negative negative sentences in the simple past we use the auxiliary ‘did not’ /
‘didn’t’ and the base form of the verb.
To make questions in the simple past we use ‘did’ in front of the subject and base form of
the verb.
For example:
In order to convert regular verbs from their base form to the simple past form, we add -ed.
For irregular verbs, however, the simple past form doesn’t follow this rule and can vary
significantly and you simply need to learn them by heart. There are many irregular
verbs but below you can find the most common ones that you need to know for daily use.
As you can see from these examples, with most regular verbs we add -ed. When a verb
ends in -e we simply add -d. And when a verb ends in a consonant and -y, we change the -y
to -i and add -ed.
be – was/were
buy – bought
come – came
do – did
eat – ate
find – found
go – went
have – had
leave – left
make – made
pay – paid
see – saw
take – took
tell – told
write – wrote
FIRST CONDITIONAL
We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations we believe are real or
possible.
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
Arsenal will be top of the league if they win.
When I finish work, I'll call you.
In first conditional sentences, the structure is usually: if/when + present simple >> will +
infinitive.
It is also common to use this structure with unless, as long as, as soon as or in case instead
of if.
I'll leave as soon as the babysitter arrives.
I don't want to stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.
I'll give you a key in case I'm not at home.
You can go to the party, as long as you're back by midnight.
Grammar > Verbs > Tenses and time > Present > Present perfect continuous (I have
been working)
from English Grammar Today
she, he, it
has
+ I, you, we, been working.
have
they
(short form)
she, he, it
hasn’t
I, you, we, they
haven’t
We use the present perfect continuous to talk about a finished activity in the recent past.
Using the present perfect continuous focuses on the activity.
We don’t give a specific time. Even though the activity is finished, we can see the result in
the present:
I’ve just been cleaning the car. (The car is wet and clean.)
It’s been snowing. (The ground is covered in snow.)
What have you been buying?
One continuing event
We use the present perfect continuous for a single activity that began at a point in the past
and is still continuing:
I’ve been reading your book – it’s great. (I’m still reading it.)
He’s been living in the village since 1995. (He is still living in the village.)
She has been writing her autobiography since 1987.
We use the present perfect continuous to talk about repeated activities which started at a
particular time in the past and are still continuing up until now:
I’ve been going to Spain on holiday every year since 1987.
I haven’t been eating much lunch lately. I’ve been going to the gym at lunchtimes.
She’s been playing tennis on and off for three years.