College professor of Agricultural Engineering with research interests in Renewable Energy and Environmental quality. A former provost of Federal College of Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Address: Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Power supply from the national grid is inefficient and unreliable, hence the need to provide alte... more Power supply from the national grid is inefficient and unreliable, hence the need to provide alternative source of power. It is imperative that if the country is to be self-sufficient in power generation, transmission and distribution, it must be based largely on indigenous engineering initiative and researches to design, adapt, develop and manufacture local based renewable energy. This research work was carried out at Federal College of Agriculture Moor Plantation Ibadan Nigeria and focus on a design and development of campus reliable power system. Materials includes the power main, 5KVA generator, solar energy panels, charge controller, power inverter, automatic voltage regulator and 12V 200Ah dry cell batteries. Four approaches were adopted to achieved the aim of the research work. This includes the audit with stakeholders interview, solution design, stage proof of concept, implementation and testing. Load analysis was carried out for the whole campus, which was used to design en...
The ethanol productivity of cassava crop was investigated in a laboratory experiment by correlati... more The ethanol productivity of cassava crop was investigated in a laboratory experiment by correlating volumes and masses of ethanol produced to the masses of samples used. Cassava tubers (variety TMS 30555) were peeled, cut and washed. 5, 15, 25 and 35 kg samples of the tubers were weighed in three replicates, soaked in water for a period of a day, after which each sample was dried, crushed and the mash mixed with 500 ml of N-hexane (C 6 H 14 ). This crushed mash was then allowed to ferment for a period of 8 days and afterwards pressed on a 0.6 mm aperture size and sieved to yield the alcohol contained in it. The alcohol was heated at 79°C for 10 h at intervals of 2 h followed by an h cooling. Ethanol yield was at average volumes of 0.31, 0.96, 1.61 and 2.21 litres, respectively, for the selected masses of cassava samples. Quantitative relationships were obtained to relate the masses of cassava used to the masses and volumes of ethanol produced. These were used to relate known product...
Comparative effects of undigested and anaerobically digested poultry manure on the growth and yie... more Comparative effects of undigested and anaerobically digested poultry manure on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays, L)
The objective of this paper is to examine the increasing application of mechanization to Nigerian... more The objective of this paper is to examine the increasing application of mechanization to Nigerian agriculture, point out the challenges, merits and demerits. In Nigeria, the application of modern machines to farm production has increased remarkably over the recent 10 years. By 2007, the country recorded an increase of 35.5% in the number of tractors used as compared to the 1998 figure. Examples of farm machines which have been locally developed and are in use in Nigeria include groundnut sheller, maize dehusker and sheller, multicrop thresher, cornstalk cutter rack, groundnut oil extractor, solar dryers for drying local produce, cassava peeler, combined cassava grater and chipper, garri tray fryer, mechanical garri fryer, cassava grater, cassava screw press, flash dryer and others. The result is that over the recent 10 years in Nigeria, mechanized agriculture has been on the rise with growth in farm production averaging 12% per annum. Agriculture now accounts for 42% of GDP, the qua...
Biogas productivity of cassava peels, mixed with poultry, piggery and cattle waste types in ratio... more Biogas productivity of cassava peels, mixed with poultry, piggery and cattle waste types in ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 by mass, was investigated using 12 Nos. 220l batch type anaerobic digesters in a 3 x 4 factorial experiment using a retention period of 30 days and within the mesophilic temperature range. Biogas yield was significantly (P 0.05) influenced by the different mixing ratios of livestock waste with cassava peels. The cumulative average biogas yield from digested cassava peels was 0.6 l/kg-TS. The average cumulative biogas yield increased to 13.7, 12.3, 10.4 and 9.0 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios when cassava peel was mixed with poultry waste. On mixing with piggery waste, the average cumulative biogas yield increased to 35.0, 26.5, 17.1 and 9.3 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios. In the case of mixing with cattle waste, the average cumulative biogas yield increased to 21.3, 19.5, 15.8 and 11.2 l/kg-TS respectively...
