Proto-bantou
Apparence
Proto-bantou | |
Langues filles | langues bantoues |
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Classification par famille | |
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Codes de langue | |
IETF | bnt[1]
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ISO 639-2 | bnt[1]
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ISO 639-5 | bnt [1]
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modifier ![]() |
Le proto-bantou, ou bantou commun, est une langue préhistorique et reconstruite sans témoignage écrit, supposée être à l'origine de toutes les langues dites « bantoues ». Elle a été très partiellement reconstruite à partir de la comparaison entre les langues, actuelles ou anciennes, qui en sont issues. Notre connaissance du proto-bantou repose donc sur la linguistique comparée, et notamment sur la phonétique historique. On peut reconstruire quelques aspects de phonologie de lexique et de morphologie.
Lexique
[modifier | modifier le code]Les tableaux suivants présentent son lexique selon Bastin et al. (2002)[2]:
Plantes
[modifier | modifier le code]proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*dembedembe | Cassia petersiana | Caesalpiniaceae | arbrisseau | shrub | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
*dʊmbʊe | Ixonanthaceae | arbuste à tubercules comestibles | shrub with edible tuber | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
*tʊgʊnda | Vangueria sp. | Rubiaceae | arbuste épineux | thorn-shrub | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*pʊkʊ | Vernonia conferta | Compositae | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||||
*cʊmbʊ | Manihot esculenta | Euphorbiaceae | manioc | cassava | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*jʊ̀mbàtɪ̀ | Manihot esculenta | Euphorbiaceae | manioc | cassava | LLL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J |
*dʊndʊ | Manihot esculenta | Euphorbiaceae | manioc | cassava | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: H L | ||
*dʊ́ngʊ́ | piment ; poivre | red pepper; pepper | HH | N 9/10, (11/10) | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 7: A B C H K L R | ||
*dʊ́ʊ́ngʊ́ | poivre | shrub: pepper | HHH | N 9/10, (11/10) | Pas d'opposition établie V/VV dans ce contexte. | ||
*kómà | Grewia spp. | Tiliaceae | HL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*kʊ́dianjánà | Clerodendrum myricoides | Verbenaceae | H__HL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*cèngèdè | Bambusoideae | bambou | bamboo | LLL | 3 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: L M S | |
*cʊ́nʊ́nʊ́ | Bambusoideae | bambou | bamboo | HHH | 3/4 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: F L M | |
*gànò | Bambusoideae | bambou | bamboo | LL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
*cèngʊ́ | Bambusoideae | bambou | bamboo | LH | 11 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |
*donge | Bambusoideae | bambou | bamboo | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J M | |||
*njú | Arachis sp. | Fabaceae | arachide | groundnut | H | N | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: B H |
*jʊ̀gʊ́ | Fabaceae | arachide | groundnut | LH | N 9/10, (11/10) | Regions 4: NW NE SE - Zones 5: B C E G S | |
*jʊ̀kʊ́ | Fabaceae | arachide | groundnut | LH | N 11 | Regions 3: NW SE - Zones 2: C S | |
*jʊ́ngʊ́ | Cucurbita sp. | Cucurbitaceae | courge | pumpkin | HH | N 3/4, 5/6 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 7: E F J L M N P |
*tʊʊtʊ | Cucurbitaceae | courge | pumpkin | Regions 3: SW NE - Zones 2: K J | |||
*pʊ̀dí | Cucurbita sp. | Cucurbitaceae | courge | pumpkin | LH | N (5/6) | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 5: E L M N S |
*cʊʊca | Cucurbitaceae | feuille de courge | pumpkin leaf | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |||
*kʊ́ndè | Phaseolus sp. | Fabaceae | haricot | bean | HL | N 5/6, 9/10, 11/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 11: A C D E G K L M N P R |
*kʊ̀á | Dioscorea | igname sp. | yam sp. | LH | N 7/8 | Regions 4: NW SW NE - Zones 4: A B E H | |
*kutɪ | Entada gigas | Mimosaceae | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||||
*cʊcʊ | ortie sp. | nettle sp. | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*jʊ̀mbʊ̀ | Ipomoea batatas | Convolvulaceae | patate douce | sweet potato | LL | 7 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: J L M |
