The term "Business strategy" generally represents the main direction to where a certain... more The term "Business strategy" generally represents the main direction to where a certain product, company or industry is positioned while the term "marketing tactics" is related to defining the ways to reach strategic aims through the approach to the market. Although it is logical and expected for marketing tactics to follow business strategy, for the reason that these two sets of decisions are made on different levels, in many cases they are not in line with each other. The aim of this research is to identify where has PV industry on European Electricity Markets positioned itself in business strategy and marketing tactics by the usage of the Stratics model developed by Medarac which combines strategic tools like Product Life Cycle, Boston Consulting Group Matrix, Ansoff Matrix and GE/ McKinsey matrix with Extended Marketing Mix as a tactical tool in order to suggest moves which improve the level of coordination of strategy and tactics to reach the aims.
The possibility to coordinate marketing tactics with business strategic decisions is demonstrated... more The possibility to coordinate marketing tactics with business strategic decisions is demonstrated by the Stratics Model developed by Medarac (2014). The model was initially developed to improve this relation on company level. Nevertheless since there are similarities between competitiveness of a certain company on its market and competitiveness of a certain industry on the market where the industry is present, it has been noticed that the main difference comes from the definition of boundary conditions which define the market itself. Similar approach has already been seen by Porter (1980) who used the BCG matrix, which is a tool usually used for range of products within one company, on industrial level. The Statics model has been used by European Commission's Joint Research Centre in order to examine the position of the industry of Photovoltaics (PV) on European Electricity Markets. Methods used in this research were content analysis, as a part of the input data was used from se...
Penetration and deployment of renewable energies in Europe is analyzed on the basis of the latest... more Penetration and deployment of renewable energies in Europe is analyzed on the basis of the latest available data and statistics.
Device-grade ternary Cu–Ga–Se chalcopyrite thin films used for photovoltaic energy conversion hav... more Device-grade ternary Cu–Ga–Se chalcopyrite thin films used for photovoltaic energy conversion have been prepared by a novel chemical close-spaced vapor transport (CCSVT) technique developed for a deposition on areas of up to 10×10cm2. A two-step process has been developed which allows the fine tuning of the film composition and the electronic properties. The extension of deposition times in the two-step
The European Council endorsed at its Meeting in Brussels on 8/9 March 2007 a binding target of a ... more The European Council endorsed at its Meeting in Brussels on 8/9 March 2007 a binding target of a 20% share of renewable energies in the overall EU energy consumption by 2020 and a 10% binding minimum target to be achieved by all Member States for the share of biofuels in overall EU transport petrol and diesel consumption. The 2009 Directive on the "Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources" not only set the mandatory targets for the European Union's Member States, but also drafted a trajectory how to reach the targets for each of them. A total of about 45 GW of new power capacity was constructed in the EU last year1 and 12.5 GW were decommissioned, resulting in 32.5 GW of new net capacity. Solar photovoltaic systems accounted for 16.8 GW, or 37% of the newly installed capacity. Wind moved to the second place with 11.9 GW (26%), followed by10.5 GW (23%) gas fired power stations; 3 GW (7%) MW coal-fired power stations; 1.3 GW (3%) biomass; 833 MW (1.8%) STE a...
Known methods for producing large-surface, integrated thin-film solar modules with an amorphous, ... more Known methods for producing large-surface, integrated thin-film solar modules with an amorphous, poly- or microcrystalline absorber layer always comprise division and conversion structuring processes which can cause instabilities in the structuring and which are relatively expensive. According to the inventive methods, which can be used to produce substrate solar cells (116) and superstrate solar cells, the mask (100) that is used provides for structuring itself during the deposition of layers for the back electrode (106) and the absorber layer (110) through its geometrical form. The use of a mask (110) that can be reused as an independent element after use in this method allows for a relatively free range of possible geometrical forms. This also enables applications inside and outside buildings from an aesthetic and informal point of view, including in the area of a window. These types of applications are also supported by the possibility of a structural connection between the sola...
The Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) is the technology pillar of the EU's energy a... more The Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) is the technology pillar of the EU's energy and climate policy. This report contains assessments of energy technology reference indicators (ETRI) and it is aimed at providing independent and up-to-date cost and performance characteristics of the present and future European energy technology portfolio. It is meant to complement the Technology Map of SETIS. Combined these two reports provide: * techno-economic data projections for the modelling community and policy makers, e.g.: capital and operating costs, and thermal efficiencies and technical lifetimes; * greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumptions; * an overview of the technology, markets, barriers and techno-economic performance; * a useful tool for policymakers for helping to identify future priorities for research, development and demonstration (RD&D); The ETRI report covers the time frame 2010 to 2050. This first version of the report focuses on electricity generation te...