Biogas productivity of cassava peels, mixed with poultry, piggery and cattle waste types in ratio... more Biogas productivity of cassava peels, mixed with poultry, piggery and cattle waste types in ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 by mass, was investigated using 12 Nos. 220l batch type anaerobic digesters in a 3 x 4 factorial experiment using a retention period of 30 days and within the mesophilic temperature range. Biogas yield was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced by the different mixing ratios of livestock waste with cassava peels. The cumulative average biogas yield from digested cassava peels was 0.6 l/kg-TS. The average cumulative biogas yield increased to 13.7, 12.3, 10.4 and 9.0 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios when cassava peel was mixed with poultry waste. On mixing with piggery waste, the average cumulative biogas yield increased to 35.0, 26.5, 17.1 and 9.3 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios. In the case of mixing with cattle waste, the average cumulative biogas yield increased to 21.3, 19.5, 15.8 and 11.2 l/kg-TS respectiv...
Abstract. The potential and extent of progress of humankind depend so crucially on the availabili... more Abstract. The potential and extent of progress of humankind depend so crucially on the availability and ready accessibility of energy. More attention needs to be placed on the development and deployment of renewable energy sources namely solar, hydroelectric, wind, bioenergy and geothermal energies. As its main objective, this paper considers various forms of renewable energy, examines their strengths and weaknesses, considers future opportunities for them to be used more keenly as productive servants and also highlights the threats which their development and exploitation may pose to future human progress. The sun is human kind‘s major future energy source. Hydropower portends immense capabilities which need to be hugely exploited all over the world. Wind energy still possesses smaller potential for exploitation. Bioenergy and biogas will be much more usable as technologies for their production, storage and distribution are improved significantly. Geothermal energy is the least rea...
Objective: To investigate the effect of mixing ratio of slurry on biogas productivity of wastes f... more Objective: To investigate the effect of mixing ratio of slurry on biogas productivity of wastes from poultry birds, pigs and cattle. Methodology and results: The investigation was carried out using 9 Nos. 220-litre batch type anaerobic digesters designed to remove CO2, H2S and other soluble gasses from the system. Freshly voided poultry, piggery, and cattle wastes were collected from livestock farms at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria. After being totally freed of foreign matter, the samples were well stirred and digested in a 3x3 factorial experiment using a retention period of 30 days and within the mesophilic temperature range. The waste: water mixing ratios of slurry used were 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 by mass. Three replicates were used for each ratio. Two hundred gram samples of each animal waste type were obtained before and after experimentation and analysed for chemical constitution. All the readings of the biogas yield we...
The research was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of Plumeria rubra products on cowpea (Vigna u... more The research was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of Plumeria rubra products on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus (F)) during storage. A synthetic insecticide, Pirimiphos-methyl and four Plumeria rubra products (leaf, stem bark, root bark and flower) powders were tested on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds infested with teneral adults of Callosobruchus maculatus in a completely randomized design. Data were collected on mean number of eggs laid, mean eclosion, mean number of emerged adults, and mortality of insects at different treatments. The results obtained revealed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in the mean oviposition rate, mean eclosion and total developmental period of the insects treated with different products of Plumeria rubra. The highest number of eggs oviposited and ecloded were 85.4 and 81. 6 respectively, which were significantly different when compared with the values of 43.2 and 40.2 obtained when the root bark powder was applied. The ...
A comparative study of the effects of undigested and anaerobically digested poultry manure and co... more A comparative study of the effects of undigested and anaerobically digested poultry manure and conventional inorganic fertilizer on the growth characteristics and yield of maize was investigated at Ibadan, Nigeria. The pot experiment consisted of sixty (60) nursery bags, set out in the greenhouse. The treatments, thoroughly mixed with soil, were: control (untreated soil), inorganic fertilizer, (NPK 20:10:10) applied at the 120 kgN/ha; air-dried undigested and anaerobically digested manure applied at 12.5 g/pot, or 25.0 g/pot or 37.5 g/pot, and or 50.0 g/pot. Plant height, stem girth, leaf area, number of leaves at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and stover mass and grain yield were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P 0.05 was used to further determine the relationships among the factors investigated. Generally, results in respect of crops treated with digested manure, were quite comparable with those treated with undigested manure and inorganic fertilizer, right f...