*tʊda | Solanum nigrum | Solanaceae | solanée sp. | nightshade | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 4: E G N S | ||
*kuanka | Nicotiana tabacum | Solanaceae | tabac | tobacco | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
*tamba | Ipomoea sp. | Convolvulaceae | patate douce | sweet potato | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: C L | ||
*cʊ́á | Poaceae sp. | HH | N | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: D E F H J L M S | |||
*mʊ̀dɪ̀ | Poaceae sp. | LL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |||
*nàdì | Parinari spp. | Rosaceae | LL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*gomeda | Mitragyna rubrostipulata | Rubiaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*tàmbiá | Pouzolzia hypoleuca | Urticaceae | L_H | 3+9 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
*dàgò | plante médicinale à bulbe | medicinal plant with bulb | LL | N 5 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*jènyè | plante odorante sp. | fragrant plant sp. | LL | 11 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L | ||
*dàndà | plante rampante sp. ; liane | creeping plant sp.; liana | LL | N 3 | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 3: C D J | ||
*bónò | Ricinus communis | Euphorbiaceae | ricin | castor-oil plant | HL | N 3/4, (5/6) | Regions 4: NW SW Ce NE - Zones 6: B E G J H M |
*mónò | Ricinus communis | Euphorbiaceae | ricin | castor-oil plant | HL | N (3/4), (11/10) | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 5: H K L M R |
*genge | Spondias spp. | Anacardiaceae | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||||
*camba | Lannea sp. | Anacardiaceae | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||||
*kinga | Papowia obovata | Anonaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: M S | ||||
*pingampada | Blechnaceae sp. | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | |||||
*támbá | Bombacaceae sp. | HH | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |||
*bombʊe | Boscia spp. | Capparaceae | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||||
*jamba | Cannabinaceae sp. | chanvre | hemp | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 4: H K L M | |||
*godo | Combretum spp. | Combretaceae | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 3: E N S | ||||
*kòndè | Euphorbia ingens | Euphorbiaceae | LL | N 3 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
*dɪ́anjònì | Sapotaceae sp. | Euphorbiaceae | H_LL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: G J | ||
*ciici | Symphonia sp. | Guttiferae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: F J | ||||
*congʊa | Garcinia huillensis | Guttiferae | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: K L M | ||||
*kóndè | Phaseolus sp. | Fabaceae | haricot | bean | HL | N 11 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C |
*démbé | Strophanthus spp. | Apocynaceae | liane toxique | poisoness creeper | HH | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M |
*támbá | Strychnos sp. | Loganiaceae | HH | 3 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 2: E S | ||
*jóngójàmbá | Albizzia spp. | Mimosaceae | HHLH | N | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*ceeno | Ficus spp. | Moraceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*kòmí | Myrianthus arboreus | Moraceae | LH | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*céngà | Pycnanthus spp. | Myristicaceae | HL | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*panga | Maesa lanceolata | Myrsinaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*koma | Arecaceae spp. | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: E F L | |||||
*còngú | Maesopsis eminii | Rhamnaceae | LH | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*bónòbónò | Ricinus communis | Euphorbiaceae | ricin | castor oil plant | HLHL | N 3/4 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J M |
*bɪdʊ | Vangueria sp. | Rubiaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: E G | ||||
*cambɪa | Sapotaceae spp. | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 4: E G J M | |||||
*dede | Sterculia africana | Sterculiaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: N S | ||||
*godia | Sterculia spp. | Sterculiaceae | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 3: E G S | ||||
