Calculul structurii de rezistenta a unei hale metalice

Date de proiectare:

n  22
L  1800 cm  10 n  cm  20.2 m
H  450cm  5 n  cm  5.6 m
T  5.2m
nt  7
  7deg
L
h  tan ( )   1.24 m
2
h  1.25m

Amplasament : Satu Mare

Evaluarea incarcarii din zapada-conform CR 1-1-3-2012

kN
s k  1.5  Is  1 Ce  1  i  0.8 Ct  1
2
m

kN
s  s k   Is  Ce Ct  i  1.2
2
m

Evaluarea incarcarii din vant-conform CR 1-1-4-2012

Ht  H  h  6.85 m

-categoria de teren III

pe verticala-directia x
g Iw  1 q b  0.4kPa

we  g Iw cpe q p  ze  
3
b  20.2m d  36.4m

ze  Ht Ht
 0.188
d
 
e  min b 2 Ht  13.7 m

2 2
q p ( z)  cpq  c0  cr  q b z0  0.3m zmin  5m

1
 2
c0  1 kr  0.214 kr  0.046 b  2.35

cr  kr  ln 
H
  0.626 g  3.5
 z0 
2.35
Ivz   0.321
2.5 ln 
H

 z0 
cpq  1  2 g  Ivz  3.248

2 2
q p  cpq  c0  cr  q b  0.51 kPa
cpe.A  1.2
wxA  g Iw cpe.A  q p  0.612 kPa

cpe.B  0.8
wxB  g Iw cpe.B q p  0.408 kPa
cpe.C  0.5
wxC  g Iw cpe.C q p  0.255 kPa
cpe.D  0.7
wxD  g Iw cpe.D q p  0.357 kPa
cpe.E  0.3
wxE  g Iw cpe.E q p  0.153 kPa

-pe verticala pe directia y

b  36.4m d  20.2m

Ht
ze  Ht  0.339
d

e  min b 2 Ht  13.7 m 
cpe.A  1.2
wyA  g Iw cpe.A  q p  0.612 kPa
cpe.B  0.8
wyB  g Iw cpe.B q p  0.408 kPa
cpe.C  0.5
wyC  g Iw cpe.C q p  0.255 kPa

 0.25   0.8 
hd    cpe   
 1   0.7 

2
cpe.D  linterp ( hd cpe 0.339)  0.788

wyD  g Iw cpe.D q p  0.402 kPa

 0.25   0.5 
hd    cpe   
 1   0.3 
cpe.E  linterp ( hd cpe 0.339)  0.476

wyE  g Iw cpe.E q p  0.243 kPa

Pentru acoperis
pe directia x

b  36.4m d  20.2 m


e  min b 2 Ht  13.7 m 
Ht
ze  Ht  0.339
d

 Ht 
cr  kr  ln    0.669
z0
 
2.35
Ivz   0.3
 Ht 
2.5 ln  
 z0 
cpq  1  2 g  Ivz  3.103

A  4.69
2 2
q p  cpq  c0  cr  q b  0.556 kPa

 5  2.5 
gr    val   
 15   2.0 
cpe1  linterp ( gr val 7)  2.4

 5  1.7 
gr    val   
 15   0.9 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  1.54


cpe  cpe1  cpe10  cpe1  log ( A )  1.823 
wxFs  g Iw cpe q p  1.014 kPa

3
  5  0
gr    val   
 15   0.2 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.04

wxFp  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.022 kPa

 5  1.2 
gr    val   
 15   0.8 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  1.12
wxGs  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.623 kPa

 5  0
gr    val   
 15   0.2 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.04
wxGp  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.022 kPa

 5  0.6 
gr    val   
 15   0.3 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.54

wxHs  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.3 kPa

 5  0
gr    val   
 15   0.2 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.04
wxHp  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.022 kPa

 5  0.6 
gr    val   
 15   1.0 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.68

wxJs  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.378 kPa

 5  0.2 
gr    val   
 15   0
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.16
wxJp  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.089 kPa