values were 0.02, 0.45, 0.01, 0.445, 0.135, 0.09, 0.245 and 0.155 mg/l respectively. In the surfa... more values were 0.02, 0.45, 0.01, 0.445, 0.135, 0.09, 0.245 and 0.155 mg/l respectively. In the surface water samples, the minimum concentrations of Pb, As, Cd and Cr were below detection level, while the maximum concentrations of Pb, As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Fe and Mn were respectively 0.075, 0.05, 0.001, 0.445, 0.120, 0.065, 0.45 and 0.16 mg/l. No evidence of contamination of these water supply sources with heavy metals was found going by the fact that the values obtained were lower than the guideline values established by the World Health Organization. A possible exception is As which in some samples had higher concentrations than the WHO guideline. The recommendations of the study include continuous and close monitoring of these private drinking water supplies. There must also be strict compliance to regulatory limits in sludge and wastes to be released into the environment, and enforcement of other environmental protection regulations. Findings from this study will be of immense help to...
Aims : Researches into a host of energy deployment options and creative policy initiatives contin... more Aims : Researches into a host of energy deployment options and creative policy initiatives continue in respect of renewable energy and this paper highlights some of the recent advances observed. It investigates the potentials of some second generation biofuels such as manure, tuber peels and other by-products of agriculture in providing biogas, bioethanol and biodiesel, and those of hydro power, solar energy and wind energy and also identifies workable options which can help in meeting energy demand particularly in the developing world. Study design: Desk study with a focus on literature. Observations: The European Union has manifested the most ambitious goal thus far in respect of the development of renewable energy sources and application by adopting a binding target of 20% renewable energy in final energy consumption by 2020. A pathway has also been outlined towards a 100% renewable energy supply system by 2050 for electricity, heating, cooling and transport for the European Unio...
Ethanol was synthesized from cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) and a production rate of 145 l/t... more Ethanol was synthesized from cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) and a production rate of 145 l/tonne was obtained. An experiment was then designed to run a gasoline engine for 1 hr during each test, using pure gasoline as control, and 1:9 (i.e ethanol 10%; E10) and 2:8 (i.e ethanol 20%; E20) ethanol:gasoline mixing ratios as fuels. Three replicates were undertaken for each run. The generator used was a Ferma Brand Model SPG 950, 4.0 L fuel tank capacity, 0.9 kW single cylinder engine without any modification. In each test, engine performance was measured in terms of power output, voltage rating, electric current supply, and fuel consumption and compared to the technical parameters for the generator. Loads consisting of 40, 60 and 100 W incandescent lamps as well as 20 W fluorescent and 18 W low energy lamps were connected to the circuit in various combinations and their performances observed. The indicators of performance for the E10 fuel mixture did not depart significantly from t...
The aim was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals, in soil and groundwater at automobil... more The aim was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals, in soil and groundwater at automobile mechanic villages located in Ibadan, Nigeria, compare the results with guidelines from various countries, draw conclusions and make recommendations. Soil and groundwater samples from 7 automobile mechanic villages and a control site in Ibadan, Nigeria were analysed for selected heavy metals namely: Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni. Soil samples were obtained in triplicates and at depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30, 30 to 45 and 45 to 60 cm. Water samples were obtained from dug wells at the sites. Overall, values of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cr in the workshop soil samples ranged from 0.41 to 17.23; 1.48 to 476.0; 18.25 to 15100; 2.0 to 25.0 and 2.0 to 29.75 mg.kg
British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2016
There is need for engineers to search for alternative power source as it is important due to need... more There is need for engineers to search for alternative power source as it is important due to need for a cleaner source of power that is environmental friendly. Fuelless power generator as fuelless generation is a device that is understood to function without the need for internal combustion engine which usually request for fuel as a source of input while power inverter or an inverter is an electrical power converter that changes direct current (D.C) to alternating current (A.C). Both inverter and fuelless power generating set was designed and constructed at Federal College of Agriculture, Moor Plantation Ibadan, Nigeria by the author. This research will focus on comparison of the two devices in terms of there load performance. The performance evaluation of the machine revealed that when there is no load acting on the machine, the efficiency of the machine is said to be at 0%. It can be concluded that the machine had the highest efficiency of 97.40% at a load of 100W and the lowest efficiency of 71.70% at a load of 600W. It was also observed that there is a Original Research Article
Power supply from the national grid is inefficient and unreliable, hence the need to provide alte... more Power supply from the national grid is inefficient and unreliable, hence the need to provide alternative source of power. It is imperative that if the country is to be self-sufficient in power generation, transmission and distribution, it must be based largely on indigenous engineering initiative and researches to design, adapt, develop and manufacture local based renewable energy. This research work was carried out at Federal College of Agriculture Moor Plantation Ibadan Nigeria and focus on a design and development of campus reliable power system. Materials includes the power main, 5KVA generator, solar energy panels, charge controller, power inverter, automatic voltage regulator and 12V 200Ah dry cell batteries. Four approaches were adopted to achieved the aim of the research work. This includes the audit with stakeholders interview, solution design, stage proof of concept, implementation and testing. Load analysis was carried out for the whole campus, which was used to design en...