*bábì | Urera tenax | Urticaceae | HL | N | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
*joco | Oryza sativa | Poaceae | riz | rice | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||
*pʊ̀ngà | Oryza sp. | Poaceae | riz | rice | LL | N 3 | Distribution provisoirement réunie avec HH, fiche 2656. A étudier. Diffusion ? |
*pʊ̀ngá | Oryza sp. | Poaceae | riz | rice | LH | N 3 | Distribution provisoirement réunie avec HH, fiche 2656. A étudier. Diffusion ? |
*pʊ́ngá | Oryza sp. | Poaceae | riz | rice | HH | N 3 | Regions 4: NW Ce NE SE - Zones 9: C E G J L M N P S |
*tétè | HL | N 5/6, (11/10) | LL en L31a luba-Ks . VV en J . | ||||
*dʊ̀ndʊ̀ | liane à caoutchouc | gum creeper | LL | 14-Sep | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L | ||
*tʊ́pɪ̀ | Landolphia sp. | Apocynaceae | liane à caoutchouc | gum creeper | HL | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C |
*bʊ̀ngò | Landolphia sp. | Apocynaceae | liane et son fruit | creeper and fruit | LL | N 5 - 3 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 7: E G J L M N S |
*bʊ́gʊ́ | liane sp. | creeper sp. | HH | 3-Sep | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: E J | ||
*cʊ̀dɪ́ | liane sp. | creeper sp. | LH | 11 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*dʊ̀gʊ̀ | Piper guineense | Piperaceae | liane sp. | creeper sp. | LL | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C |
*nyàngá | Landolphia buchananii | Apocynaceae | LH | 11 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: L S | ||
*ntʊ̀kʊjìnama | Clematis | Ranunculaceae | L_L__ | N 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L | ||
*tétè | roseau ; liane | reed; liana | HL | N 5/6, (11/10) | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 13: B C D F G H K L M N P R S | ||
*càngà | roseau spp. | reed spp. | LL | 11 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
*déngé | Poaceae sp. | roseau | reed | HH | 5 | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 3: C D L |
Arbres
[modifier | modifier le code]proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*càmbà | Brachystegia spp. | Caesalpiniaceae | LL | N 3 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 4: C K L M | ||
*tɪ́ | arbre ; bâton | tree; stick | H | N 3/4 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 14: A B C D E F G H J K L M R S | ||
*tungo | Anisophyllea | Anisophylleaceae | arbre (fruit comestible) | tree (edible fruit) | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: H L M | ||
*bɪ́dɪ́ | Canarium schweinfurthii | Burseraceae | arbre (safoutier) | HH | N 3 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 6: A C D H K L | |
*cʊpi | Bombacaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: G J | |||||
*camba | Commiphora | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*nyíngà | Pterocarpus sp. | arbre à bois rouge | tree with red wood | HL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: F | |
*còngòdè | Strychnos cocculoides | Loganiaceae | arbre à fruits comestibles | tree with edible fruits | LLL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M |
*bʊ̀dɪ̀ | Diplorhynchus sp. | Apocynaceae | arbre à glu | bird-lime tree | LL | 3/4 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L |
*pɪ̀dà | arbre à gomme ; caoutchouc | rubber-tree; rubber | LL | N 3 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 8: D E G J L M N S | ||
*bʊ̀jʊ́ | Adansonia digitata | Bombacaceae | arbre baobab | baobab | LH | N 3/4 | Regions 4: NW Ce NE SE - Zones 5: C G M N S |
*jìngà | arbre épineux | thorn-tree | LL | N | C1 y chez Gt. | ||
*ngà | arbre épineux | thorn-tree | L | N | Gt ps 200 | ||
*gʊ̀ngà | Acacia sp. | Mimosaceae | arbre épineux | thorn-tree | LL | N 3/4, 5/6 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: E G J K L M N S |
*kʊda | Pterocarpus sp. | Fabaceae | arbre fournissant poudre rouge | tree providing red powder | HL | N 3 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: K L M |
*kòmè | Strychnos spp. | Loganiaceae | arbre fruitier | fruit tree | LL | 3 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: J L M |
*kabu | Ancistrophyllum secundiflorum | Arecaceae | arbre palmier | palm-tree | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||
*cʊgʊcʊgʊ | Phoenix reclinata | Arecaceae | arbre palmier | palm-tree | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*bude | Salix subserrata | Salicaceae | arbre saule | willow | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: M S | ||
