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EAI Endorsed Transactions on Wireless Spectrum is an open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal focused on both theoretical contributions (including new models, architectures, protocols, tools, concepts, and analyses) and practical contributions (including new techniques, prototypes, deployment, system experiments, and new applications). The journal publishes research articles, review articles, commentaries, editorials, technical articles, and short communications with a triannual frequency. Authors are not charged for article submission and processing.

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zhenyu Na

The EAI Transactions on Wireless Spectrum (TWS) is a scholarly archival journal committed to the timely publication of high-quality manuscripts on advancing the science and engineering of wireless radio spectrum.

TWS seeks the state-of-the-art research on both theoretical contributions (including new models, architectures, protocols, tools, concepts, and analyses) and practical contributions (including new techniques, prototypes, deployment, system experiments, and new applications). All submissions will go through a rigorous peer-review process.

The general scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • Spectrum sensing algorithm and white space modeling
  • Spectrum sharing architecture and mechanism
  • Spectrum-efficient design
  • Dynamic spectrum management
  • Spectrum pricing, auction and trading a
  • Game theory for dynamic spectrum access
  • Spectrum mobility control
  • Reconfigurable wireless platforms
  • Medium access control design for cognitive radio networks
  • Spectrum agile and adaptive routing
  • Security of wireless systems in the context of spectrum sharing
  • Interference analysis, measurements and statistical models of spectrum usage
  • Coexistence with legacy wireless systems
  • Novel radio architectures and antennas
  • Simulation tools, testbeds, hardware and software prototypes
  • Regulation and standardization.
  • Alhussein Abouzeid (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA)
  • Al-Sakib Khan Pathan (southeast University, Bangladesh)
  • Danijela Cabric (University of California, Los Angeles, USA)
  • Changlong Chen (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, USA)
  • Kaushik Chowdhury (Northeastern University, USA)
  • Lingyang Song (Peking University, China)
  • Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto (University of Rome, Italy)
  • Qun Li (College of William & Mary, USA)
  • Rajarathnam Chandramouli (Stevens Institute of Technology, USA)
  • Rui Zhang (National University of Singapore, Singapore)
  • Shree Krishna Sharma (University of Luxembourg)
  • Shuguang Cui (Texas A&M University, USA)
  • Tommaso Melodia (State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, USA)
  • Walid Saad (University of Miami, USA)
  • Wei Chen (Tsinghua University, China)
  • Xianbin Wang (University of Western Ontario, Canada)
  • Yaser Jararweh (Jordan University of Science and Technology)

Zhenyu Na1

Zhenyu Na, received the B.S. degree and the M.S. degree in Communication Engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology, China, in 2004 and 2007, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in Information and Communication Engineering from the Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, in 2010. He is an associate professor with the School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, China, where he has become a faculty member since 2010. As the principal investigator, he has charged five national and provincial science foundation projects. So far, he has published more than forty journal papers with with highly cited papers in WoS and earned 4 best paper awards of international conferences. His research interests include satellite communications and networking, UAV communications, NOMA, wireless powered communications, and mobile ad hoc networks.


1: Dalian Maritime University, China

  • Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Rural Area Networks

    Appears in:
    ws 20(13): e6

    Authors:
    Alexandre Matos, Luciano Mendes, Marja Matinmikko-Blue, Johanna Vartiainen, Harri Saarnisaari, Heikki Karvonen

    Published:
    7th Apr 2020

    Abstract:
    Remote and rural areas are a challenge to deploy cost-efficient connectivity solutions. 5G technology needs lower frequencies, which calls for spectrum sharing for local networks. Spectrum sensing could complement traditional database approach for spectrum sharing in these areas. This paper studies a windowing based (WIBA) blind spectrum sensing method and compares its performance to a localization algorithm based on double-thresholding (LAD). Both methods are based on energy detection and can be used in any band for detecting rather narrowband signals. Probabilities of detection and false alarm, relative mean square error, number of detected signals and detection distances were evaluated in multipath, multi-signal and rural area channel conditions. The simulation results show tha the WIBA method is suitable for 5G remote areas, due to its good detection performance in low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) with low complexity. Results also show importance of the detection window selection.

