Background: Trichomonas tenax, a commensal flagellated protozoan, inhabits in human oral cavity. ... more Background: Trichomonas tenax, a commensal flagellated protozoan, inhabits in human oral cavity. This parasite is cosmopolitan and frequently found in patients with poor oral hygiene and advanced periodontal disease. Objective: Detection of Trichomonas tenax in patients with periodontitis using different methods; microscopy and culture compared to PCR and also determine the frequency of T. tenax in these dental patients according to age, sex, smoking and some hygienic factors (teeth cleaning habit and amount of calculus). Methodology: The study included 50 patients with periodontitis (case group) and 10 subjects with healthy gingiva (control group) of both sexes, whose ages varied between 20 and 50 years. Subgingival dental plaques were collected by sterile curettes from both groups and subjected to microscopic examination, culture on Diamond's medium and PCR amplification using a pair of primers based on 18S rRNA gene for detection of T. tenax. Results: The prevalence of T. tenax infection in case group and control group was 30% (15/50) and 0.0% (0/10) respectively, with a significant statistical difference (P<0.05). Out of 50 samples (case group), T .tenax was detected in 10 (20%), 13 (26%), 14 (28%) by microscopy, culture and PCR respectively. PCR was able to detect T. tenax in 5 , 2 negative samples by microscopy and culture respectively but, not able to detect it in one positive sample by two methods. Using PCR as gold standard method, microscopy and culture showed sensitivity (64.28% vs 85.71%), specificity (97.22% vs 97.22), positive predictive value (90% vs 92.3%), negative predictive value (87.5% vs 94.59%) and diagnostic accuracy (88% vs 94%). PCR has shown high sensitivity (93.33%), specificity (97.22%) positive predictive value (93.33%), negative predictive value (100%) and diagnostic accuracy (98%). T. tenax was correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with the age and poor oral hygiene while it was not correlated significantly (p > 0.05) with sex and smoking. Conclusion: PCR proved to be more sensitive and accurate tool for detection of T. tenax than microscopy and culture.
Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem. Accurate early diagnosis is strongly recommende... more Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem. Accurate early diagnosis is strongly recommended to provide proper treatment before progressing to complications. Objective and methods: the aim of this study was to detect S. mansoni infected cases in two villages at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, through application of different diagnostic methods. In field, subjects were primary screened by Kato Katz (KK) and Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). ELISA was performed for antigen detection in both serum and saliva samples. Then conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to examine 366 selected preserved serum samples, and results were compared with earlier tests. Results: Among 1330 subjects completed the study and gave the required samples, KK revealed prevalence of S. mansoni infection among the study population (1.8%). In comparison with the standard KK technique, ELISA detecting antigen in serum and/or saliva samples gave sensitivity rates up to 100% and specificity rates (≥ 99%). PCR sensitivity and specificity were (95.8% & 96.2%) in comparison with KK. Conclusion: S.mansoni is still prevalent in the study areas with low rate of transmission. Sandwich ELISA assay for S.mansoni circulating antigen detection is a sensitive and specific
There is a need to develop new fasciocidal drugs. Several studies have documented efficacy of art... more There is a need to develop new fasciocidal drugs. Several studies have documented efficacy of artesunate and ivermectin against Fasciola hepatica infection particularly when used in combination with triclabendazole (TCBZ). However, there is lack of reports about Fasciola gigantica worms especially on the late immature stage of the worms. 100 µg resulted in efficacy rates of 55%, 51.4% 28.5%, and 22.8% respectively in comparison with control group with concordance of WBRR results with the effect on the worm size and the degree of pathological changes. Conclusion: Triclabendazole 10 mg/kg was the most effective regimen, followed by Combination between TCBZ and ivermectin. However, its combination with artesunate showed poor effect at this early stage of infection.