The objective of this paper is to propose a reliable and accurate perspective on key markets and ... more The objective of this paper is to propose a reliable and accurate perspective on key markets and policies related to PV development in 2018 and previously. It aims at offering a clear analysis of how PV markets have developed in 2018, with updated numbers, along with analysis of the policies behind the development. . In this paper are displayed and analyzed survey results for the calendar year 2018 concerning PV markets and policies, as well as other key issues. An increasing number of national markets experienced notable growth in 2018 with impacts on policy development. Figures show that close to 100 GW of PV systems have been installed in the world last year. Consequently, cumulative capacity crossed the 500 GW mark in 2018, or half a TW.
Since 2000 grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems have increased their world-wide cumulative c... more Since 2000 grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems have increased their world-wide cumulative capacity about 200 times to exceed 180 GW at the end of 2014. A further tripling is forecast until 2020 and the further development is coupled with the question at what prices solar photovoltaic electricity can be delivered to the customers.
Materials Research Society symposia proceedings. Materials Research Society
To improve the efficiency of heterostructure solar cells based on chalcopyrite semiconductors a g... more To improve the efficiency of heterostructure solar cells based on chalcopyrite semiconductors a good understanding of the interface properties is crucial. By Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy it is possible to obtain laterally resolved images of the work function of semiconductor surfaces in addition to the topographical information usually obtained by noncontact atomic force microscopy. We studied the CuGaSe2/ZnSe interface prepared by growth of CuGaSe2 onto the (110) face of freshly cleaved ZnSe single crystals using chemical vapor deposition. We observed different work function values for different crystal facets on single CuGaSe2 grains. From the obtained work function data and surface photovoltage measurements a schematic band diagram for the CuGaSe2/ZnSe heterostructure is proposed.
__________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT ZnSe/... more __________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT ZnSe/CuGaSe 2 heterojunctions were prepared by growing CuGaSe 2 absorber layers onto the (110) surface of ZnSe single crystals by flash evaporation method and chemical vapor deposition. The morphology of the absorber layers was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Elemental distribution in the investigated thin films and along heterojunction cross-section was characterized using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. All prepared heterojunctions show high open circuit voltages of 0.92…1.12 V, which slightly depend on the preparation method. Currents through the ZnSe/CuGaSe 2 heterojunctions are limited by the presence of a high resistivity (ρ ~ 10 8 -10 9 Ω cm) i-ZnSe layer at the interface, which is highly compensated by Cu impurities.
Over the last two years, hardware component prices for solar photovoltaic electrical generation s... more Over the last two years, hardware component prices for solar photovoltaic electrical generation systems have decreased by more than 50%. At these levels in sunny regions a PV module offers the cheapest possibility of all to generate DC electricity. For full systems, a simple LCOE analysis has been applied to illustrate the competiveness of PV electricity compared to household electricity in many EU countries. The goal of 20% renewable energy in Europe by 2020 can probably be achieved at lower costs and higher PV share than anticipated in 2010. For households these developments, together with the advent of affordable battery storage, opens a range of possibilities for exploiting PV in an economically feasible way.
These Renewable Energy Snapshots are based on various data providers including grey data sources ... more These Renewable Energy Snapshots are based on various data providers including grey data sources and tries to give an overview about the latest developments and trends in the different technologies. Due to the fact that unconsolidated data are used there is an uncertainty margin which should not be neglected. We have cross checked and validate the different data against each others, but do not take any responsibility about the use of these data.
The swift deployment on a large scale of technologies with a low-carbon footprint in the European... more The swift deployment on a large scale of technologies with a low-carbon footprint in the European energy system is a prerequisite for the transition to a low-carbon society - a key strategic objective of the European Union. A necessary condition for the timely market roll-out of these low-carbon energy technologies is an acceleration of their development and demonstration. This is catalysed by the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) through the streamlining and amplifying of the European human and fi nancial resources dedicated to energy technology innovation. SETIS, the SET-Plan information system, has been supporting SET-Plan from its onset, providing referenced, timely and unbiased information and analyses on the technological and market status and the potential impact of deployment of low-carbon energy technologies, thereby assisting decision makers in identifying future R&D and demonstration priorities which could become focal areas for the SET-Plan.