  • Analysis of RAN Slicing for Cellular V2X and Mobile Broadband Services Based on Reinforcement Learning

    Appears in:
    ws 20(13): e5

    Authors:
    Haider Daami R. Albonda, J. Pérez-Romero

    Published:
    25th Mar 2020

    Abstract:
    Radio Access Network (RAN) slicing is one of the key enablers to provide the design flexibility and enable 5G system to support heterogeneous services over a common platform (i.e., by creating a customized slice for each service). In this regard, this paper provides an analysis of a Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based RAN slicing strategy for a heterogeneous network with two generic services of 5G, namely enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X). In particular, this paper investigates the RAN slicing by evaluating the proposed scheme under different algorithm configurations (i.e., number of actions of RL) and parameters in order to analyze the performance in terms of metrics such as RL convergence time and to demonstrate the capability of the algorithm to perform an efficient allocation of resources among slices. In addition, this study compares the results obtained by the proposed solution to those obtained with a Proportional Scheme.

  • Use of tactical radio operator’s vital signs as context information for dynamic spectrum management within MANETs

    Appears in:
    ws 20(13): e4

    Authors:
    Krzysztof Parobczak, Michał Ciołek, Piotr Gajewski, Joanna Głowacka, Jarosław Wojtuń

    Published:
    13rd Mar 2020

    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: The Authors present a new approach to a method of dynamic spectrum management for military mobile ad hoc network. They propose that data concerning vital signs of tactical radio operators be used as context information for spectrum management. If the operator’s inability to operate and protect the tactical radio is identified, actions (remote control of radio) are taken with the aim to release spectrum resources which used by the radio. Additionally, in this case remote control of radio allows switch the radio to modes used by search and rescue teams and lock the radio for unauthorized person. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was use vital signs of tactical radio operator’s as context information for dynamic spectrum management within MANET. METHODS: Tests for correct detection of vital signs were carried out for data generated on a Hal S3201 adult patient simulator. Hypotheses about radio operator's vital signs were verified by means of a belief function defined in DempsterShafer theory. RESULTS: Loss vital signs by the operator allows to remote turn off his/her tactical radio while allocating more resources to other network users, which allow increasing data throughput. CONCLUSION: Monitoring vital signs of a tactical radio operator enables detecting combat readiness loss which results in inability to protect communications and can be used in spectrum management mechanisms.

  • On Performance Improvement of Centroid Topology Optimization Schemes in LTE Networks

    Appears in:
    ws 19(13): e3

    Authors:
    Yalong Wu, Jin Zhang, Chao Lu, Wei Yu, James Nguyen, Daniel Ku

    Published:
    2nd Jul 2019

    Abstract:
    In Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, centroid topology optimization (CTO)-based schemes have been widely used to construct network topologies such that overall network performance is improved. In this paper, we systematically analyze CTO-based schemes and develop new schemes to improve network performance by reconnecting disconnected devices. First, we conduct an investigation of CTO-based schemes to understand their limitations. Then, we propose two schemes, called the Power Control-based scheme and Femto Relaybased scheme, to overcome this limitation in LTE networks, in which CTO-based schemes are implemented. Via intensive performance evaluation using NS3, we validate the effectiveness of our proposed schemes towards addressing the limitations of CTO-based schemes. Our results demonstrate an improvement in LTEnetwork performance above both the unoptimized and CTO-based schemes with respect to throughput, delay, delay standard deviation (DSD), etc.

  • Priority Based Routing and Link Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks

    Appears in:
    ws 19(13): e2

    Authors:
    Mitchell Zhou, Peng Jiang, Song Wen

    Published:
    2nd Jul 2019

    Abstract:
    To address the challenges caused by the time-varying rate requirement for multimedia communication sessions, we propose a Priority Based Routing and link Scheduling (PBRS) scheme for multi-hop cognitive radio networks. The objective is to minimize disruption to communication sessions due to channel switching as well as to minimize network resource consumption for multimedia applications based on a prioritized routing and resource allocation scheme. PBRS includes a priority based optimization formulation and an efficient algorithm to solve the problem. The main idea is to allocate the available resource to different types of services with their Quality of Experience (QoE) expectation as well as maintain a priority service queue. Services with higher priority such video conference with cognitive radio expects a lower latency during the communication, whereas services with lower priority such as file transferring could tolerate more interruptions. Based on the different QoE requirements of services, PBRS will decide whether or not to change the routing and link scheduling. If a session has a higher priority than the others, PBRS will maintain its routes, channels, and links to the next timeslot as long as the total white space resource is enough to support all sessions. This eliminates unnecessary channel switching due to rescheduling. Simulation results demonstrate that PBRS effectively reduces channel switching and hence reduce disruption to communication sessions.