The ethanol productivity of cassava crop was investigated in a laboratory experiment by correlati... more The ethanol productivity of cassava crop was investigated in a laboratory experiment by correlating volumes and masses of ethanol produced to the masses of samples used. Cassava tubers (variety TMS 30555) were peeled, cut and washed. 5, 15, 25 and 35 kg samples of the tubers were weighed in three replicates, soaked in water for a period of a day, after which each sample was dried, crushed and the mash mixed with 500 ml of N-hexane (C 6 H 14 ). This crushed mash was then allowed to ferment for a period of 8 days and afterwards pressed on a 0.6 mm aperture size and sieved to yield the alcohol contained in it. The alcohol was heated at 79°C for 10 h at intervals of 2 h followed by an h cooling. Ethanol yield was at average volumes of 0.31, 0.96, 1.61 and 2.21 litres, respectively, for the selected masses of cassava samples. Quantitative relationships were obtained to relate the masses of cassava used to the masses and volumes of ethanol produced. These were used to relate known product...
Comparative effects of undigested and anaerobically digested poultry manure on the growth and yie... more Comparative effects of undigested and anaerobically digested poultry manure on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays, L)
The objective of this paper is to examine the increasing application of mechanization to Nigerian... more The objective of this paper is to examine the increasing application of mechanization to Nigerian agriculture, point out the challenges, merits and demerits. In Nigeria, the application of modern machines to farm production has increased remarkably over the recent 10 years. By 2007, the country recorded an increase of 35.5% in the number of tractors used as compared to the 1998 figure. Examples of farm machines which have been locally developed and are in use in Nigeria include groundnut sheller, maize dehusker and sheller, multicrop thresher, cornstalk cutter rack, groundnut oil extractor, solar dryers for drying local produce, cassava peeler, combined cassava grater and chipper, garri tray fryer, mechanical garri fryer, cassava grater, cassava screw press, flash dryer and others. The result is that over the recent 10 years in Nigeria, mechanized agriculture has been on the rise with growth in farm production averaging 12% per annum. Agriculture now accounts for 42% of GDP, the qua...
Biogas productivity of cassava peels, mixed with poultry, piggery and cattle waste types in ratio... more Biogas productivity of cassava peels, mixed with poultry, piggery and cattle waste types in ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 by mass, was investigated using 12 Nos. 220l batch type anaerobic digesters in a 3 x 4 factorial experiment using a retention period of 30 days and within the mesophilic temperature range. Biogas yield was significantly (P 0.05) influenced by the different mixing ratios of livestock waste with cassava peels. The cumulative average biogas yield from digested cassava peels was 0.6 l/kg-TS. The average cumulative biogas yield increased to 13.7, 12.3, 10.4 and 9.0 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios when cassava peel was mixed with poultry waste. On mixing with piggery waste, the average cumulative biogas yield increased to 35.0, 26.5, 17.1 and 9.3 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios. In the case of mixing with cattle waste, the average cumulative biogas yield increased to 21.3, 19.5, 15.8 and 11.2 l/kg-TS respectively...