*dímàmʊ̀dɪ̀dò | arbre sp. | HLLLL | N 7 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 2: J S | |||
*càcè | arbre sp. (bois utilisé pour mortiers) | tree sp. (wood used for mortars) | LL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
*bʊmbo | Lannea sp. | Anacardiaceae | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 4: J L M S | ||||
*kùkà | Alstonia congensis | Apocynaceae | LL | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A C | ||
*bàmbʊ̀àngòmà | Balanites aegyptiaca | Apocynaceae | LLLLL | N 3 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: L M S | ||
*bàmbʊ̀àngòmà | Carissa edulis | Balanitaceae | LLLLL | N 3 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: L M S | ||
*cʊbo | Brachystegia sp. | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L | ||||
*tʊ́pà | Euphorbia candelabrum | Euphorbiaceae | euphorbe candélabre | HL | 3 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J L | |
*pʊndʊ | Parinari mobola | Rosaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*pʊʊpʊe | Fagara sp. | Rutaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*toba | Diplorhynchus spp. | Apocynaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: M N S | ||||
*càcà | Sapium ellipticum | Euphorbiaceae | LL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: F J | ||
*jɪba | Acacia sp. | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||||
*dódò | Anona spp. | Anonaceae | HL | N 3 | Regions 4: NW SW Ce SE - Zones 6: C H K L M S | ||
*kompua | Carissa edulis | Apocynaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*jengede | Diplorhynchus mossambicensis | Apocynaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*kudʊ | Polyscias sp. | Araliaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: E J | ||||
*dámbà | baobab | baobab | HL | N 3/4 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 3: E G P | ||
*dámbé | baobab | baobab | HH | N 3/4 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: N P | ||
*bídʊ | bibassier (dit néflier) | medlar tree | H_ | 3 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 4: F G J S | ||
*cɪoda | Markhamia platycalyx | Bignoniaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*búgangòmà | Cordia sp. | Boraginaceae | H_LL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*jɪ́dɪ́ | Canarium schweinfurthii | Burseraceae | HH | N | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A C | ||
*pùmbè | Caesalpiniaceae | LL | 3/4 | Regions 3: SW Ce NE - Zones 4: J K L M | |||
*kamba | Afzelia quanzensis | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 2: E S | ||||
*caka | Brachystegia spp. | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: M | ||||
*pʊ̀mí | Erythrophleum guineense | Caesalpiniaceae | LH | N | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 4: C D K M | ||
*tʊkʊtʊ | Piliostigma thonningii | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: N S | ||||
*dama | Piliostigma thonningii | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*gùmbú | Schotia romii | Caesalpiniaceae | LH | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*dàdé | Schwarzia madagascariensis | Caesalpiniaceae | LH | 9 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: K L M | ||
*dʊdʊe | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||||
*konono | Terminalia spp. | Combretaceae | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||||
*damane | Combretum ghasalense | Combretaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: M S | ||||
*pʊmpa | Combretum sp. | Combretaceae | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||||
*dàmá | Combretum spp. | Combretaceae | LH | 3 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 6: E F J L M N | ||
*cʊ́cʊ̀ | Terminalia sp. | Combretaceae | HL | 3 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
*dʊdʊdia | Vernonia sp. | Compositae | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 2: J S | ||||
*ntʊ̀pìita | Ebenaceae | LL__ | N 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
*ntʊ̀kapìita | Ebenaceae | L_L__ | N 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
*pumbo | Diospyros batocana | Ebenaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*kenge | Diospyros spp. | Ebenaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: L S | ||||