  • Towards to Inter-domain Network Operations for Dynamic Networks with Software Defined Networking (SDN)

    Appears in:
    ws 19(13): e1

    Authors:
    James Nguyen, Wei Yu

    Published:
    7th Feb 2019

    Abstract:
    In this paper, we introduce an Software Defined Networking (SDN)-based approach to support the network operations of heterogeneous hierarchical multi-domain Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Our approach offers several capabilities, including seamlessly interconnecting heterogeneous MANETs, reducing routing decision loads of gateway routers, and managing end-devices at the network edge from the Network Operation Center (NOC) with our SDN Proxy Protocol. To assess the feasibility of our proposed approach, we setup an emulation environment, and implement our designed system via the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), additionally integrating OLSRv2, OSPF-MDR, Babel, and others. Based on a set of designed test scenarios, we then carry out an extensive performance evaluation of our approach. Our experimental results show significant network performance improvements at the gateway routers. The SDN Proxy Protocol also outperforms the traditional CoAP-to-CoAP communication when network instability exists.

  • A Cross-Domain Optimization Scheme for MANET Communications in Heterogeneous Networks

    Appears in:
    ws 17(12): e3

    Authors:
    Daniel Ku, James Nguyen, Fang Yuan, Jin Zhang, Yalong Wu, Chao Lu, Wei Yu

    Published:
    12nd Dec 2017

    Abstract:
    In this paper, we propose a cross-domain optimization (CDO) scheme, which optimizes the MANET topology and enables communication between multiple MANETs via LTE. Particularly, we first deploy a gateway to the center of gravity of all nodes in each MANET so that the network topology is optimized. Thus, the aggregation cost of intra-MANET traffic in the gateway is improved. Likewise, we then deploy an eNodeB in the center of gravity of all gateways to establish communication connections between multiple MANETs via LTE. Then, the aggregation cost of inter-MANET traffic at eNodeBs can be largely reduced because of the minimization of the distances between eNodeBs and gateways, along with a significant performance improvement of inter-MANET communications owing to the superiority of LTE. Vis extensive simulations, we validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. Our experimental results demonstrate that the CDO scheme can greatly improve network performance. Finally, we discuss some other issues.

  • Licensed Shared Access evolution enables early access to 5G spectrum and novel use cases

    Appears in:
    ws 17(12): e1

    Authors:
    H. Kokkinen, S. Yrjölä

    Published:
    12nd Dec 2017

    Abstract:
    This paper discusses the regulatory and standardization status of the Licensed Shared Access (LSA), compares it with the US Citizens Broadband Radio Service concept, and reviews results from the ongoing feasibility study in the European Telecommunications Standards Institute on temporary spectrum access for local high-quality wireless networks. Based on comparative analysis, a new LSA evolution concept and functional architecture is proposed, and the early results of the world first LSAevo validation are presented. Introduced system architecture can be applied to 3.4-3.8 GHz band so that fragmentation challenges to take the band into 5G use in the European member states can be solved, while ensuring that the communication of the incumbent users, fixed wireless access, fixed links, and satellite earth stations do not experience any harmful interference. In the end-to-end field trial, local high-quality wireless network use case for an industrial automation Micro-operator is validated.

  • Wireless Network Virtualization: Opportunities for Spectrum Sharing in the 3.5GHz Band

    Appears in:
    ws 17(12): e2

    Authors:
    Martin B. H. Weiss, Marcela M. Gomez

    Published:
    12nd Dec 2017

    Abstract:
    In this paper, we evaluate the opportunities that Wireless Network Virtualization (WNV) can bring for spectrum sharing by focusing on the regulatory framework that has been deployed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for the 3.5GHz band. Pairing this regulatory approach with WNV permits us to present a sharing proposal where emphasis is made on increasing resource availability and providing flexible methods for negotiating for resource access. We include an economics framework that aims at presenting an additional perspective on the attainable outcomes of our sharing proposal. We find that by pairing regulatory flexibility with an enabling technology, within an appropriate economics context, we can increase resource access opportunities and enhance current sharing arrangements.