Biogas productivity of cassava peels, mixed with poultry, piggery and cattle waste types in ratio... more Biogas productivity of cassava peels, mixed with poultry, piggery and cattle waste types in ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 by mass, was investigated using 12 Nos. 220l batch type anaerobic digesters in a 3 x 4 factorial experiment using a retention period of 30 days and within the mesophilic temperature range. Biogas yield was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced by the different mixing ratios of livestock waste with cassava peels. The cumulative average biogas yield from digested cassava peels was 0.6 l/kg-TS. The average cumulative biogas yield increased to 13.7, 12.3, 10.4 and 9.0 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios when cassava peel was mixed with poultry waste. On mixing with piggery waste, the average cumulative biogas yield increased to 35.0, 26.5, 17.1 and 9.3 l/kg-TS respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 mixing ratios. In the case of mixing with cattle waste, the average cumulative biogas yield increased to 21.3, 19.5, 15.8 and 11.2 l/kg-TS respectiv...
Abstract. The potential and extent of progress of humankind depend so crucially on the availabili... more Abstract. The potential and extent of progress of humankind depend so crucially on the availability and ready accessibility of energy. More attention needs to be placed on the development and deployment of renewable energy sources namely solar, hydroelectric, wind, bioenergy and geothermal energies. As its main objective, this paper considers various forms of renewable energy, examines their strengths and weaknesses, considers future opportunities for them to be used more keenly as productive servants and also highlights the threats which their development and exploitation may pose to future human progress. The sun is human kind‘s major future energy source. Hydropower portends immense capabilities which need to be hugely exploited all over the world. Wind energy still possesses smaller potential for exploitation. Bioenergy and biogas will be much more usable as technologies for their production, storage and distribution are improved significantly. Geothermal energy is the least rea...
Objective: To investigate the effect of mixing ratio of slurry on biogas productivity of wastes f... more Objective: To investigate the effect of mixing ratio of slurry on biogas productivity of wastes from poultry birds, pigs and cattle. Methodology and results: The investigation was carried out using 9 Nos. 220-litre batch type anaerobic digesters designed to remove CO2, H2S and other soluble gasses from the system. Freshly voided poultry, piggery, and cattle wastes were collected from livestock farms at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria. After being totally freed of foreign matter, the samples were well stirred and digested in a 3x3 factorial experiment using a retention period of 30 days and within the mesophilic temperature range. The waste: water mixing ratios of slurry used were 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 by mass. Three replicates were used for each ratio. Two hundred gram samples of each animal waste type were obtained before and after experimentation and analysed for chemical constitution. All the readings of the biogas yield we...
The research was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of Plumeria rubra products on cowpea (Vigna u... more The research was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of Plumeria rubra products on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus (F)) during storage. A synthetic insecticide, Pirimiphos-methyl and four Plumeria rubra products (leaf, stem bark, root bark and flower) powders were tested on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds infested with teneral adults of Callosobruchus maculatus in a completely randomized design. Data were collected on mean number of eggs laid, mean eclosion, mean number of emerged adults, and mortality of insects at different treatments. The results obtained revealed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in the mean oviposition rate, mean eclosion and total developmental period of the insects treated with different products of Plumeria rubra. The highest number of eggs oviposited and ecloded were 85.4 and 81. 6 respectively, which were significantly different when compared with the values of 43.2 and 40.2 obtained when the root bark powder was applied. The ...
A comparative study of the effects of undigested and anaerobically digested poultry manure and co... more A comparative study of the effects of undigested and anaerobically digested poultry manure and conventional inorganic fertilizer on the growth characteristics and yield of maize was investigated at Ibadan, Nigeria. The pot experiment consisted of sixty (60) nursery bags, set out in the greenhouse. The treatments, thoroughly mixed with soil, were: control (untreated soil), inorganic fertilizer, (NPK 20:10:10) applied at the 120 kgN/ha; air-dried undigested and anaerobically digested manure applied at 12.5 g/pot, or 25.0 g/pot or 37.5 g/pot, and or 50.0 g/pot. Plant height, stem girth, leaf area, number of leaves at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and stover mass and grain yield were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P 0.05 was used to further determine the relationships among the factors investigated. Generally, results in respect of crops treated with digested manure, were quite comparable with those treated with undigested manure and inorganic fertilizer, right f...