 5  0.6 
gr    val   
 15   0.4 

4
 cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.56

wxIs  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.312 kPa

 5  0.6 
gr    val   
 15   0 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.48

wx2Is  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.267 kPa

pe directia y
d  36.4m
b  20.2m


e  min b 2 Ht  13.7 m 
Ht
ze  Ht  0.188
d

 Ht 
cr  kr  ln    0.669
 z0 
2.35
Ivz   0.3
 Ht 
2.5 ln  
 z0 
cpq  1  2 g  Ivz  3.103

A  4.69
2 2
q p  cpq  c0  cr  q b  0.556 kPa

 5  2.5 
gr    val   
 15   2.0 
cpe1  linterp ( gr val 7)  2.4

 5  1.7 
gr    val   
 15   0.9 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  1.54


cpe  cpe1  cpe10  cpe1  log ( A )  1.823 
wyFs  g Iw cpe q p  1.014 kPa

5
  5  0
gr    val   
 15   0.2 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.04

wyFp  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.022 kPa

A  9.14
2 2
q p  cpq  c0  cr  q b  0.556 kPa

 5  2.0 
gr    val   
 15   1.5 
cpe1  linterp ( gr val 7)  1.9

 5  1.2 
gr    val   
 15   0.8 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  1.12


cpe  cpe1  cpe10  cpe1  log ( A )  1.15 
wyGs  g Iw cpe q p  0.64 kPa

 5  0
gr    val   
 15   0.2 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.04

wyGp  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.022 kPa

 5  0.6 
gr    val   
 15   0.3 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.54

wyHs  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.3 kPa

 5  0
gr    val   
 15   0.2 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.04
wyHp  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.022 kPa

 5  0.6 
gr    val   
 15   0.4 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.56

6
 wyIs  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.312 kPa

 5  0.6 
gr    val   
 15   0 
cpe10  linterp ( gr val 7)  0.48

wy2Is  g Iw cpe10 q p  0.267 kPa

Presiunea minima si maxima pe verticala

 
wesv  min wxA wxBwxCwxD wxEwyA wyBwyCwyD wyE  0.612 kPa

wepv  max wxA wxBwxCwxD wxEwyA wyBwyCwyD wyE  0.402 kPa

Presiunea minima si maxima pe acoperis

 
wesa  min wxFs wxFp wxGs wxGp wxHs wxHp wxJs wxJp wxIs wx2Is wyFs wyFp wyGs wyGp wyHs wyHp wyIs wy2Is  1.014 kPa

wesa  1.014 kPa

 
wepa  max wxFs wxFp wxGs wxGp wxHs wxHp wxJs wxJp wxIs wx2Is wyFs wyFp wyGs wyGp wyHs wyHp wyIs wy2Is  0.089 kPa