  • Advanced High-order Hidden Bivariate Markov Model Based Spectrum Prediction

    Appears in:
    ws 17(12): e4

    Authors:
    Lina Pu, Yangxiao Zhao, Zhiming Hong, Yu Luo, Guodong Wang

    Published:
    12nd Dec 2017

    Abstract:
    The majority of existing spectrum prediction models in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) don’t fully explore the hidden correlation among adjacent observations. In this paper, we first develop a novel prediction approach termed high-order hidden bivariate Markov model (H2BMM) for a stationary CRN. The proposed H2BMM leverages the advantages of both HBMM and high-order, which applies two dimensional parameters, i.e., hidden process and underlying process, to more accurately describe the channel behavior. In addition, the current channel state is predicted by observing multiple previous states. Afterwards, the mobility of secondary users is fully considered and we propose an advanced approach based on H2BMM, termed Advanced H2BMM, to accommodate a mobile CRN. Extensive simulations are conducted and results verify that the prediction accuracy is significantly improved using the proposed (H2BMM. The Advanced H2BMM is also evaluated with comparison to H2BMM and results show considerable improvements of H2BMM in a mobile environment.

  • A 3D Geometry-based Stochastic Model for 5G Massive MIMO Channels

    Appears in:
    ws 15(4): e5

    Authors:
    Zhongjiang Yan, Bo Li, Yi Xie, Mao Yang, Xiaoya Zuo

    Downloads:
    2432

    Abstract:
    Massive MIMO is one of the most promising technologies for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems. In order to better assess the system performance, it is essential to build a corresponding channel model accurately. In this paper, a three-dimension (3D) two-cylinder regular-shaped geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) for non-isotropic scattering massive MIMO channels is proposed. Based on geometric method, all the scatters are distributed on the surface of a cylinder as equivalent scatters. Non-stationary property is that one antenna has its own visible area of scatters by using a virtual sphere. The proposed channel model is evaluated by comparing with the 3GPP 3D channel model [1]. The statistical properties are investigated. Simulation results show that close agreements are achieved between the characteristics of the proposed channel model and those of the 3GPP channel model, which justify the correctness of the proposed model. The model has advantages such as good applicability.

  • A Cross-Domain Optimization Scheme for MANET Communications in Heterogeneous Networks

    Appears in:
    ws 17(12): e3

    Authors:
    Daniel Ku, James Nguyen, Fang Yuan, Jin Zhang, Yalong Wu, Chao Lu, Wei Yu

    Downloads:
    1717

    Abstract:
    In this paper, we propose a cross-domain optimization (CDO) scheme, which optimizes the MANET topology and enables communication between multiple MANETs via LTE. Particularly, we first deploy a gateway to the center of gravity of all nodes in each MANET so that the network topology is optimized. Thus, the aggregation cost of intra-MANET traffic in the gateway is improved. Likewise, we then deploy an eNodeB in the center of gravity of all gateways to establish communication connections between multiple MANETs via LTE. Then, the aggregation cost of inter-MANET traffic at eNodeBs can be largely reduced because of the minimization of the distances between eNodeBs and gateways, along with a significant performance improvement of inter-MANET communications owing to the superiority of LTE. Vis extensive simulations, we validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. Our experimental results demonstrate that the CDO scheme can greatly improve network performance. Finally, we discuss some other issues.