The term "Business strategy" generally represents the main direction to where a certain... more The term "Business strategy" generally represents the main direction to where a certain product, company or industry is positioned while the term "marketing tactics" is related to defining the ways to reach strategic aims through the approach to the market. Although it is logical and expected for marketing tactics to follow business strategy, for the reason that these two sets of decisions are made on different levels, in many cases they are not in line with each other. The aim of this research is to identify where has PV industry on European Electricity Markets positioned itself in business strategy and marketing tactics by the usage of the Stratics model developed by Medarac which combines strategic tools like Product Life Cycle, Boston Consulting Group Matrix, Ansoff Matrix and GE/ McKinsey matrix with Extended Marketing Mix as a tactical tool in order to suggest moves which improve the level of coordination of strategy and tactics to reach the aims.
The possibility to coordinate marketing tactics with business strategic decisions is demonstrated... more The possibility to coordinate marketing tactics with business strategic decisions is demonstrated by the Stratics Model developed by Medarac (2014). The model was initially developed to improve this relation on company level. Nevertheless since there are similarities between competitiveness of a certain company on its market and competitiveness of a certain industry on the market where the industry is present, it has been noticed that the main difference comes from the definition of boundary conditions which define the market itself. Similar approach has already been seen by Porter (1980) who used the BCG matrix, which is a tool usually used for range of products within one company, on industrial level. The Statics model has been used by European Commission's Joint Research Centre in order to examine the position of the industry of Photovoltaics (PV) on European Electricity Markets. Methods used in this research were content analysis, as a part of the input data was used from se...
Penetration and deployment of renewable energies in Europe is analyzed on the basis of the latest... more Penetration and deployment of renewable energies in Europe is analyzed on the basis of the latest available data and statistics.
Device-grade ternary Cu–Ga–Se chalcopyrite thin films used for photovoltaic energy conversion hav... more Device-grade ternary Cu–Ga–Se chalcopyrite thin films used for photovoltaic energy conversion have been prepared by a novel chemical close-spaced vapor transport (CCSVT) technique developed for a deposition on areas of up to 10×10cm2. A two-step process has been developed which allows the fine tuning of the film composition and the electronic properties. The extension of deposition times in the two-step
The European Council endorsed at its Meeting in Brussels on 8/9 March 2007 a binding target of a ... more The European Council endorsed at its Meeting in Brussels on 8/9 March 2007 a binding target of a 20% share of renewable energies in the overall EU energy consumption by 2020 and a 10% binding minimum target to be achieved by all Member States for the share of biofuels in overall EU transport petrol and diesel consumption. The 2009 Directive on the "Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources" not only set the mandatory targets for the European Union's Member States, but also drafted a trajectory how to reach the targets for each of them. A total of about 45 GW of new power capacity was constructed in the EU last year1 and 12.5 GW were decommissioned, resulting in 32.5 GW of new net capacity. Solar photovoltaic systems accounted for 16.8 GW, or 37% of the newly installed capacity. Wind moved to the second place with 11.9 GW (26%), followed by10.5 GW (23%) gas fired power stations; 3 GW (7%) MW coal-fired power stations; 1.3 GW (3%) biomass; 833 MW (1.8%) STE a...
Known methods for producing large-surface, integrated thin-film solar modules with an amorphous, ... more Known methods for producing large-surface, integrated thin-film solar modules with an amorphous, poly- or microcrystalline absorber layer always comprise division and conversion structuring processes which can cause instabilities in the structuring and which are relatively expensive. According to the inventive methods, which can be used to produce substrate solar cells (116) and superstrate solar cells, the mask (100) that is used provides for structuring itself during the deposition of layers for the back electrode (106) and the absorber layer (110) through its geometrical form. The use of a mask (110) that can be reused as an independent element after use in this method allows for a relatively free range of possible geometrical forms. This also enables applications inside and outside buildings from an aesthetic and informal point of view, including in the area of a window. These types of applications are also supported by the possibility of a structural connection between the sola...
The Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) is the technology pillar of the EU's energy a... more The Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) is the technology pillar of the EU's energy and climate policy. This report contains assessments of energy technology reference indicators (ETRI) and it is aimed at providing independent and up-to-date cost and performance characteristics of the present and future European energy technology portfolio. It is meant to complement the Technology Map of SETIS. Combined these two reports provide: * techno-economic data projections for the modelling community and policy makers, e.g.: capital and operating costs, and thermal efficiencies and technical lifetimes; * greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumptions; * an overview of the technology, markets, barriers and techno-economic performance; * a useful tool for policymakers for helping to identify future priorities for research, development and demonstration (RD&D); The ETRI report covers the time frame 2010 to 2050. This first version of the report focuses on electricity generation te...