*pɪ́ngò | ébène | ebony-tree | HL | N 3/4 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 5: E G N P S | ||
*caca | Macaranga sp. | Euphorbiaceae | Regions 3: NW NE - Zones 2: C J | ||||
*cʊ̀kʊ̀ | Uapaca sp. | Euphorbiaceae | LL | 3 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 4: L M N S | ||
*kʊ̀cʊ̀ | Uapaca sp. | Euphorbiaceae | LL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
*dɪ̀ndì | Erythrina sp. | Fabaceae | LL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*dʊngʊ | Erythrina sp. | Fabaceae | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 3: E J S | ||||
*bàngá | Pericopsis angolensis | Fabaceae | LH | N 3 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 5: J K L M S | ||
*dombʊa | Pterocarpus angolensis | Fabaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*kʊ́nyʊ̀ | Moraceae | figuier | fig-tree | HL | N 3/4 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J M | |
*kʊ́jà | Ficus sp. | Moraceae | figuier | fig-tree | HL | N | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: L S |
*kʊ́jʊ̀ | Ficus sp. | Moraceae | figuier | fig-tree | HL | N 3/4, 7/8 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 12: D E F G H J K L N P R S |
*pudu | Irvingiaceae sp. | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |||||
*jembe | manguier | mango-tree | N 3 | Regions 3: SW Ce NE - Zones 5: E H J L M | |||
*dʊdʊ | Meliaceae sp. | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: L M S | |||||
*bʊba | Mimosaceae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J M | |||||
*cangʊ | Mimosaceae spp. | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: M S | |||||
*gàndò | Acacia spp. | Mimosaceae | LL | 11 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*cebeja | Albizzia spp. | Mimosaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*pʊngɪ | Bosqueia angolensis | Moraceae | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||||
*bude | Chlorophora excelsa | Moraceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 3: E G J | ||||
*dʊ̀ndʊ́ | Chlorophora excelsa | Moraceae | LH | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*tàbà | Ficus | Moraceae | LL | 3 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K M | ||
*dʊmba | Ficus sp. | Moraceae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: D J L | ||||
*gùmò | Ficus sp. | Moraceae | LL | 3/4 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 3: G J S | ||
*còmbò | Myrtaceae spp. | LL | 3 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: K L M | |||
*donko | Milletia sp. | Papilionaceae | petit arbre | small tree | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*túdà | Sclerocarya birrea caffra | Anacardiaceae | noyer sauvage | wild nut-tree | HL | 3/4 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: N S |
*kɪ̀ndʊ́ | Phoenix reclinata | Arecaceae | LH | N 3/4 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: E G J K L M P S | ||
*dàdá | Arecaceae | palmier ; palme | palm-tree; palm-frond | LH | N 3/4 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 7: G H L M N P S | |
*bádè | Arecaceae | palmier sp. ; nervure de palme ; palme | palm-tree; midrib of palm-frond; leaf of palm | HL | N 3/4, 7/8 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: B E G K L M P R | |
*téndé | Elaeis guineensis | Arecaceae | palmier | palm-tree | HH | N (3/4) | Regions 4: NW SW NE - Zones 3: A G H |
*téndé | Elaeis guineensis | Arecaceae | palmier | palm-tree | HH | N (3/4) | |
*tèmbè | Ensete | plantain sauvage | wild plantain | LL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
*canɪnga | Faurea sp. | Proteaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*tobo | prunier sauvage | wild plum | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: M N P | ||||
*bóngò | Raphia humilis | HL | 5 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 3: B D H | |||
*kʊndʊ | Mitragyna rubrostipulata | Rubiaceae | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: E | |||
*dʊdʊ | Chrysophyllum albidum | Sapotaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*pumbʊ | Tiliaceae | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |||||
*dʊndʊ | Celtis sp. | Ulmaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: E | ||||
*jʊpue | Myrianthus holstii | Urticaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*kudʊ | Vitex sp. | Verbenaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 3: E G J | ||||