wepa  0.089 kPa

s  1.2 kPa

Alegerea panourilor
wesa  1.014 kPa
wepa  0.089 kPa

P  1.5 wepa  1.05 s  1.394 kPa

S  1.5 wesa  1.521 kPa

2
2  L
L'  h   2  10.177 m
L'  10.20m
 
aleg :
kN
d pan  10cm mp  0.1234
2
m
mpanou  mp  T L 2  25.924 kN

7
KS1000RW pt acoperis

kN
Pp  1.5 wepa  0.134
2
m

kN -la o deschidere de 3 m;
Sp  1.5 wesa  1.521
2
m

aleg :
d pan  0.1 m

KS1000RW pt pereti
mpanou.2  mp  T H 2  7.187 kN

Dimensionarea panelor

Pd  1.35 mp  1.5 wepa  1.05 s  1.56 kPa

Sd  1.5 wesa  1.521 kPa

-aleg Z120/1.5+1.5+Z120/1.5
kN kN
Pr  1.83 Sr  1.89
2 2
m m

2
A pana  338mm

kN
Gpana  0.028
m

mpana  Gpana T 7  1.019 kN

-alegerea profilelor C
kN
kN kN g c  0.02
Pc  0.77 Sc  0.918 m
2 2
m m

-aleg C100/1.2 mc  g c H 4  0.448 kN

s u  s  T L' 2 0.4  50.918 kN

8
 Forta taietoare de baza:

Evaluare incarcarilor seismice conform P100-1/2013

ag  0.15g

TC  0.70s TB  0.14s TD  3s Ht  6.85 m

u
 0  2.5  1.15 CT  0.085
1

q  3.5 1.15  4.025

3
4
T1p  CT 6.85  0.36 s

0 m m
Sd  ag   0.914 > 0.2 ag  0.294
q 2 2
s s

 Ie  1
  1
Fb   Ie Sd  m 

calculul masei structurii

kN kN
g s  0.88 g g  1.22
m m

ms  2g s  H  9.856 kN

mg  2 g g  L'  24.888 kN

mpanou  mpanou  mpana  mc  ms  mg  s u 4

m   1.417  10 kg
g

-Forta seismica de baza

Fb   Ie Sd  m   12.948 kN

9
 Verificari structurale
Efectul imperfectiunilor:
1
 0 
200 Ht  6.85 m
2
h 
6.85

0.5  1 
1
m  
 2
3
   0 h  m  3.309  10

Stalp [HE300A] reducem sectiunea din considerente economice aleg [HEA260] - caracteristici
sectionale:

2 2
h s  250mm A s  86.8 10  mm

b s  260mm h is  225mm

tws  7.5mm d s  177mm tfs  12.5mm

4 4 4 4
Iy  10450 10  mm Iz  3668 10  mm
3 3 3 3
W el.y  836.4 10  mm W el.z  282.1 10  mm

3 3 3 3
W pl.y  919.8 10  mm W pl.z  430.2 10  mm

4 4
It  52.37 10  mm
9 6
2 2 Iw  516.4 10  mm
A vz  28.76 10  mm

Verificarea propriu-zisa:
-din infasuratoare ne rezulta momentul maxim si N si T aferent, deasemenea Mmax rezulta din
combinatia 6;

Mmax  240.61kN m

Ned.af  127.69kN Ved.af  66.72kN

10
-combinatia 6 ne da momentul maxim si fortele axiale si taietoare maxime deci vom folosi la
dimensionarea si verificarea elementelor structurale;

Med  240.61kN m

Ned  127.69kN Ved  66.72kN

 M2  1.25
 M0  1.00

 M1  1.00

N N 235
fy  275 fu  430  s   0.924
2 2 275
mm mm

Ned  Ned  0.15 Ved  137.698 kN

-clasa sectiunii transversale:

-pentru inima;

cs  d s  0.177 m

Ned
d N   0.067 m
t ws  fy
ds  d N
s   0.689 s  0.50  1
2 d s

cs cs 396  s
 23.6  1 -clasa 1
t ws t ws 13   1

-pentru talpa;

b s  tws
cst   0.126 m
2

tfs  0.013 m

cst
 10.1
t fs

cst 9  s cst 9  s
 1  1 -clasa 1;
t fs  t fs  

11
 => alegem clasa 1:

Verificari de rezistenta(calculul sectiunilor);

Forta taietoare:

  1 A vz    h is  tws  1

fy
A vz
3
Vpl.Rd   456.626 kN
 M0

Ved  0.50 Vpl.Rd  1

Efort Axial;
A s  fy 3
Npl.Rd   2.387  10  kN
 M0 Npl.Rd.s  Npl.Rd

Ned  Npl.Rd  1

Ned  0.25 Npl.Rd  1

0.5 h is  t ws  fy
Ned  1
 M0

Moment incovoietor:

W pl.y  fy
Mpl.y.Rd   252.945 kN m
 M0

Med  Mpl.y.Rd  1

Verificarea de stabilitate-stalp
-determinarea lungimilor si coeficientilor de flambaj

Lst  H  5.6 m Lgr  L'  10.2 m  z  1 Lcrz   z Lst

-pe directia z vom considera stalpul dublu articulat

12
 4 4
Iygr  33740 10  mm
4 4
Iyst  Iy  1.045  10  cm

 Iygr  Lst
k      1.773 -stalpul incastrat in fundatie=>
 Lgr  Iyst

N
 y  1.09816 Lcry   y  Lst Es  210000 Gs  0.4 Es
2
mm
2
  Es  Iyst 3
Ncry   5.727  10  kN
2
Lcry