The objective of this paper is to propose a reliable and accurate perspective on key markets and ... more The objective of this paper is to propose a reliable and accurate perspective on key markets and policies related to PV development in 2018 and previously. It aims at offering a clear analysis of how PV markets have developed in 2018, with updated numbers, along with analysis of the policies behind the development. . In this paper are displayed and analyzed survey results for the calendar year 2018 concerning PV markets and policies, as well as other key issues. An increasing number of national markets experienced notable growth in 2018 with impacts on policy development. Figures show that close to 100 GW of PV systems have been installed in the world last year. Consequently, cumulative capacity crossed the 500 GW mark in 2018, or half a TW.
Since 2000 grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems have increased their world-wide cumulative c... more Since 2000 grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems have increased their world-wide cumulative capacity about 200 times to exceed 180 GW at the end of 2014. A further tripling is forecast until 2020 and the further development is coupled with the question at what prices solar photovoltaic electricity can be delivered to the customers.
Materials Research Society symposia proceedings. Materials Research Society
To improve the efficiency of heterostructure solar cells based on chalcopyrite semiconductors a g... more To improve the efficiency of heterostructure solar cells based on chalcopyrite semiconductors a good understanding of the interface properties is crucial. By Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy it is possible to obtain laterally resolved images of the work function of semiconductor surfaces in addition to the topographical information usually obtained by noncontact atomic force microscopy. We studied the CuGaSe2/ZnSe interface prepared by growth of CuGaSe2 onto the (110) face of freshly cleaved ZnSe single crystals using chemical vapor deposition. We observed different work function values for different crystal facets on single CuGaSe2 grains. From the obtained work function data and surface photovoltage measurements a schematic band diagram for the CuGaSe2/ZnSe heterostructure is proposed.
__________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT ZnSe/... more __________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT ZnSe/CuGaSe 2 heterojunctions were prepared by growing CuGaSe 2 absorber layers onto the (110) surface of ZnSe single crystals by flash evaporation method and chemical vapor deposition. The morphology of the absorber layers was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Elemental distribution in the investigated thin films and along heterojunction cross-section was characterized using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. All prepared heterojunctions show high open circuit voltages of 0.92…1.12 V, which slightly depend on the preparation method. Currents through the ZnSe/CuGaSe 2 heterojunctions are limited by the presence of a high resistivity (ρ ~ 10 8 -10 9 Ω cm) i-ZnSe layer at the interface, which is highly compensated by Cu impurities.
Over the last two years, hardware component prices for solar photovoltaic electrical generation s... more Over the last two years, hardware component prices for solar photovoltaic electrical generation systems have decreased by more than 50%. At these levels in sunny regions a PV module offers the cheapest possibility of all to generate DC electricity. For full systems, a simple LCOE analysis has been applied to illustrate the competiveness of PV electricity compared to household electricity in many EU countries. The goal of 20% renewable energy in Europe by 2020 can probably be achieved at lower costs and higher PV share than anticipated in 2010. For households these developments, together with the advent of affordable battery storage, opens a range of possibilities for exploiting PV in an economically feasible way.
These Renewable Energy Snapshots are based on various data providers including grey data sources ... more These Renewable Energy Snapshots are based on various data providers including grey data sources and tries to give an overview about the latest developments and trends in the different technologies. Due to the fact that unconsolidated data are used there is an uncertainty margin which should not be neglected. We have cross checked and validate the different data against each others, but do not take any responsibility about the use of these data.
The swift deployment on a large scale of technologies with a low-carbon footprint in the European... more The swift deployment on a large scale of technologies with a low-carbon footprint in the European energy system is a prerequisite for the transition to a low-carbon society - a key strategic objective of the European Union. A necessary condition for the timely market roll-out of these low-carbon energy technologies is an acceleration of their development and demonstration. This is catalysed by the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) through the streamlining and amplifying of the European human and fi nancial resources dedicated to energy technology innovation. SETIS, the SET-Plan information system, has been supporting SET-Plan from its onset, providing referenced, timely and unbiased information and analyses on the technological and market status and the potential impact of deployment of low-carbon energy technologies, thereby assisting decision makers in identifying future R&D and demonstration priorities which could become focal areas for the SET-Plan.
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