h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t ELISA/TL-1 ESA was used for primary diagnos... more h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t ELISA/TL-1 ESA was used for primary diagnosis compared to EITB gold standard test. Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 100% & 79.5%. Two types of dot-ELISA were applied, both gave 100% Sensitivity and specificity. 1st was performed with individual separated specific fractions 45, 50, 55 kDa. The 2nd was a typical dot-ELISA using the eluted pooled specific fractions.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2019
Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection is a challenge in low transmission regions. Serologica... more Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection is a challenge in low transmission regions. Serological diagnosis proved more sensitive and extensively used to detect anti- Schistosoma antibodies. This study evaluated the immunomagnetic beads-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IMB-ELISA) for diagnosing S. mansoni infection in comparison with the commercial IHA, indirect ELISA and microscopy stool examination. A total of 100 subjects were divided into four groups (25 each). G1: cases actively passing S. mansoni eggs, G2: chronic cases of S. mansoni, G3: cases with other parasitosis and G4: normal healthy subjects. S. mansoni diagnostic rate was 25%, 46%, 48%, & 50% by parasitological, IHA, Indirect ELISA & IMB-ELISA, respectively. In G1, the four tests gave positivity rates of 100%, 88%, 96%, & 100%, respectively. In G2, the four tests gave 0%, 84%, 88% & 96%, respectively. Sensitivity of various tests were estimated in relation to total true positive S. mansoni cases (G1 & G2), and gave ...
Journal of infection and public health, Jan 28, 2017
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a severe corneal infection that may occur as a serious outcome of ... more Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a severe corneal infection that may occur as a serious outcome of improper use of contact lenses (CL). The study aimed to diagnose AK in soft CL users presenting with infectious keratitis, and to identify the prevalent genotypes isolated from different cases. Another aim was to determine the CL hygiene-related risk behaviors, and to explore the risk of water exposure for developing AK. A cross sectional study was performed. A questionnaire was carried out including 260 clinically diagnosed cases as infectious keratitis (170 females and 90 males); all of them were soft CL users for the suspected risk factors. Corneal scrapes from the affected eyes were cultured to diagnose bacterial and AK. PCR was performed and the amplified products were sequenced and compared with GenBank data. The parasite was positively amplified from 32 samples (12.3%). Acanthamoeba T4 genotype was identified in 27/32 (84.4%) of isolates. Other detected genotypes belonged to T5 an...
Blastocystis spp. is the most frequent infectious unicellular, luminal parasite in all species of... more Blastocystis spp. is the most frequent infectious unicellular, luminal parasite in all species of animals and humans. It has been linked to diarrhoea and irritable bowel syndrome. Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a widely used probiotic that previously showed efficacy against several intestinal pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic role of Sb on Blastocystis spp. Methods: Five groups of Blastocystis subtype-3 infected rats were treated with either live Sb alone, metronidazole (MTZ) alone, Sb extract, both Sb and MTZ, or placebo-treated besides the noninfected control group. Assessment of treatment effectiveness was done by study of parasitological cure rate, histopathological effect and analysis of the colonic mucosal level of mRNAs expressions for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time...
Cryptosporidium parvum is an opportunistic parasite capable of causing diarrhea that is self-limi... more Cryptosporidium parvum is an opportunistic parasite capable of causing diarrhea that is self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals and life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. The present study was designed to compare the sensitivity and practicability of copro-antigen assays; RidaQuick Cryptosporidium strip test and enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) with Kinyoun acid fast stain in diagnosing of cryptosporidio-sis among diarrheic patients. Stool samples were collected from 108 diar-rheic patients and also from 36 control subjects without diarrhea; a part was stained by Kinyoun acid fast stain and the other part was stored at-20°C for RidaQuick Cryptosporidium strip test and copro-antigen ELISA. The results revealed a significant association between Cryptosporidium infection and diarrhea (P < 0.05) as Cryptosporidium was detected in 18 (16.7%) of diarrheic patients while none of the control subjects was found to be infected with Cryptosporidium by any of the tech...
