Clase 13
Clase 13
Clase 13
Departamento de Matemática.
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Marı́a
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Teorema
Sean f : U ⊆ Rn → Rm , con U abierto y g : V ⊆ Rm → Rp , con V abierto, tales
que f (U) ⊆ V . Suponga que f es diferenciable en a ∈ U y que g es diferenciable
en b = f (a) ∈ V , entonces:
, ,
Teorema
Sean f : U ⊆ Rn → Rm , con U abierto y g : V ⊆ Rm → Rp , con V abierto, tales
que f (U) ⊆ V . Suponga que f es diferenciable en a ∈ U y que g es diferenciable
en b = f (a) ∈ V , entonces:
g ◦ f : U ⊆ Rn → Rp
es diferenciable en a. Además:
, ,
Teorema
Sean f : U ⊆ Rn → Rm , con U abierto y g : V ⊆ Rm → Rp , con V abierto, tales
que f (U) ⊆ V . Suponga que f es diferenciable en a ∈ U y que g es diferenciable
en b = f (a) ∈ V , entonces:
g ◦ f : U ⊆ Rn → Rp
es diferenciable en a. Además:
, ,
, ,
Observación
Supongamos que z = g (f (x)) e y = f (x), con b = f (a), entonces la regla de la
cadena en términos de las matrices jacobianas queda en la forma:
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∂z1 ∂z1 ∂z1 ∂y1 ∂y1 ∂y1
(b) (b) ··· (b) (a) (a) ··· (a)
∂y1 ∂y2 ∂ym ∂x1 ∂x2 ∂xn
∂z2 ∂z2 ∂z2 ∂y2 ∂y2 ∂y2
···
(b) (b) (b)
(a) (a) ··· (a)
∂y1 ∂y2 ∂ym ∂x1 ∂x2 ∂x2
=
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
. .
. . . . . .
∂zp ∂zp ∂zp ∂ym ∂ym ∂ym
(b) (b) · · · (b) (a) (a) · · · (a)
∂y1 ∂y2 ∂ym ∂x1 ∂x2 ∂xn
, ,
∂z1 ∂z1 ∂z1 ∂y1 ∂y1 ∂y1
(b) (b) ··· (b) (a) (a) ··· (a)
∂y1 ∂y2 ∂ym ∂x1 ∂x2 ∂xn
∂z2 ∂z2 ∂z2 ∂y2 ∂y2 ∂y2
···
(b) (b) (b)
(a) (a) ··· (a)
∂y1 ∂y2 ∂ym ∂x1 ∂x2 ∂x2
=
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
. .
. . . . . .
∂zp ∂zp ∂zp ∂ym ∂ym ∂ym
(b) (b) · · · (b) (a) (a) · · · (a)
∂y1 ∂y2 ∂ym ∂x1 ∂x2 ∂xn
m
!
X ∂zi ∂yk
= (b) (a) ∈ Mp×n (R)
∂yk ∂xj
k=1 i×j
, ,
, ,
para i = 1, 2, . . . , p y j = 1, 2, . . . , n.
, ,
, ,
, ,
F (x, y , z) = (g ◦ f ) (x, y , z)
, ,
F (x, y , z) = (g ◦ f ) (x, y , z)
, ,
F (x, y , z) = (g ◦ f ) (x, y , z)
DF (x, y , z) =
, ,
F (x, y , z) = (g ◦ f ) (x, y , z)
, ,
F (x, y , z) = (g ◦ f ) (x, y , z)
∂g ∂g ∂g
= ·
∂u ∂v ∂w
, ,
F (x, y , z) = (g ◦ f ) (x, y , z)
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂g ∂g ∂g ∂v ∂v ∂v
= ·
∂u ∂v ∂w
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂w ∂w ∂w
∂x ∂y ∂z
, ,
F (x, y , z) = (g ◦ f ) (x, y , z)
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂g ∂g ∂g ∂v ∂v ∂v
= ·
∂u ∂v ∂w
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂w ∂w ∂w
∂x ∂y ∂z
Ası́, se tiene que:
, ,
F (x, y , z) = (g ◦ f ) (x, y , z)
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂g ∂g ∂g ∂v ∂v ∂v
= ·
∂u ∂v ∂w
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂w ∂w ∂w
∂x ∂y ∂z
Ası́, se tiene que:
∂F
=
∂x
, ,
F (x, y , z) = (g ◦ f ) (x, y , z)
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂g ∂g ∂g ∂v ∂v ∂v
= ·
∂u ∂v ∂w
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂w ∂w ∂w
∂x ∂y ∂z
Ası́, se tiene que:
∂F ∂g ∂u ∂g ∂v ∂g ∂w
= + +
∂x ∂u ∂x ∂v ∂x ∂w ∂x
, ,
Pruebe que:
∂w ∂w
(1, 0) + (1, 0) = 10e
∂s ∂t
, ,
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, ,
∂w
(s, t) =
∂s
, ,
∂w ∂w 2 ∂x
(s, t) = s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂s ∂x ∂s
, ,
∂w ∂w 2 ∂x
(s, t) = s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂s ∂x ∂s
∂w 2 ∂y
+ s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂y ∂s
∂w 2 ∂y
+ s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂y ∂s
y
, ,
∂w ∂w 2 ∂x
(s, t) = s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂s ∂x ∂s
∂w 2 ∂y
+ s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂y ∂s
∂w 2 ∂y
+ s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂y ∂s
y
∂w
(s, t) =
∂t
, ,
∂w ∂w 2 ∂x
(s, t) = s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂s ∂x ∂s
∂w 2 ∂y
+ s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂y ∂s
∂w 2 ∂y
+ s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂y ∂s
y
∂w ∂w 2 ∂x
(s, t) = s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂t ∂x ∂t
, ,
∂w ∂w 2 ∂x
(s, t) = s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂s ∂x ∂s
∂w 2 ∂y
+ s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂y ∂s
∂w 2 ∂y
+ s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂y ∂s
y
∂w ∂w 2 ∂x
(s, t) = s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂t ∂x ∂t
∂w 2 ∂y
+ s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂y ∂t
∂w 2 ∂y
+ s − t 2, s 2 + t 2, s + t (s, t)
∂y ∂t
, ,
, ,
∂w
(1, 0) =
∂s
, ,
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s ∂z ∂s
, ,
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s ∂z ∂s
∂w
(1, 0) =
∂t
, ,
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s ∂z ∂s
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t ∂z ∂t
, ,
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s ∂z ∂s
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t ∂z ∂t
note que
, ,
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s ∂z ∂s
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t ∂z ∂t
note que
∂w
3x 2 ye z
(x, y , z) =
∂x
∂w
x 3e z
(x, y , z) =
∂y
∂w
x 3 ye z
(x, y , z) =
∂z
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, ,
, ,
, ,
∂w
(1, 0) =
∂t
, ,
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t ∂z ∂t
, ,
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t ∂z ∂t
=
, ,
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t ∂z ∂t
= (3e) (0) + (e) (0) + (e) (1)
, ,
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t ∂z ∂t
= (3e) (0) + (e) (0) + (e) (1)
=
, ,
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y ∂w ∂z
(1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0) + (1, 1, 1) (1, 0
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t ∂z ∂t
= (3e) (0) + (e) (0) + (e) (1)
= e
, ,
, ,
, ,