  • Use of tactical radio operator’s vital signs as context information for dynamic spectrum management within MANETs

    Appears in:
    ws 20(13): e4

    Authors:
    Krzysztof Parobczak, Michał Ciołek, Piotr Gajewski, Joanna Głowacka, Jarosław Wojtuń

    Downloads:
    1695

    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: The Authors present a new approach to a method of dynamic spectrum management for military mobile ad hoc network. They propose that data concerning vital signs of tactical radio operators be used as context information for spectrum management. If the operator’s inability to operate and protect the tactical radio is identified, actions (remote control of radio) are taken with the aim to release spectrum resources which used by the radio. Additionally, in this case remote control of radio allows switch the radio to modes used by search and rescue teams and lock the radio for unauthorized person. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was use vital signs of tactical radio operator’s as context information for dynamic spectrum management within MANET. METHODS: Tests for correct detection of vital signs were carried out for data generated on a Hal S3201 adult patient simulator. Hypotheses about radio operator's vital signs were verified by means of a belief function defined in DempsterShafer theory. RESULTS: Loss vital signs by the operator allows to remote turn off his/her tactical radio while allocating more resources to other network users, which allow increasing data throughput. CONCLUSION: Monitoring vital signs of a tactical radio operator enables detecting combat readiness loss which results in inability to protect communications and can be used in spectrum management mechanisms.

  • Licensed Shared Access evolution enables early access to 5G spectrum and novel use cases

    Appears in:
    ws 17(12): e1

    Authors:
    H. Kokkinen, S. Yrjölä

    Downloads:
    1644

    Abstract:
    This paper discusses the regulatory and standardization status of the Licensed Shared Access (LSA), compares it with the US Citizens Broadband Radio Service concept, and reviews results from the ongoing feasibility study in the European Telecommunications Standards Institute on temporary spectrum access for local high-quality wireless networks. Based on comparative analysis, a new LSA evolution concept and functional architecture is proposed, and the early results of the world first LSAevo validation are presented. Introduced system architecture can be applied to 3.4-3.8 GHz band so that fragmentation challenges to take the band into 5G use in the European member states can be solved, while ensuring that the communication of the incumbent users, fixed wireless access, fixed links, and satellite earth stations do not experience any harmful interference. In the end-to-end field trial, local high-quality wireless network use case for an industrial automation Micro-operator is validated.

  • Joint Mode Selection and Resource Allocation for Downlink Fog Radio Access Networks Supported D2D

    Appears in:
    ws 15(4): e3

    Authors:
    Hsiao-Hwa Chen, Yuanyuan Cheng, Mugen Peng, Xiang Hongyu

    Downloads:
    1586

    Abstract:
    Presented as an innovative paradigm incorporating the cloud computing into radio access network, Cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) have been shown advantageous in curtailing the capital and operating expenditures as well as providing better services to the customers. However, heavy burden on the non-ideal fronthaul limits performances of CRANs. Here we focus on the alleviation of burden on the fronthaul via the edge devices’ caches and propose a fog computing based RAN (F-RAN) architecture with three candidate transmission modes: device to device, local distributed coordination, and global C-RAN. Followed by the proposed simple mode selection scheme, the average energy efficiency (EE) of systems optimization problem considering congestion control is presented. Under the Lyapunov framework, the problem is reformulated as a joint mode selection and resource allocation problem, which can be solved by block coordinate descent method. The mathematical analysis and simulation results validate the benefits of F-RAN and an EE-delay tradeoff can be achieved by the proposed algorithm.

  • Towards to Inter-domain Network Operations for Dynamic Networks with Software Defined Networking (SDN)

    Appears in:
    ws 19(13): e1

    Authors:
    James Nguyen, Wei Yu

    Downloads:
    1581

    Abstract:
    In this paper, we introduce an Software Defined Networking (SDN)-based approach to support the network operations of heterogeneous hierarchical multi-domain Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Our approach offers several capabilities, including seamlessly interconnecting heterogeneous MANETs, reducing routing decision loads of gateway routers, and managing end-devices at the network edge from the Network Operation Center (NOC) with our SDN Proxy Protocol. To assess the feasibility of our proposed approach, we setup an emulation environment, and implement our designed system via the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), additionally integrating OLSRv2, OSPF-MDR, Babel, and others. Based on a set of designed test scenarios, we then carry out an extensive performance evaluation of our approach. Our experimental results show significant network performance improvements at the gateway routers. The SDN Proxy Protocol also outperforms the traditional CoAP-to-CoAP communication when network instability exists.