Background: Trichomonas tenax, a commensal flagellated protozoan, inhabits in human oral cavity. ... more Background: Trichomonas tenax, a commensal flagellated protozoan, inhabits in human oral cavity. This parasite is cosmopolitan and frequently found in patients with poor oral hygiene and advanced periodontal disease. Objective: Detection of Trichomonas tenax in patients with periodontitis using different methods; microscopy and culture compared to PCR and also determine the frequency of T. tenax in these dental patients according to age, sex, smoking and some hygienic factors (teeth cleaning habit and amount of calculus). Methodology: The study included 50 patients with periodontitis (case group) and 10 subjects with healthy gingiva (control group) of both sexes, whose ages varied between 20 and 50 years. Subgingival dental plaques were collected by sterile curettes from both groups and subjected to microscopic examination, culture on Diamond's medium and PCR amplification using a pair of primers based on 18S rRNA gene for detection of T. tenax. Results: The prevalence of T. tenax infection in case group and control group was 30% (15/50) and 0.0% (0/10) respectively, with a significant statistical difference (P<0.05). Out of 50 samples (case group), T .tenax was detected in 10 (20%), 13 (26%), 14 (28%) by microscopy, culture and PCR respectively. PCR was able to detect T. tenax in 5 , 2 negative samples by microscopy and culture respectively but, not able to detect it in one positive sample by two methods. Using PCR as gold standard method, microscopy and culture showed sensitivity (64.28% vs 85.71%), specificity (97.22% vs 97.22), positive predictive value (90% vs 92.3%), negative predictive value (87.5% vs 94.59%) and diagnostic accuracy (88% vs 94%). PCR has shown high sensitivity (93.33%), specificity (97.22%) positive predictive value (93.33%), negative predictive value (100%) and diagnostic accuracy (98%). T. tenax was correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with the age and poor oral hygiene while it was not correlated significantly (p > 0.05) with sex and smoking. Conclusion: PCR proved to be more sensitive and accurate tool for detection of T. tenax than microscopy and culture.
Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem. Accurate early diagnosis is strongly recommende... more Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem. Accurate early diagnosis is strongly recommended to provide proper treatment before progressing to complications. Objective and methods: the aim of this study was to detect S. mansoni infected cases in two villages at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, through application of different diagnostic methods. In field, subjects were primary screened by Kato Katz (KK) and Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). ELISA was performed for antigen detection in both serum and saliva samples. Then conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to examine 366 selected preserved serum samples, and results were compared with earlier tests. Results: Among 1330 subjects completed the study and gave the required samples, KK revealed prevalence of S. mansoni infection among the study population (1.8%). In comparison with the standard KK technique, ELISA detecting antigen in serum and/or saliva samples gave sensitivity rates up to 100% and specificity rates (≥ 99%). PCR sensitivity and specificity were (95.8% & 96.2%) in comparison with KK. Conclusion: S.mansoni is still prevalent in the study areas with low rate of transmission. Sandwich ELISA assay for S.mansoni circulating antigen detection is a sensitive and specific
There is a need to develop new fasciocidal drugs. Several studies have documented efficacy of art... more There is a need to develop new fasciocidal drugs. Several studies have documented efficacy of artesunate and ivermectin against Fasciola hepatica infection particularly when used in combination with triclabendazole (TCBZ). However, there is lack of reports about Fasciola gigantica worms especially on the late immature stage of the worms. 100 µg resulted in efficacy rates of 55%, 51.4% 28.5%, and 22.8% respectively in comparison with control group with concordance of WBRR results with the effect on the worm size and the degree of pathological changes. Conclusion: Triclabendazole 10 mg/kg was the most effective regimen, followed by Combination between TCBZ and ivermectin. However, its combination with artesunate showed poor effect at this early stage of infection.