values were 0.02, 0.45, 0.01, 0.445, 0.135, 0.09, 0.245 and 0.155 mg/l respectively. In the surfa... more values were 0.02, 0.45, 0.01, 0.445, 0.135, 0.09, 0.245 and 0.155 mg/l respectively. In the surface water samples, the minimum concentrations of Pb, As, Cd and Cr were below detection level, while the maximum concentrations of Pb, As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Fe and Mn were respectively 0.075, 0.05, 0.001, 0.445, 0.120, 0.065, 0.45 and 0.16 mg/l. No evidence of contamination of these water supply sources with heavy metals was found going by the fact that the values obtained were lower than the guideline values established by the World Health Organization. A possible exception is As which in some samples had higher concentrations than the WHO guideline. The recommendations of the study include continuous and close monitoring of these private drinking water supplies. There must also be strict compliance to regulatory limits in sludge and wastes to be released into the environment, and enforcement of other environmental protection regulations. Findings from this study will be of immense help to...
Aims : Researches into a host of energy deployment options and creative policy initiatives contin... more Aims : Researches into a host of energy deployment options and creative policy initiatives continue in respect of renewable energy and this paper highlights some of the recent advances observed. It investigates the potentials of some second generation biofuels such as manure, tuber peels and other by-products of agriculture in providing biogas, bioethanol and biodiesel, and those of hydro power, solar energy and wind energy and also identifies workable options which can help in meeting energy demand particularly in the developing world. Study design: Desk study with a focus on literature. Observations: The European Union has manifested the most ambitious goal thus far in respect of the development of renewable energy sources and application by adopting a binding target of 20% renewable energy in final energy consumption by 2020. A pathway has also been outlined towards a 100% renewable energy supply system by 2050 for electricity, heating, cooling and transport for the European Unio...
Ethanol was synthesized from cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) and a production rate of 145 l/t... more Ethanol was synthesized from cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) and a production rate of 145 l/tonne was obtained. An experiment was then designed to run a gasoline engine for 1 hr during each test, using pure gasoline as control, and 1:9 (i.e ethanol 10%; E10) and 2:8 (i.e ethanol 20%; E20) ethanol:gasoline mixing ratios as fuels. Three replicates were undertaken for each run. The generator used was a Ferma Brand Model SPG 950, 4.0 L fuel tank capacity, 0.9 kW single cylinder engine without any modification. In each test, engine performance was measured in terms of power output, voltage rating, electric current supply, and fuel consumption and compared to the technical parameters for the generator. Loads consisting of 40, 60 and 100 W incandescent lamps as well as 20 W fluorescent and 18 W low energy lamps were connected to the circuit in various combinations and their performances observed. The indicators of performance for the E10 fuel mixture did not depart significantly from t...
The aim was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals, in soil and groundwater at automobil... more The aim was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals, in soil and groundwater at automobile mechanic villages located in Ibadan, Nigeria, compare the results with guidelines from various countries, draw conclusions and make recommendations. Soil and groundwater samples from 7 automobile mechanic villages and a control site in Ibadan, Nigeria were analysed for selected heavy metals namely: Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni. Soil samples were obtained in triplicates and at depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30, 30 to 45 and 45 to 60 cm. Water samples were obtained from dug wells at the sites. Overall, values of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cr in the workshop soil samples ranged from 0.41 to 17.23; 1.48 to 476.0; 18.25 to 15100; 2.0 to 25.0 and 2.0 to 29.75 mg.kg
British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2016
There is need for engineers to search for alternative power source as it is important due to need... more There is need for engineers to search for alternative power source as it is important due to need for a cleaner source of power that is environmental friendly. Fuelless power generator as fuelless generation is a device that is understood to function without the need for internal combustion engine which usually request for fuel as a source of input while power inverter or an inverter is an electrical power converter that changes direct current (D.C) to alternating current (A.C). Both inverter and fuelless power generating set was designed and constructed at Federal College of Agriculture, Moor Plantation Ibadan, Nigeria by the author. This research will focus on comparison of the two devices in terms of there load performance. The performance evaluation of the machine revealed that when there is no load acting on the machine, the efficiency of the machine is said to be at 0%. It can be concluded that the machine had the highest efficiency of 97.40% at a load of 100W and the lowest efficiency of 71.70% at a load of 600W. It was also observed that there is a Original Research Article
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