Asia's dramatic entry on to the global biotech scene has not gone unnoticed by commentators and s... more Asia's dramatic entry on to the global biotech scene has not gone unnoticed by commentators and social scientists. Countries like China, India, South Korea and Singapore have been identified as ‘emerging biotech powers’. Consequently scholars have begun examining the particularities of how biotechnologies (eg stem cell science, genetic testing and reproductive medicine) have come to be taken up and grounded in a variety of cultural, legal and socioeconomic contexts. They have also examined how governments, scientists, clinicians and others have been engaged in efforts to build up endogenous biotech sectors as a part of nation-building strategies. In this article, rather than attempting to answer questions of what makes biotechnology particularly Asian, I will instead investigate how demarcations and boundaries are mooted in global negotiations of what constitutes ‘good’ biotechnology. The analysis is based on a collaborative project between Chinese and European scientists and experts on the ethical governance of biomedical and biological research. I show how an underlying condition for the negotiations that took place within this collaboration was the proposition that difference matters when it comes to developing, organising, carrying out and overseeing biotechnological research in a particular country.
Given a prime number p and the Galois orbit O(x) of an element x of ℂp , the topological completi... more Given a prime number p and the Galois orbit O(x) of an element x of ℂp , the topological completion of the algebraic closure of the field of p-adic numbers, we are interested in the representation results for equivariant rigid analytic functions defined on ℙ1(ℂp ) \ O(x) with values in ℂp that vanishes at ∞.
To describe the mechanism of the electroporation of a biological membrane, a biomechanical model ... more To describe the mechanism of the electroporation of a biological membrane, a biomechanical model of the critical potential difference ΔΨ0 of electroporation has been developed, for a small membrane patch with an equivalent charge q, a mass m, a thickness L, on the positive or the negative side of a membrane and in a direct current pulse field. The model elucidates that: ΔΨ0 is proportional to mL2/qτo2 and exp(ΔE d/RT), where τ0 is the critical time width of the externally imposed electric pulse, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature of an electroporation system, ΔEd(>0) is a thermodynamic energy of molecules in the biological membrane and it has been defined as a net dragging energy between a patch and a membrane. By fitting two sets of experimental data (ΔΨ0vs. T),-ΔEd has been estimated in the range of noncovalent bonds (van der Weals, hydrogen and ionic interactions). This result is consistent with the current view of the cohesive forces in biological membranes. Using the model, a set of experimental data of ΔΨ0 vs. τ0 can be quantitatively fitted well also
Asia's dramatic entry on to the global biotech scene has not gone unnoticed by commentators and s... more Asia's dramatic entry on to the global biotech scene has not gone unnoticed by commentators and social scientists. Countries like China, India, South Korea and Singapore have been identified as ‘emerging biotech powers’. Consequently scholars have begun examining the particularities of how biotechnologies (eg stem cell science, genetic testing and reproductive medicine) have come to be taken up and grounded in a variety of cultural, legal and socioeconomic contexts. They have also examined how governments, scientists, clinicians and others have been engaged in efforts to build up endogenous biotech sectors as a part of nation-building strategies. In this article, rather than attempting to answer questions of what makes biotechnology particularly Asian, I will instead investigate how demarcations and boundaries are mooted in global negotiations of what constitutes ‘good’ biotechnology. The analysis is based on a collaborative project between Chinese and European scientists and experts on the ethical governance of biomedical and biological research. I show how an underlying condition for the negotiations that took place within this collaboration was the proposition that difference matters when it comes to developing, organising, carrying out and overseeing biotechnological research in a particular country.
Given a prime number p and the Galois orbit O(x) of an element x of ℂp , the topological completi... more Given a prime number p and the Galois orbit O(x) of an element x of ℂp , the topological completion of the algebraic closure of the field of p-adic numbers, we are interested in the representation results for equivariant rigid analytic functions defined on ℙ1(ℂp ) \ O(x) with values in ℂp that vanishes at ∞.
To describe the mechanism of the electroporation of a biological membrane, a biomechanical model ... more To describe the mechanism of the electroporation of a biological membrane, a biomechanical model of the critical potential difference ΔΨ0 of electroporation has been developed, for a small membrane patch with an equivalent charge q, a mass m, a thickness L, on the positive or the negative side of a membrane and in a direct current pulse field. The model elucidates that: ΔΨ0 is proportional to mL2/qτo2 and exp(ΔE d/RT), where τ0 is the critical time width of the externally imposed electric pulse, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature of an electroporation system, ΔEd(>0) is a thermodynamic energy of molecules in the biological membrane and it has been defined as a net dragging energy between a patch and a membrane. By fitting two sets of experimental data (ΔΨ0vs. T),-ΔEd has been estimated in the range of noncovalent bonds (van der Weals, hydrogen and ionic interactions). This result is consistent with the current view of the cohesive forces in biological membranes. Using the model, a set of experimental data of ΔΨ0 vs. τ0 can be quantitatively fitted well also
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