h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t ELISA/TL-1 ESA was used for primary diagnos... more h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t ELISA/TL-1 ESA was used for primary diagnosis compared to EITB gold standard test. Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 100% & 79.5%. Two types of dot-ELISA were applied, both gave 100% Sensitivity and specificity. 1st was performed with individual separated specific fractions 45, 50, 55 kDa. The 2nd was a typical dot-ELISA using the eluted pooled specific fractions.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2019
Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection is a challenge in low transmission regions. Serologica... more Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection is a challenge in low transmission regions. Serological diagnosis proved more sensitive and extensively used to detect anti- Schistosoma antibodies. This study evaluated the immunomagnetic beads-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IMB-ELISA) for diagnosing S. mansoni infection in comparison with the commercial IHA, indirect ELISA and microscopy stool examination. A total of 100 subjects were divided into four groups (25 each). G1: cases actively passing S. mansoni eggs, G2: chronic cases of S. mansoni, G3: cases with other parasitosis and G4: normal healthy subjects. S. mansoni diagnostic rate was 25%, 46%, 48%, & 50% by parasitological, IHA, Indirect ELISA & IMB-ELISA, respectively. In G1, the four tests gave positivity rates of 100%, 88%, 96%, & 100%, respectively. In G2, the four tests gave 0%, 84%, 88% & 96%, respectively. Sensitivity of various tests were estimated in relation to total true positive S. mansoni cases (G1 & G2), and gave ...
Journal of infection and public health, Jan 28, 2017
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a severe corneal infection that may occur as a serious outcome of ... more Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a severe corneal infection that may occur as a serious outcome of improper use of contact lenses (CL). The study aimed to diagnose AK in soft CL users presenting with infectious keratitis, and to identify the prevalent genotypes isolated from different cases. Another aim was to determine the CL hygiene-related risk behaviors, and to explore the risk of water exposure for developing AK. A cross sectional study was performed. A questionnaire was carried out including 260 clinically diagnosed cases as infectious keratitis (170 females and 90 males); all of them were soft CL users for the suspected risk factors. Corneal scrapes from the affected eyes were cultured to diagnose bacterial and AK. PCR was performed and the amplified products were sequenced and compared with GenBank data. The parasite was positively amplified from 32 samples (12.3%). Acanthamoeba T4 genotype was identified in 27/32 (84.4%) of isolates. Other detected genotypes belonged to T5 an...
Blastocystis spp. is the most frequent infectious unicellular, luminal parasite in all species of... more Blastocystis spp. is the most frequent infectious unicellular, luminal parasite in all species of animals and humans. It has been linked to diarrhoea and irritable bowel syndrome. Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a widely used probiotic that previously showed efficacy against several intestinal pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic role of Sb on Blastocystis spp. Methods: Five groups of Blastocystis subtype-3 infected rats were treated with either live Sb alone, metronidazole (MTZ) alone, Sb extract, both Sb and MTZ, or placebo-treated besides the noninfected control group. Assessment of treatment effectiveness was done by study of parasitological cure rate, histopathological effect and analysis of the colonic mucosal level of mRNAs expressions for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time...
Cryptosporidium parvum is an opportunistic parasite capable of causing diarrhea that is self-limi... more Cryptosporidium parvum is an opportunistic parasite capable of causing diarrhea that is self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals and life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. The present study was designed to compare the sensitivity and practicability of copro-antigen assays; RidaQuick Cryptosporidium strip test and enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) with Kinyoun acid fast stain in diagnosing of cryptosporidio-sis among diarrheic patients. Stool samples were collected from 108 diar-rheic patients and also from 36 control subjects without diarrhea; a part was stained by Kinyoun acid fast stain and the other part was stored at-20°C for RidaQuick Cryptosporidium strip test and copro-antigen ELISA. The results revealed a significant association between Cryptosporidium infection and diarrhea (P < 0.05) as Cryptosporidium was detected in 18 (16.7%) of diarrheic patients while none of the control subjects was found to be infected with Cryptosporidium by any of the tech...
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