Socialdemcrat, I admire Amartya Sen, Stiglitz, Krugman, Darcy Ribeiro, Rodolfo Tuirán, Ariano Suassuna, Saramago, Fernando Pessoa, Pancho Villa, Luis Inacio Lula da Silva.
Introducción y objetivos Este estudio tiene como principal objetivo generar una metodolo-gía que ... more Introducción y objetivos Este estudio tiene como principal objetivo generar una metodolo-gía que permita identificar la población en pobreza moderada en diferen-tes fuentes de información. La pobreza moderada incluye a la población que se encuentra por encima de la línea de pobreza de capacidades y por debajo de la línea de pobreza de patrimonio 3 , de acuerdo con la metodo-logía producida por el Comité Técnico para la Medición de la Pobreza de SEDESOL, aplicada a la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Ho-gares entre los años 1992 y 2002. Este objetivo se deriva de la intención de diseñar una política es-pecialmente orientada a atender a este grupo, que se concentra en gran parte en el sector no estructurado de la economía, cuentan con mayores niveles de escolaridad que los pobres alimentarios, y en muchos casos no cuentan con escrituras de sus viviendas. La identificación de este grupo y sus principales características contribuirá a diseñar una estrategia para mejorar el ...
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2017
This article explores the narratives of women beneficiaries of different social policies in the M... more This article explores the narratives of women beneficiaries of different social policies in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, analyzing mothers discourses, attitudes and practices in the relationship to their children and, in particular, their commitment to supporting school tasks and their participation in school activities. Additionally, and especially, it looks at their daily work to instill the value of education, as well as practices and commitments between generations of mothers and children with the aim of preparing children with the aim of preparing the new generations to reach a higher level of human development, greater autonomy and increased well-being in their future trajectories. The qualitative methodology was applied: sixteen interviews with beneficiary mothers of social policies in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, and results were explored with the method of Speech Analysis. Results show that mothers from poor families who receive the benefits o...
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2017
“The central question of this research concerns how poverty is related to 7 familial and social c... more “The central question of this research concerns how poverty is related to 7 familial and social conditions and, in particular, to sex and the self-declaration of color. Relations between groups would be the source of prejudice; gender discrimination and racism can be understood within the framework of intergroup competition for scarce resources (Maslow 1942; Sherif et al 1966), according to the perspective of realistic intergroup conflicts (Campbell 1965, 1965a) or Tajfel’s (1983 pp.305) theory on prejudice as a symbolic competition in relations between categorizations, social asymmetries and discrimination. The quantitative analysis is based on a database containing beneficiaries of social policies provided by the Ministry of Social Development and Hunger Alleviation, focusing on gender and race inequalities amongst poor people in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Data includes eight million individual people or three million families who have, at some time, applied for social policy benefits, and could currently be considered beneficiaries or potential beneficiaries. The factors related to poverty are analyzed focusing on families rather than individuals. Results show that social policies have been able to reduce the impact of poverty and race inequalities. However, racism operates in the society, since poverty - particularly extreme poverty - is more frequent and likely among households with indigenous, black and parda (mixed) heads of households, even after controlling other individual, familial and contextual factors. Heads of households with a lower educational level, female and young, indigenous, black and parda heads of households are likely to have poor or extremely poor families, particularly in the smaller municipalities”.
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2018
This article analyses how social policies affect the relationships of female beneficiaries with t... more This article analyses how social policies affect the relationships of female beneficiaries with their partners, relatives, friends and neighbours in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Brazil. Relations between groups can involve gender discrimination, racism and social prejudices, which is understandable within the concept of intersectionality, in comparison to the framework of intergroup competition for scarce resources or according to the perspective of realistic intergroup conflicts. Methods: A qualitative methodology combined interviews with beneficiaries of Conditioned Cash Transfers programs (CCT) and other social programs, as well as with focus groups comprising of these beneficiaries, their relatives, friends and neighbours. Results: social programs have been able to reduce the impact of poverty and have improved gender empowerment and partners’ relationships within the families. However, prejudices and intergroup conflicts emerge between beneficiaries with small children ...
In this research, racism is defined as a multidimensional configuration of beliefs, emotions and ... more In this research, racism is defined as a multidimensional configuration of beliefs, emotions and behavioral guidelines to discriminate against black individuals. A representative survey was applied to 634 workers of public and private health services in the municipality of Camaçari, State of Bahia, Brazil, to explore technical knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and behaviors regarding to inequalities and racism. Principal Component Analysis was used to reduce and classify 40 sentences into standardized profiles of sets of components represent the sharing of social attitudes, beliefs on racism among health personnel. Results show that racism is expressed mainly through subtle expressions. Most of the health personnel disagree to asking the patients’ color. Health personnel who self-declare as white would accept explicit expressions of racism: that black patients would be more violent by nature; those who self-declared as brown would accept that humiliating jokes against black patients...