*kudʊmbʊa__HL | Vitex sp. | Verbenaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*kútʊ̀ | Vitex sp. | Verbenaceae | HL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
*kútʊ̀kɪnka | Vitex sp. | Verbenaceae | HL__ | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L | ||
*dìgá | Arecaceae | noix de palme | nut of oil-palm | LH | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |
*jʊ̀mbá | Elaeis guineensis | Arecaceae | noix de palme de l'arbre | palm nut of tree | LH | 11 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C |
*gàdí | Arecaceae | noix de palmier à huile | nut of oil-palm | LH | N 9/10, (11/10) | Gt 768 | |
*nkòndò | Musaceae | banane | banana | LL | N 5/6, 7/8 | Agglutination de PN 9. | |
*tʊntʊ | Musa sp. | Musaceae | banane (à bière) | banana (for beer), fruit of Musaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*nyamʊjinyʊ | Musaceae | banane comestible sp. | edible banana sp. | HL | N 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
*kòndè | Musaceae | banane | banana | LL | N 5/6, (7/8) | Regions 4: NW SW Ce NE - Zones 11: A B C D F H K L M N R | |
*kòndò | Musaceae | banane | banana | LL | N 5/6, 7/8 | Regions 4: NW SW NE - Zones 6: A B C G H K | |
*tuka | Musa sp. | Musaceae | banane (fruit de l'arbre) | banana (fruit of plant) | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||
*kòòndè | Musaceae | banane | banana | LLL | N 5/6, (7/8) | Pas d'opposition établie V/VV dans ce contexte. | |
*kòòndò | Musaceae | banane | banana | LLL | N 5/6, 7/8 | Pas d'opposition établie entre V/ VV dans ce contexte. |
Mammifères
[modifier | modifier le code]proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*játɪ́ | Syncerus caffer (nanus) | buffle | HH | N 9/10 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 5: B C M N R | ||
*bògó | Syncerus caffer | buffle | LH | N 9/10 | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 9: A C D E F G J M N | ||
*pàkàcà | Syncerus caffer | buffle | LLL | N 9/10 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 4: B H K L | ||
*játɪ̀ | Syncerus caffer (nanus) | buffle | HL | N 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: A | ||
*játì | Syncerus caffer (nanus) | buffle | HL | N 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A B | ||
*nyátɪ̀ | Syncerus caffer (nanus) | buffle | HL | N 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 9: B C E G M N P R S | ||
*kʊngʊdʊ | Loxodonta africana | éléphant adulte | adult elephant | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
*jàmbá | Loxodonta africana | éléphant | elephant | LH | 9/10 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: H L R | |
*jègù | Loxodonta africana | éléphant | elephant | LL | N (9/10) | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 3: A J L | |
*jògʊ̀ | Loxodonta africana | éléphant | elephant | LL | N 9/10 | Regions 3: SW SE - Zones 2: R S | |
*jògù | Loxodonta africana | éléphant | elephant | LL | N (9/6), 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 14: A B C D E F G J K L M N R S | |
*pʊdɪ | Loxodonta africana | éléphant | elephant | Regions 3: NW NE - Zones 2: B F | |||
*conɪ | Atelerix frontalis | Erinaceidae | hérisson | hedgehog | Regions 3: SW SE - Zones 2: R S | ||
*gʊ̀bú | Hippopotamus amphibius | hippopotame | hippopotamus | LH | N 9/10 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: H K L | |
*gùbʊ́ | Hippopotamus amphibius | hippopotame | hippopotamus | LH | N 9/6, 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 14: A B C D E F H J K L M N R S | |
*gùbú | Hippopotamus amphibius | hippopotame | hippopotamus | LH | N 9/6, 9/10 | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 3: C K R | |
*mondo | Leptailurus serval | Felidae | chat-tigre, serval | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J |
Antilopes
[modifier | modifier le code]proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*bindi | Cephalophus callipygus; Cephalophus nigrifrons | antilope | antelope | LH | A | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: A | |
*bàbàdá | guib | bushbuck | LLH | N 9/10 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 4: G N P S | ||
*pàmbí | guib | bushbuck | LH | 9 | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: C D | ||
*dooko | Hippotragus niger | antilope des sables | sable antelope | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L | |||
*cèpú | Taurotragus oryx | éland | LH | N (1a/2), (9/10) | