Branded drug products are normally expensive than the locally marketed drug products of regional ... more Branded drug products are normally expensive than the locally marketed drug products of regional pharmaceutical companies. Generic substitution is very common in underdeveloped and developing countries including Bangladesh. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare dissolution pattern of locally branded drug products of Ranitidine HCl available in Bangladesh with the innovator brand of Ranitidine HCl (Zantac) marketed by GSK pharmaceutical company. Tablets of six brands of Ranitidine available in Bangladesh as well as Zantac were collected from a reputed pharmacy store in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Six tablets from each of the brands were used for the in-vitro dissolution study. Cumulative drug release was measured up to 50 minutes for all the brands. All the brands were compared with the innovator brand. Differential factor, f1 and similarity factor, f2 were determined. No significant difference was observed during in-vitro drug release pattern of brand A, B, D and F with the innovator brand, whereas brand C and E were significantly different from Zantac . The drug release pattern is not an indicator of drug efficacy in the body. Nevertheless, it is a need to compare drug release pattern of generic brand with the innovator brand. Manufacturer of brand C and E are advised to revise their drug release pattern to be more similar with Zantac .
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Calcium-Vitamin D supplement formulatio... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Calcium-Vitamin D supplement formulations on the dissolution pattern of different Ranitidine Hydrochloride tablet formulations. This was an in-vitro dissolution study using USP apparatus II and UV spectroscopy. Three different brands of Ranitidine hydrochloride i.e. Brand A, Brand B and the innovator brand ‘Zantac®’ were chosen. Besides CS1, CS2 and CS3 were the three Calcium-Vitamin D tablet brands used to carry out the experiments. In our study, all the brands of Ranitidine HCl tablets satisfied the USP requirements by showing dissolution of more than 80% within 60 minutes when tested alone. The dissolution patterns were 98%, 96% and 94% respectively for Brand A, Brand B and ‘Zantac®’. However, their dissolution rates were significantly reduced when they were tested with the Calcium-Vitamin D tablets. With the Brands CS1, CS2 and CS3, the percent drug releases were 50%, 46% and 75% for Brand A, 48%, 49% and 73% for Brand B and 49%, 48% and 72% for ‘Zantac®’. These results may be due to the common ion effects and/or the altered dissolution medium environment. Therefore, this study suggests separate intake of Ranitidine and Calcium supplements to ensure a better therapeutic efficacy.
Mental health is one of the basic and integral parts of health that reflects the psychological st... more Mental health is one of the basic and integral parts of health that reflects the psychological state of a person. Promoting mental health is very important for sustainable development agenda as a disturbed mental health can produce psychological disorders and socio-phobia even with tendency of substance abusing. The aim of the study is to find out the knowledge status regarding the mental health integrity. In this study it was found that about 60% of the population tries to hide it, if s/he is in a mental disturbance whereas 50% don't prefer to spend money to consult with the psychologist to receive the mental status. Moreover, the respondent answered that mental health can bring CNS or CV disease (90%) or highly disturbed mental health can lead to substance abuse. According to the study the most vulnerable population toward mental health problems are the adolescents and the aged people. However, best way to recover mental stability is sharing or personal intervention with sometimes medication therapies. The significant result of the study is that, the main challenge toward mental health stability is to avoid the depression and the depression can start form the family, friends or even from the social media. Thus it is very important to be aware of mental health status as physical health and socioeconomic productivity directly depends on the mental health.
In recent scenario, drugs or medicines are one of the unavoidable parts in our life. After observ... more In recent scenario, drugs or medicines are one of the unavoidable parts in our life. After observing scientifically drugs and medicines are not the same products that we think. In very simple way drug can be defined as any chemical agent that has effect of any biological system like human, animal or plant. On the other hand medicines are those drugs that have healing effect only. So there is a chance of misuse or abuse of drugs whether intentionally or unintentionally. If we recall the global history there's lot of examples or tragedies due to misuse of drugs that resulted psychological disorder, affecting the infants in mother's womb or even death. The Sulfanilamide Disaster of 1937 was one of the examples that took more than 100 lives. Then the name of 'Thalidomide' is unforgettable in the history of medicine. In 1957 one of the most popular drugs was 'Contergan' or chemically known as thalidomide. This drug was mainly used to reduce the morning sickness so it was rapidly used on pregnant women, were suffering from morning sickness. But who knew that drug will introduce the darkest parts of history entitled as " Thalidomide Tragedy ". In this tragedy more than 10,000 children from over 46 countries came to the world with deformities including a very rare disorder called 'phocomelia'. These tragedies were resulted from unsuccessful clinical trials. Time like after 2000 there were many drugs those
It was 1928, when Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist had added a new evolutionary step in me... more It was 1928, when Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist had added a new evolutionary step in medicine development. Yes, it was the year when the " Antibiotic " was discovered first. Alexander Fleming had accidentally isolated some toxic substances from specific fungi named " Penicillium Notatum ". But the surprising matter was that, the toxin was threatening only for the bacteria or pathogens not for the animals.Antibiotic is mainly any chemical substance which kills the bacteria (Bactericidal antibiotic) or resist the multiplication (Bacteriostatic antibiotic). But in broad sense, when the chemical can kill or inhibit not only bacteria rather can act on other pathogens like; fungi, protozoa etc is known antimicrobial. Now before going to the future let's have a look on present. If we look the data of 2012 from WHO (World Health Organization) approximately 56 million people died on that year. And among those people 32% was died from infectious disease. In this infectious disease we can count the malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS as main. And each year these diseases can cause 300 million illness and 5 millions of death. Reason behind all of this infectious disease is the microorganisms or known as pathogens. And the only way to get rid of these pathogens is antibiotics. Once Bangladesh was in a threat of TB (Tuberculosis) and 70,000 deaths were occurred per year in South Asian region till 2006. But the successful antibiotic use made Bangladesh to give a significant result to decline the rate of TB in 2000 to 2013. Antibiotics are needed from normal flu to different kinds of life threatening disease. So it is very simple without antibiotic our survival will be in a big question. Then if we want to know about the future, what is going to be the future of the antibiotics? Yes this is a burning question of modern medical science. And a new term raised " Antibiotic Resistance " a big challenge for human survival. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of the microbes to get resistant of the chemicals. Basically pathogens can do this by mutation on cell wall or in nucleus. Like once penicillin was the evolutionary antibiotic but now it becomes useless and out of work. And day by day the number mutant bacteria are raising and antibiotic are losing the ability to resist the organisms. This resistance can lead the disease to increased recovery time, not significant response or can make no effect on bacteria as a result the death occurs. Once when one strain of bacteria gets resistant it can spread out through environment. And cause of disease which will not responsive to antibiotic. Mainly for two reasons the antibiotic resistance can occur. First, when a patient doesn't complete the total dose of antibiotic therapy. And second the rapid prescribing of antibiotic. It is important to know that more the use of antibiotic in non-systemic way, the more the chance of antibiotic resistance. It is estimated that if the random use of antibiotic is not reduced and the new drug development is not possible then we have to face an era where people will die due to normal flu. Now it is time to take some responsibilities for both community people and physicians. For the patient, time and dose must be followed carefully. And for the physician, prescribing should be done according to the need of the patient. As this issue is rising day by day and we can't think our existence without antibiotic, it is very important to create awareness in the use of antibiotic.
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is mainly microbial infection in respiratory tracts especially ... more Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is mainly microbial infection in respiratory tracts especially in lungs that creates disturbance in normal breathing. In the list of ARIs both the infectious and non infectious disease has taken places. But the matter of worry is majority of the ARIs are infectious, which means it can spread from one person to another through air. According to previous records it has found that the main microbes working behind these ARIs are Adenoviruses, Pneumococcus, and Rhinoviruses. Adenoviruses are the cause of bronchitis where Pneumococcus is the reason of pneumonia and Rhinoviruses can be told the source of common cold. It is true that no one can avoid the bacteria or virus but on the other hand it should be noted that our immune system is always protecting us from these kinds of infectious diseases. So the main reason behind the Acute Respiratory Infection is weak or immature immune system. Normally in an adult human the immune system is enough to defeat the microbial infections but in the case of child and aged person it seems different. As a result Acute Respiratory Infections become one of the major causes of childhood mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. According to the bulletin of World health Organization (WHO) titled 'Incidence of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection during three influenza seasons in Bangladesh,
Probably 'Heart' is the most common synonym that replaces the word 'Love'. Basically heart is a m... more Probably 'Heart' is the most common synonym that replaces the word 'Love'. Basically heart is a muscular organ including four hollow parts that pumps the total blood of body and assures the proper distribution of blood throughout all other organs. A normal heart beats 60 to 100 times per minute and on average if a heart 72 times in a minutes then it pumps about 5 liters of blood in that minute. Notable, heart is the central organ of blood circulation system thus plays the key role to maintain the blood pressure that is 120/80 (120 by 80). According to the report of 2014 of World Health Organization (WHO) 17.5 million people died from heart diseases in 2012, holding 31% of all global deaths. National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh (NHF) confirmed that, survey on heart diseases performed in Bangladesh showed that hypertension in adult population is near by 20-25%, other hand Ischaemic Heart Disease counts the 10%, where Rheumatic Heart Disease 0.12% and Congenital Heart Disease 8 per thousand new in born babies were found. A very notable point is that the increasing death rate due to cardiovascular disease from 1986-2006 made the death rate 30 folds more than the previous one. These all points ranked the Coronary Heart Disease at the 5th position and Hypertension at 9th in the top 10 causes of death in Bangladesh; this ranked was done by the
Tunza Eco-Generation is the international networking platform for the dynamic environmental leade... more Tunza Eco-Generation is the international networking platform for the dynamic environmental leaders, which is a joint initiative of UNEP and Samsung engineering. The ultimate goal of this platform is to engage the youth change makers from all over the world to make a green world without any pollution and to assure a safe life for the future.
Science and technology have done much to improve health in recent generations, but Omer Fayshal P... more Science and technology have done much to improve health in recent generations, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, argues that new threats to public health have risen and need to be addressed. Student of East West University Pharmacy Department t is the 21 th century, the era of science. Technology has made our lives more easy and meaningful, with a future full of advancement.
Fast food seems like a necessary convenience for the busy student, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a ... more Fast food seems like a necessary convenience for the busy student, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, argues that consistently making the wrong food choices can have long term and devastating impact. Student of East West University Pharmacy Department
When people are dealing with the Zika issue, another emergence took the concern of global health ... more When people are dealing with the Zika issue, another emergence took the concern of global health agencies, a hemorrhagic fever like Ebola but spreads by the mosquito bites like zika. In 31th of August, 2016 a 4 hour long emergency meeting took place by the Emergency Committee (EC) regarding Yellow Fever, World Health Organization (WHO) and highlighted as an emergency issue. Yellow fever is not new issue to history of public health. The incidence of Philadelphia in 1793 can't be ignored where 5,000 people were officially registered as victim who lost their lives and more than 20,000 people left the place to save their future. Time took for this incidence was less than 4 months. It was the first officially recorder incidence of this fever. Then the British soldiers of Haiti in the 1790s, in Virginia (1855) where 3000 people were killed, the death of 20,000 people in Mississippi Valley in early 1878 all of these indicates that Yellow fever is not a very recent issue. People are dealing with this more than 200 years. Yellow fever is called acute and systemic hemorrhagic fever as it shows the symptom rapidly (acute) and does affect the whole body through blood circulation (systemic). This occurs by a RNA virus named Flavivirus, which is carried by the vector (affected) mosquitoes. In some patients this disease causes jaundice thus called yellow. The most notable point is yellow fever neither have any individual symptom nor any strong
Science and technology have done much to improve health in recent generations, but Omer Fayshal P... more Science and technology have done much to improve health in recent generations, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, argues that new threats to public health have risen and need to be addressed. Student of East West University Pharmacy Department t is the 21 th century, the era of science. Technology has made our lives more easy and meaningful, with a future full of advancement.
Fast food seems like a necessary convenience for the busy student, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a ... more Fast food seems like a necessary convenience for the busy student, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, argues that consistently making the wrong food choices can have long term and devastating impact. Student of East West University Pharmacy Department
Hepatitis attacks the liver, an organ that is essential to good health. Omer Fayshal Pavel, East ... more Hepatitis attacks the liver, an organ that is essential to good health. Omer Fayshal Pavel, East West University, 23, a Commonwealth Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, looks at some of the causes of hepatitis and ways to prevent or battle the condition. Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection. It can affect a significant number of the mass population. Besides the viral infections, other possible causes of hepatitis include misusing drugs, exposure to toxins, excessive alcohol consumption
Branded drug products are normally expensive than the locally marketed drug products of regional ... more Branded drug products are normally expensive than the locally marketed drug products of regional pharmaceutical companies. Generic substitution is very common in underdeveloped and developing countries including Bangladesh. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare dissolution pattern of locally branded drug products of Ranitidine HCl available in Bangladesh with the innovator brand of Ranitidine HCl (Zantac) marketed by GSK pharmaceutical company. Tablets of six brands of Ranitidine available in Bangladesh as well as Zantac were collected from a reputed pharmacy store in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Six tablets from each of the brands were used for the in-vitro dissolution study. Cumulative drug release was measured up to 50 minutes for all the brands. All the brands were compared with the innovator brand. Differential factor, f1 and similarity factor, f2 were determined. No significant difference was observed during in-vitro drug release pattern of brand A, B, D and F with the innovator brand, whereas brand C and E were significantly different from Zantac . The drug release pattern is not an indicator of drug efficacy in the body. Nevertheless, it is a need to compare drug release pattern of generic brand with the innovator brand. Manufacturer of brand C and E are advised to revise their drug release pattern to be more similar with Zantac .