  • Multiple Access Techniques for Next Generation Wireless: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

    Appears in:
    ws 16(7): e6

    Authors:
    Shree Krishna Sharma, Mohammad Patwary, Symeon Chatzinotas

    Downloads:
    1535

    Abstract:
    The advances in multiple access techniques has been one of the key drivers in moving from one cellular generation to another. Starting from the first generation, several multiple access techniques have been explored in different generations and various emerging multiplexing/multiple access techniques are being investigated for the next generation of cellular networks. In this context, this paper first provides a detailed review on the existing Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) related works. Subsequently, it highlights the main features and the drawbacks of various existing and emerging multiplexing/multiple access techniques. Finally, we propose a novel concept of clustered orthogonal signature division multiple access for the next generation of cellular networks. The proposed concept envisions to employ joint antenna coding in order to enhance the orthogonality of SDMA beams with the objective of enhancing the spectral efficiency of future cellular networks.

  • Activation Force-based Air Pollution Observation Station Clustering

    Appears in:
    ws 15(5): e2

    Authors:
    Weisong Hu, Huanyu Zhou, Hong Yu, Ni Zhang, Di Huang, Jun Guo, Zhanyu Ma

    Downloads:
    1503

    Abstract:
    With huge amount of observed air quality and components data, it is of great challenge to analyze and trace the pollutant diffusion path. Partitioning the air pollution sources (air quality observation stations) into subnetworks will help a lot in tracing the air pollution diffusion path. Conventional air pollution sources clustering methods, which are based on geography or pollutant levels, present weak correlation with pollution transmission links. In order to overcome such problem, a method of air pollution sources clustering via activation force (AF) model is introduced in this paper. We model the connections of the pollution sources by AF so that the relationship among the observation stations and the coincidence of the transmission links can be modeled effectively. With the affinity matrix obtained via AF modeling, we conduct clustering of the air pollution sources via modularity measurement. Compared to K-means clustering method purely, which is based on the air quality index of pollutants, the proposed approach shows several advantages in air pollution network clustering.

  • A Dual-channel Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks

    Appears in:
    ws 15(8): e3

    Authors:
    Eryk Dutkiewicz, Qi Zhang, Rein Vesilo, Sobia Omer

    Downloads:
    1501

    Abstract:
    Wireless Body Area networks (WBANs) interconnect miniaturized nodes with sensor or actuator capabilities in, on, or around a human body. WBANs can operate over a number of different frequency bands. Most WBANs utilize only one of these wireless bands for routing, network access, etc. Fading conditions can result in poor network performance in terms of node energy and throughput. With recent interest in multi-band devices for WBANs such as multi-band antennas and transceivers effective utilization of multiple bands requires an equally effective routing protocol. In this paper we develop a multi-channel extension to the Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol for use in multi-channel WBANs that chooses the next hop channel that has the best Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value. Our extensions to AODV were implemented by modifying the single-band Castalia model built on the OMNeT++ network simulator. We compared our dual channel AODV protocol with RSSI channel selection against a dual channel AODV with random channel selection and single channel AODV. Our simulation experiments showed that in terms of packet delivery dual channel AODV with RSSI performs equally with single channel AODV but with a lower overhead of AODV control packets, better routing stability and slightly better energy per bit efficiency.

  • Cognitive Relay Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

    Appears in:
    ws 15(3): e5

    Authors:
    Mubashir Husain Rehmani, Ayesha Naeem

    Downloads:
    1497

    Abstract:
    Cognitive radio is an emerging technology to deal with the scarcity and requirement of radio spectrum by dynamically assigning spectrum to unlicensed user . This revolutionary technology shifts the paradigm in the wireless system design by all owing unlicensed user the ability to sense, adapt and share the dynamic spectrum. Cognitive radio technology have been applied to different networks and applications ranging from wireless to public saf ety, smart grid, medical, rela y and cellular applications to increase the throughput and spectrum efficiency of the network. Among these applications, cognitive relay networks is one of the application where cognitive radio technology has been applied. Cognitiv e rela y network increases the network throughput by reducing the complete pa th loss and also by ensuring cooper ation among secondary users and cooperation among primary and secondary users. In this paper , our aim is to provide a survey on cognitive relay network. We also provide a detailed review on existing schemes in cognitive relay networks on the basis of relaying protocol, relay cooperation and channel model.
Publisher
EAI
ISSN
2312-6620
Number of Volumes
4
Last Published
2020-04-07
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