A s  fy
 y   0.646
Ncry
hs
 0.962 tfs  12.5 mm y  0.21 -curba c;
bs =>

 y  0.5  1  y   y  0.2   y
2
     0.755
1
 y   0.872
2 2
y   y  y

Izst  Iz

2
  Es  Izst 3
Ncrz   2.424  10  kN
2
Lcrz

A s  fy
 z   0.992
Ncrz

hs
 0.962 tfs  12.5 mm z  0.34 -curba b;
bs =>

 z  0.5  1  z  z  0.2   z   1.127

1
    2
 z   0.602
2 2
z   z  z

13
 -pt flambaj lateral"
Lcr.lat  Lst

M1  240.61kN m M2  133.03kN m

M2
y   0.553 => C1  2.06
M1
4 4
Iwst  Iw Itst  85.17 10  mm

2 2
C1   Es  Izst Iwst Lcr.lat  Gs  Itst 3
Mcr.lat     1.043  10  kN m
2 Izst 2
Lcr.lat   Es  Izst
hs
 0.962 =>curba de flambaj c; lat  0.49
bs

W pl.y  fy
 lat   0.493
Mcr.lat

 lat  0.5  1  lat   lat  0.2   lat

2
     0.693

1
 lat   0.847
2 2
 lat   lat   lat

-determinarea factorilor de interactiune k.yy si k.zy

Ned Ned
1 1
Ncry Ncrz
 y   0.997  z   0.977
Ned Ned
1   y 1   z
Ncry Ncrz

W pl.y
y   1.1 W pl.z
W el.y z   1.525 => limitam la 1,5 =>
W el.z z  1.5

Ned Itst 3
pl   0.058 alat   8.15  10
Npl.Rd.s Iyst

4 4
I0st  Iyst  Izst  1.412  10  cm

14
 As  2 Iwst 
Ncrt    Gs  Itst    Es    6.497  103 kN
I0st 
Lcr.lat 
2
 
o  1 => C1  1
pt calculul lui λ.o vom considera

2
  Es  Izst  I Lcr.lat  Gs  Itst 
2
  
wst
Mcr0  1   506.135 kN m
2  Izst 2 
Lcr.lat   Es  Izst
 

W pl.y  fy
 0   0.707 Ncrtf  Ncrt -pt o sectiune dublu simetrica
Mcr0
4
 Npl.Rd.s   Npl.Rd.s 
 0  0.2 C1  1   1   1 => folosim al doilea set de formule
Ncrz Ncrtf
   

Ned
Cmy0  0.79  0.2 y  0.36 y  0.33 
Ncry
 0.672  
Med As
 y    18.134
Ned W el.y

 y  alat
Cmy  Cmy0  1  Cmy0     0.683
1  y  alat

2 alat 3
Cmlat  Cmy   3.955  10
 Ned   Ned 
 1  N   1  
Ncrt
 crz   

Cmlat  1  1 Cmlat  1

Medz  0
d lat  0 b lat  0


 max  max  y  z  0.992 

Cyy  1  y  1    2   Cmy   max   pl  b lat  1.004

1.6 1.6
 y
2

 Cmy   max 
y
2 2

  

15
 W el.y
Cyy  1
W pl.y


 Cmy   max 
2 2 
  
Czy  1   y  1  1  2  14     d    1.088
  5  pl lat 
y
   
y W el.y
Czy  0.6  1
z W pl.y

-factori de interactiune

y 1
kyy  Cmy  Cmlat    0.695
Ned Cyy
1
Ncry

z 1 y
kzy  Cmy  Cmlat    0.6  0.323
Ned Czy z
1
Ncry

-verificarea de stabilitate

Ned Med
 kyy   0.846
 y  Npl.Rd.s  lat  Mpl.y.Rd (daca reduc sectiunea de la HEA260 la HEA 240 nu imi mai
rezulta verificarea)
Ned Med
 kzy   0.458
 z Npl.Rd.s  lat  Mpl.y.Rd

Grinda [IPE 600]-reducem sectiunea grinzii din considerente economice[IPE 450]-caracteristici sectionale:

2 2
h p  450mm A p  98.8 10  mm

b p  190mm h ip  420.8mm

twp  9.4mm d p  378.8mm tfp  14.6mm

2 2
A vz.p  50.9 10  mm

16
 3 3 3 3
W el.y.p  1500 10  mm W el.z.p  176 10  mm

3 3 3 3
W pl.y.p  1702 10  mm W pl.z.p  276 10  mm

4 4
Iyp  33740 10  mm

4 4
Izp  1676 10  mm
4 4
Itp  66.9 10  mm

9 6
Iwp  791 10  mm

Verificarea propriu-zisa:
-din infasuratoare ne rezulta momentul maxim si N si T aferent, deasemenea Mmax rezulta din
combinatia 6;

Mmax.p  311.16kN m

Ned.af.p  81.07kN Ved.af.p  111.85kN

-combinatia 6 ne da momentul maxim si fortele axiale si taietoare maxime deci vom folosi la
dimensionarea si verificarea elementelor structurale;

Med.p  311.16kN m
Ved.p  111.85kN
Ned.p  81.07kN

Ned.p  Ned.p  0.15 Ved.p  97.847 kN

-clasa sectiunii transversale:

-pentru inima;

cp  d p  0.379 m

Ned.p
d N   0.038 m
twp  fy
dp  dN
p   0.55 s  0.50  1
2 d p

cp cp 396  s
 40.298  1 -clasa 1
t wp t wp 13   1

17
 -pentru talpa;

b p  twp
cpt   0.09 m
2

tfp  0.015 m

cpt
 6.185
tfp

cpt 9  s cpt 9  s
 1  1 -clasa 1;
tfp  tfp  

=> alegem clasa 1 pentru ca daca verifica la clasa 1 va verifica la toate clasele mai inferioare;

Verificari de rezistenta(calculul sectiunilor);

Forta taietoare:

  1 A vz.p    h ip  t wp  1

fy
A vz.p 
3
Vpl.Rd.p   808.146 kN
 M0

Ved.p  0.50 Vpl.Rd.p  1

Efort Axial;
A p  fy 3
Npl.Rd.p   2.717  10  kN
 M0

Ned.p  Npl.Rd.p  1

Ned.p  0.25 Npl.Rd.p  1

0.5 h ip  twp  fy
Ned.p  1
 M0

18
 Moment incovoietor:

W pl.y.p  fy
Mpl.y.Rd.p   468.05 kN m
 M0

M ed.p
Med.p  Mpl.y.Rd.p  1  0.665
M pl.y.Rd.p

Verificarea de stabilitate-grinda
-determinarea lungimilor si coeficientilor de flambaj

Lgr  10.2 m Lcry  Lgr

Lcrz  Lcry

2
  Es  Iyp 3
Ncry   6.721  10  kN
2
Lcry

A p  fy
 y   0.636
Ncry

hp
 2.368 tfp  14.6 mm y  0.21 -curba a;
bp =>

 y  0.5  1  y   y  0.2   y
2
     0.748
1
 y   0.876
2 2
y   y  y

2
  Es  Izp
Ncrz   333.882 kN
2
Lcrz

A p  fy
 z   2.853
Ncrz

hp
 2.368 tfp  14.6 mm z  0.34 -curba b;
bp =>

19
  z  0.5  1  z  z  0.2   z   5.02
  2
 

1
 z   0.109
2 2
z   z  z

-pt flambaj lateral"

Lcr.lat  Lgr

M1  311.16kN m M2  216.28kN m

M2
y   0.695 => C1  1.913
M1

2 2
C1   Es  Izp Iwp Lcr.lat  Gs  Itp
Mcr.lat     296.509 kN m
2 Izp 2
Lcr.lat   Es  Izp

=>curba de flambaj a; lat  0.21

W pl.y.p  fy
 lat   1.256
Mcr.lat

 lat  0.5  1  lat   lat  0.2   lat

2
     1.4

1
 lat   0.495
2 2
 lat   lat   lat

-determinarea factorilor de interactiune k.yy si k.zy

Ned.p Ned.p
1 1
Ncry Ncrz
 y   0.998  z   0.73
Ned.p Ned.p
1   y 1   z
Ncry Ncrz

W pl.y.p
y   1.135 W pl.z.p
W el.y.p z   1.568 => limitam la 1,5 =>
W el.z.p z  1.5

20
 Ned.p Itp 3
pl   0.036 alat   1.983  10
Npl.Rd.p Iyp

4 4
I0p  Iyp  Izp  3.542  10  cm

Ap  2 Es  Iwp 
Ncrt    Gs  Itp      2.007  103 kN
I0p 
Lcr.lat 
2
 
o  1 => C1  1
pt calculul lui λ.o com considera

2
  Es  Izp  I Lcr.lat  Gs  Itp 
2
  
wp
Mcr0  1   154.997 kN m
2  Izp 2 
Lcr.lat   Es  Izp
 

W pl.y.p  fy
 0   1.738 Ncrtf  Ncrt -pt o sectiune dublu simetrica
M cr0
4
 Npl.Rd.p   Npl.Rd.p 
 0  0.2 C1  1   1   1 => folosim al doilea set de formule
Ncrz Ncrtf
   

Ned.p
Cmy0  0.79  0.2 y  0.36 y  0.33 
Ncry
 0.646  
Med.p Ap
 y    20.946
Ned.p W el.y.p

 y  alat
Cmy  Cmy0  1  Cmy0     0.649
1  y  alat

2 alat 3
Cmlat  Cmy   1.018  10
 Ned.p   Ned.p 
 1  N   1  N 
 crz   crt 

Cmlat  1  1 Cmlat  1

Medz  0 d lat  0 b lat  0


 max  max  y  z  2.853 

21
 Cyy  1  y  1    2   Cmy   max   pl  b lat  0.978
1.6 1.6
  y
2
 Cmy   max 
y
2 2

  

W el.y.p
Cyy  1
W pl.y.p

  2
Cmy   max
2 
Czy  1   y  1   1    2  14     d    1.021
  5  pl lat 
y
   
y W el.y.p
Czy  0.6  1
z W pl.y.p

-factori de interactiune

y 1
kyy  Cmy  Cmlat    0.672
Ned.p Cyy
1
Ncry

z 1 y
kzy  Cmy  Cmlat    0.6  0.246
Ned.p Czy z
1
Ncry

-verificarea de stabilitate  M1  1

Ned.p M ed.p Ned.p Med.p

 kyy   0.943  kyy  11
 y  Npl.Rd.p  lat M pl.y.Rd.p  y  Npl.Rd.p  lat Mpl.y.Rd.p

Ned.p Med.p
 kzy   0.659 Ned.p Med.p
 z Npl.Rd.p   kzy  11
lat  Mpl.y.Rd.p  z Npl.Rd.p  lat  Mpl.y.Rd.p

22
Dimensionare contravantuiri

-in planul peretilor

-din programul de calcul static sap am obtinut prin incarcarea structurii din vant si seism contravantuire de
tip tirant care lucreaza doar la intindere

Nedc  36.87kN

Nedc 2
A nec   1.341 cm
fy
2
A seff  1.54cm
-aleg dispunerea contravantuirilor de ϕ14

fy
Nrd  A seff   42.35 kN Nedc
1  0.871
Nrd

-in planul acoperisului

-din programul de calcul static sap am obtinut prin incarcarea structurii din vant si seism
contravantuire de tip grinda cu zabrele

Nedc  49.53kN

Nedc 2
A nec   1.801 cm
fy
2
A seff  2.01cm
-aleg dispunerea contravantuirilor de ϕ16

fy
Nrd  A seff   55.275 kN Nedc
1  0.896
Nrd

Barele de legatura din planul acoperisului

Ned  48.26kN

  0.7 -factor de pierdere a stabilitatii

Ned 2
A snec   250.701 mm
  fy

lcr  T  5.2 m

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-verificare la flambaj a tevii
aleg teava circulara cu R55*
2
 d 3 2
d  55mm A b   2.376  10  mm
4

4
 d 5 4
Ib   8.984  10  mm
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2
  Es  Ib
Ncrb   68.859 kN
2
lcr

A b  fy
   3.08
Ncrb

  0.49 -curba c;

  0.5  1   (   0.2)  
2
  5.95

1
   0.091
2 2
   

fy
Nrd    A b   59.18 kN
1

Ned
 0.815
Nrd

24