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Calcium-Vitamin D supplement formulatio... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Calcium-Vitamin D supplement formulations on the dissolution pattern of different Ranitidine Hydrochloride tablet formulations. This was an in-vitro dissolution study using USP apparatus II and UV spectroscopy. Three different brands of Ranitidine hydrochloride i.e. Brand A, Brand B and the innovator brand ‘Zantac®’ were chosen. Besides CS1, CS2 and CS3 were the three Calcium-Vitamin D tablet brands used to carry out the experiments. In our study, all the brands of Ranitidine HCl tablets satisfied the USP requirements by showing dissolution of more than 80% within 60 minutes when tested alone. The dissolution patterns were 98%, 96% and 94% respectively for Brand A, Brand B and ‘Zantac®’. However, their dissolution rates were significantly reduced when they were tested with the Calcium-Vitamin D tablets. With the Brands CS1, CS2 and CS3, the percent drug releases were 50%, 46% and 75% for Brand A, 48%, 49% and 73% for Brand B and 49%, 48% and 72% for ‘Zantac®’. These results may be due to the common ion effects and/or the altered dissolution medium environment. Therefore, this study suggests separate intake of Ranitidine and Calcium supplements to ensure a better therapeutic efficacy.
Mental health is one of the basic and integral parts of health that reflects the psychological st... more Mental health is one of the basic and integral parts of health that reflects the psychological state of a person. Promoting mental health is very important for sustainable development agenda as a disturbed mental health can produce psychological disorders and socio-phobia even with tendency of substance abusing. The aim of the study is to find out the knowledge status regarding the mental health integrity. In this study it was found that about 60% of the population tries to hide it, if s/he is in a mental disturbance whereas 50% don't prefer to spend money to consult with the psychologist to receive the mental status. Moreover, the respondent answered that mental health can bring CNS or CV disease (90%) or highly disturbed mental health can lead to substance abuse. According to the study the most vulnerable population toward mental health problems are the adolescents and the aged people. However, best way to recover mental stability is sharing or personal intervention with sometimes medication therapies. The significant result of the study is that, the main challenge toward mental health stability is to avoid the depression and the depression can start form the family, friends or even from the social media. Thus it is very important to be aware of mental health status as physical health and socioeconomic productivity directly depends on the mental health.
