DL
DL
DL
x3 x5 x2n+1
sin(x) = x − + + · · · + (−1)n + x2n+1 ε(x)
3! 5! (2n + 1)!
x2 x4 x2n
cos(x) = 1 − + + · · · + (−1)n + x2n ε(x)
2 4! (2n)!
x2 x3 xn+1
ln(1 + x) = x − + + · · · + (−1)n + xn+1 ε(x)
2 3 n+1
x2 x3 xn
ex = 1 + x + + + ··· + + xn ε(x)
2 3! n!
1
= 1 − x + x2 − x3 + · · · + (−1)n xn + xn ε(x)
1+x
a(a − 1) 2 a(a − 1)(a − 2) 3 a(a − 1)(a − 2)...(a − n + 1) n
(1 + x)a = 1 + ax + x + x + ··· + x + xn ε(x)
2 3! n!
x3 x5 x2n+1
sinh(x) = x + + + ··· + + x2n+1 ε(x)
3! 5! (2n + 1)!
x2 x4 x2n
cosh(x) = 1 + + + ··· + + x2n ε(x)
2 4! (2n)!
x3 2x5
tan(x) = x + + + x5 ε(x)
3 15
x3 2x5
th(x) = x − + + x5 ε(x)
3 15
x3 x5 x2n+1
arctan(x) = x − + + · · · + (−1)n + x2n+2 ε(x)
3 5 2n + 1
x3 x2n+1
argth(x) = x + + ··· + + x2n+2 ε(x)
3 2n + 1
1.x3 1.3.x5 1.3.5....(2n − 1)x2n+1
arcsin(x) = x + + + ··· + + x2n+2 ε(x)
2.3 2.4.5 2.4.6....(2n)(2n + 1)
1.x3 1.3.5....(2n − 1)x2n+1
argsh(x) = x − + · · · + (−1)n + x2n+2 ε(x)
2.3 2.4.6....(2n)(2n + 1)
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx + xε(x)
√ 1
1 + x = 1 + x + xε(x)
2
1
= 1 − x + xε(x)
1+x
sin x = x + x2 ε(x)
tan x = x + x2 ε(x)