Handbook of Family Policies Across the Globe, 2013
In Mexico, several specific laws, regulations, and policies for families were applied according t... more In Mexico, several specific laws, regulations, and policies for families were applied according to the political fragmentation and social inequalities, in the face of fragmented regulations and rights and multiple actors allowing access to policies. Poor families live with little and low-quality land and housing, labor instability and precarious conditions of employment, and low wages, and moreover face demographic challenges such as the well-being of three or four generations living together. In the last two decades, policies of nutrition, education, healthcare, childcare, and cash transfers have increased their coverage at local and national levels, although there is a lot of institutional overlapping in responsibilities and resources. Mexico has developed good practices through laws, regulations, and policies to eliminate family poverty and to promote welfare and social inclusion, implementing innovative programs to support more vulnerable families and their specific needs. However, it is relevant to establish negotiations, agreements, and contracts to encourage cooperation among sectors and among local and national levels at legislative, judiciary, and executive systems in order to expand and consolidate the results achieved.
This article analyses exchanges of support between the elderly and adult generations and by gende... more This article analyses exchanges of support between the elderly and adult generations and by gender, based on data from the United Nations household survey in Mexico City (SABE, 2000), and the National Study of Ageing and Health (ENASEM, 2001). Results indicate that in Mexico both generations — elderly parents and adult children — provide support, such as money, services, care or gifts for grandchildren, according to gender roles and the generation's resources. Men provide monetary support and reproduce their role as family providers, but this role depends on having an income from work and, in later years, a pension, a more common situation among men than among women. Women develop their female domestic role as caregivers. They do not have a formal income, but receive informal economic support and offer services and care to their relatives, reproducing their invisible and unpaid work during their life course. Both types of support are widely exchanged between elderly parents and ...
This article aims to analyze some of the government experiences to promote the management capacit... more This article aims to analyze some of the government experiences to promote the management capacities of public officials in poverty reduction policies – in particular, the Conditional Cash Transfer Programs (CCTP) of four countries: Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and the Dominican Republic. The methodology includes a bibliographic review and the analysis of government documents such as plans and reports on capacity development for the CCTPs’ officials, and interviews with groups with the managers responsible for the training in each country, performed via Skype or telephone. Based in the bibliography review, the main issues of the capacity development strategy were included in a question guide on the management, objectives, design, contents, implementation, infrastructure, budget and evaluation and of the training programs in each country. Results were analyzed using the content analysis technique, according to the sets of concepts and questions asked in the interviews, and comparing the ...
Introducción y objetivos Este estudio tiene como principal objetivo generar una metodolo-gía que ... more Introducción y objetivos Este estudio tiene como principal objetivo generar una metodolo-gía que permita identificar la población en pobreza moderada en diferen-tes fuentes de información. La pobreza moderada incluye a la población que se encuentra por encima de la línea de pobreza de capacidades y por debajo de la línea de pobreza de patrimonio 3 , de acuerdo con la metodo-logía producida por el Comité Técnico para la Medición de la Pobreza de SEDESOL, aplicada a la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Ho-gares entre los años 1992 y 2002. Este objetivo se deriva de la intención de diseñar una política es-pecialmente orientada a atender a este grupo, que se concentra en gran parte en el sector no estructurado de la economía, cuentan con mayores niveles de escolaridad que los pobres alimentarios, y en muchos casos no cuentan con escrituras de sus viviendas. La identificación de este grupo y sus principales características contribuirá a diseñar una estrategia para mejorar el ...
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2017
This article explores the narratives of women beneficiaries of different social policies in the M... more This article explores the narratives of women beneficiaries of different social policies in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, analyzing mothers discourses, attitudes and practices in the relationship to their children and, in particular, their commitment to supporting school tasks and their participation in school activities. Additionally, and especially, it looks at their daily work to instill the value of education, as well as practices and commitments between generations of mothers and children with the aim of preparing children with the aim of preparing the new generations to reach a higher level of human development, greater autonomy and increased well-being in their future trajectories. The qualitative methodology was applied: sixteen interviews with beneficiary mothers of social policies in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, and results were explored with the method of Speech Analysis. Results show that mothers from poor families who receive the benefits o...