In recent scenario, drugs or medicines are one of the unavoidable parts in our life. After observ... more In recent scenario, drugs or medicines are one of the unavoidable parts in our life. After observing scientifically drugs and medicines are not the same products that we think. In very simple way drug can be defined as any chemical agent that has effect of any biological system like human, animal or plant. On the other hand medicines are those drugs that have healing effect only. So there is a chance of misuse or abuse of drugs whether intentionally or unintentionally. If we recall the global history there's lot of examples or tragedies due to misuse of drugs that resulted psychological disorder, affecting the infants in mother's womb or even death. The Sulfanilamide Disaster of 1937 was one of the examples that took more than 100 lives. Then the name of 'Thalidomide' is unforgettable in the history of medicine. In 1957 one of the most popular drugs was 'Contergan' or chemically known as thalidomide. This drug was mainly used to reduce the morning sickness so it was rapidly used on pregnant women, were suffering from morning sickness. But who knew that drug will introduce the darkest parts of history entitled as " Thalidomide Tragedy ". In this tragedy more than 10,000 children from over 46 countries came to the world with deformities including a very rare disorder called 'phocomelia'. These tragedies were resulted from unsuccessful clinical trials. Time like after 2000 there were many drugs those
It was 1928, when Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist had added a new evolutionary step in me... more It was 1928, when Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist had added a new evolutionary step in medicine development. Yes, it was the year when the " Antibiotic " was discovered first. Alexander Fleming had accidentally isolated some toxic substances from specific fungi named " Penicillium Notatum ". But the surprising matter was that, the toxin was threatening only for the bacteria or pathogens not for the animals.Antibiotic is mainly any chemical substance which kills the bacteria (Bactericidal antibiotic) or resist the multiplication (Bacteriostatic antibiotic). But in broad sense, when the chemical can kill or inhibit not only bacteria rather can act on other pathogens like; fungi, protozoa etc is known antimicrobial. Now before going to the future let's have a look on present. If we look the data of 2012 from WHO (World Health Organization) approximately 56 million people died on that year. And among those people 32% was died from infectious disease. In this infectious disease we can count the malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS as main. And each year these diseases can cause 300 million illness and 5 millions of death. Reason behind all of this infectious disease is the microorganisms or known as pathogens. And the only way to get rid of these pathogens is antibiotics. Once Bangladesh was in a threat of TB (Tuberculosis) and 70,000 deaths were occurred per year in South Asian region till 2006. But the successful antibiotic use made Bangladesh to give a significant result to decline the rate of TB in 2000 to 2013. Antibiotics are needed from normal flu to different kinds of life threatening disease. So it is very simple without antibiotic our survival will be in a big question. Then if we want to know about the future, what is going to be the future of the antibiotics? Yes this is a burning question of modern medical science. And a new term raised " Antibiotic Resistance " a big challenge for human survival. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of the microbes to get resistant of the chemicals. Basically pathogens can do this by mutation on cell wall or in nucleus. Like once penicillin was the evolutionary antibiotic but now it becomes useless and out of work. And day by day the number mutant bacteria are raising and antibiotic are losing the ability to resist the organisms. This resistance can lead the disease to increased recovery time, not significant response or can make no effect on bacteria as a result the death occurs. Once when one strain of bacteria gets resistant it can spread out through environment. And cause of disease which will not responsive to antibiotic. Mainly for two reasons the antibiotic resistance can occur. First, when a patient doesn't complete the total dose of antibiotic therapy. And second the rapid prescribing of antibiotic. It is important to know that more the use of antibiotic in non-systemic way, the more the chance of antibiotic resistance. It is estimated that if the random use of antibiotic is not reduced and the new drug development is not possible then we have to face an era where people will die due to normal flu. Now it is time to take some responsibilities for both community people and physicians. For the patient, time and dose must be followed carefully. And for the physician, prescribing should be done according to the need of the patient. As this issue is rising day by day and we can't think our existence without antibiotic, it is very important to create awareness in the use of antibiotic.
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is mainly microbial infection in respiratory tracts especially ... more Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is mainly microbial infection in respiratory tracts especially in lungs that creates disturbance in normal breathing. In the list of ARIs both the infectious and non infectious disease has taken places. But the matter of worry is majority of the ARIs are infectious, which means it can spread from one person to another through air. According to previous records it has found that the main microbes working behind these ARIs are Adenoviruses, Pneumococcus, and Rhinoviruses. Adenoviruses are the cause of bronchitis where Pneumococcus is the reason of pneumonia and Rhinoviruses can be told the source of common cold. It is true that no one can avoid the bacteria or virus but on the other hand it should be noted that our immune system is always protecting us from these kinds of infectious diseases. So the main reason behind the Acute Respiratory Infection is weak or immature immune system. Normally in an adult human the immune system is enough to defeat the microbial infections but in the case of child and aged person it seems different. As a result Acute Respiratory Infections become one of the major causes of childhood mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. According to the bulletin of World health Organization (WHO) titled 'Incidence of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection during three influenza seasons in Bangladesh,
Probably 'Heart' is the most common synonym that replaces the word 'Love'. Basically heart is a m... more Probably 'Heart' is the most common synonym that replaces the word 'Love'. Basically heart is a muscular organ including four hollow parts that pumps the total blood of body and assures the proper distribution of blood throughout all other organs. A normal heart beats 60 to 100 times per minute and on average if a heart 72 times in a minutes then it pumps about 5 liters of blood in that minute. Notable, heart is the central organ of blood circulation system thus plays the key role to maintain the blood pressure that is 120/80 (120 by 80). According to the report of 2014 of World Health Organization (WHO) 17.5 million people died from heart diseases in 2012, holding 31% of all global deaths. National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh (NHF) confirmed that, survey on heart diseases performed in Bangladesh showed that hypertension in adult population is near by 20-25%, other hand Ischaemic Heart Disease counts the 10%, where Rheumatic Heart Disease 0.12% and Congenital Heart Disease 8 per thousand new in born babies were found. A very notable point is that the increasing death rate due to cardiovascular disease from 1986-2006 made the death rate 30 folds more than the previous one. These all points ranked the Coronary Heart Disease at the 5th position and Hypertension at 9th in the top 10 causes of death in Bangladesh; this ranked was done by the
Tunza Eco-Generation is the international networking platform for the dynamic environmental leade... more Tunza Eco-Generation is the international networking platform for the dynamic environmental leaders, which is a joint initiative of UNEP and Samsung engineering. The ultimate goal of this platform is to engage the youth change makers from all over the world to make a green world without any pollution and to assure a safe life for the future.
Science and technology have done much to improve health in recent generations, but Omer Fayshal P... more Science and technology have done much to improve health in recent generations, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, argues that new threats to public health have risen and need to be addressed. Student of East West University Pharmacy Department t is the 21 th century, the era of science. Technology has made our lives more easy and meaningful, with a future full of advancement.
Fast food seems like a necessary convenience for the busy student, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a ... more Fast food seems like a necessary convenience for the busy student, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, argues that consistently making the wrong food choices can have long term and devastating impact. Student of East West University Pharmacy Department
When people are dealing with the Zika issue, another emergence took the concern of global health ... more When people are dealing with the Zika issue, another emergence took the concern of global health agencies, a hemorrhagic fever like Ebola but spreads by the mosquito bites like zika. In 31th of August, 2016 a 4 hour long emergency meeting took place by the Emergency Committee (EC) regarding Yellow Fever, World Health Organization (WHO) and highlighted as an emergency issue. Yellow fever is not new issue to history of public health. The incidence of Philadelphia in 1793 can't be ignored where 5,000 people were officially registered as victim who lost their lives and more than 20,000 people left the place to save their future. Time took for this incidence was less than 4 months. It was the first officially recorder incidence of this fever. Then the British soldiers of Haiti in the 1790s, in Virginia (1855) where 3000 people were killed, the death of 20,000 people in Mississippi Valley in early 1878 all of these indicates that Yellow fever is not a very recent issue. People are dealing with this more than 200 years. Yellow fever is called acute and systemic hemorrhagic fever as it shows the symptom rapidly (acute) and does affect the whole body through blood circulation (systemic). This occurs by a RNA virus named Flavivirus, which is carried by the vector (affected) mosquitoes. In some patients this disease causes jaundice thus called yellow. The most notable point is yellow fever neither have any individual symptom nor any strong
Science and technology have done much to improve health in recent generations, but Omer Fayshal P... more Science and technology have done much to improve health in recent generations, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, argues that new threats to public health have risen and need to be addressed. Student of East West University Pharmacy Department t is the 21 th century, the era of science. Technology has made our lives more easy and meaningful, with a future full of advancement.
Fast food seems like a necessary convenience for the busy student, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a ... more Fast food seems like a necessary convenience for the busy student, but Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, a Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, argues that consistently making the wrong food choices can have long term and devastating impact. Student of East West University Pharmacy Department
Hepatitis attacks the liver, an organ that is essential to good health. Omer Fayshal Pavel, East ... more Hepatitis attacks the liver, an organ that is essential to good health. Omer Fayshal Pavel, East West University, 23, a Commonwealth Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, looks at some of the causes of hepatitis and ways to prevent or battle the condition. Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection. It can affect a significant number of the mass population. Besides the viral infections, other possible causes of hepatitis include misusing drugs, exposure to toxins, excessive alcohol consumption
he rise of AIDS has been a massive heath issue globally. Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, Student of East ... more he rise of AIDS has been a massive heath issue globally. Omer Fayshal Pavel, 22, Student of East West University Pharmacy Department, a Commonwealth Correspondent from Dhaka in Bangladesh, writes that being educated about the virus is the first step in helping those with HIV live a better quality of life. We have a beautiful planet to live with a beautiful life to lead. But sometimes the consistency of life hampered by outbreaks of diseases and emergence of new viruses.
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