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2017
“The central question of this research concerns how poverty is related to 7 familial and social c... more “The central question of this research concerns how poverty is related to 7 familial and social conditions and, in particular, to sex and the self-declaration of color. Relations between groups would be the source of prejudice; gender discrimination and racism can be understood within the framework of intergroup competition for scarce resources (Maslow 1942; Sherif et al 1966), according to the perspective of realistic intergroup conflicts (Campbell 1965, 1965a) or Tajfel’s (1983 pp.305) theory on prejudice as a symbolic competition in relations between categorizations, social asymmetries and discrimination. The quantitative analysis is based on a database containing beneficiaries of social policies provided by the Ministry of Social Development and Hunger Alleviation, focusing on gender and race inequalities amongst poor people in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Data includes eight million individual people or three million families who have, at some time, applied for social policy benefits, and could currently be considered beneficiaries or potential beneficiaries. The factors related to poverty are analyzed focusing on families rather than individuals. Results show that social policies have been able to reduce the impact of poverty and race inequalities. However, racism operates in the society, since poverty - particularly extreme poverty - is more frequent and likely among households with indigenous, black and parda (mixed) heads of households, even after controlling other individual, familial and contextual factors. Heads of households with a lower educational level, female and young, indigenous, black and parda heads of households are likely to have poor or extremely poor families, particularly in the smaller municipalities”.
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2018
This article analyses how social policies affect the relationships of female beneficiaries with t... more This article analyses how social policies affect the relationships of female beneficiaries with their partners, relatives, friends and neighbours in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Brazil. Relations between groups can involve gender discrimination, racism and social prejudices, which is understandable within the concept of intersectionality, in comparison to the framework of intergroup competition for scarce resources or according to the perspective of realistic intergroup conflicts. Methods: A qualitative methodology combined interviews with beneficiaries of Conditioned Cash Transfers programs (CCT) and other social programs, as well as with focus groups comprising of these beneficiaries, their relatives, friends and neighbours. Results: social programs have been able to reduce the impact of poverty and have improved gender empowerment and partners’ relationships within the families. However, prejudices and intergroup conflicts emerge between beneficiaries with small children ...
In this research, racism is defined as a multidimensional configuration of beliefs, emotions and ... more In this research, racism is defined as a multidimensional configuration of beliefs, emotions and behavioral guidelines to discriminate against black individuals. A representative survey was applied to 634 workers of public and private health services in the municipality of Camaçari, State of Bahia, Brazil, to explore technical knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and behaviors regarding to inequalities and racism. Principal Component Analysis was used to reduce and classify 40 sentences into standardized profiles of sets of components represent the sharing of social attitudes, beliefs on racism among health personnel. Results show that racism is expressed mainly through subtle expressions. Most of the health personnel disagree to asking the patients’ color. Health personnel who self-declare as white would accept explicit expressions of racism: that black patients would be more violent by nature; those who self-declared as brown would accept that humiliating jokes against black patients...
Handbook of Family Policies Across the Globe, 2013
In Mexico, several specific laws, regulations, and policies for families were applied according t... more In Mexico, several specific laws, regulations, and policies for families were applied according to the political fragmentation and social inequalities, in the face of fragmented regulations and rights and multiple actors allowing access to policies. Poor families live with little and low-quality land and housing, labor instability and precarious conditions of employment, and low wages, and moreover face demographic challenges such as the well-being of three or four generations living together. In the last two decades, policies of nutrition, education, healthcare, childcare, and cash transfers have increased their coverage at local and national levels, although there is a lot of institutional overlapping in responsibilities and resources. Mexico has developed good practices through laws, regulations, and policies to eliminate family poverty and to promote welfare and social inclusion, implementing innovative programs to support more vulnerable families and their specific needs. However, it is relevant to establish negotiations, agreements, and contracts to encourage cooperation among sectors and among local and national levels at legislative, judiciary, and executive systems in order to expand and consolidate the results achieved.
This article analyses exchanges of support between the elderly and adult generations and by gende... more This article analyses exchanges of support between the elderly and adult generations and by gender, based on data from the United Nations household survey in Mexico City (SABE, 2000), and the National Study of Ageing and Health (ENASEM, 2001). Results indicate that in Mexico both generations — elderly parents and adult children — provide support, such as money, services, care or gifts for grandchildren, according to gender roles and the generation's resources. Men provide monetary support and reproduce their role as family providers, but this role depends on having an income from work and, in later years, a pension, a more common situation among men than among women. Women develop their female domestic role as caregivers. They do not have a formal income, but receive informal economic support and offer services and care to their relatives, reproducing their invisible and unpaid work during their life course. Both types of support are widely exchanged between elderly parents and ...
This article aims to analyze some of the government experiences to promote the management capacit... more This article aims to analyze some of the government experiences to promote the management capacities of public officials in poverty reduction policies – in particular, the Conditional Cash Transfer Programs (CCTP) of four countries: Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and the Dominican Republic. The methodology includes a bibliographic review and the analysis of government documents such as plans and reports on capacity development for the CCTPs’ officials, and interviews with groups with the managers responsible for the training in each country, performed via Skype or telephone. Based in the bibliography review, the main issues of the capacity development strategy were included in a question guide on the management, objectives, design, contents, implementation, infrastructure, budget and evaluation and of the training programs in each country. Results were analyzed using the content analysis technique, according to the sets of concepts and questions asked in the interviews, and comparing the ...
Uploads
Papers by Cristina Gomes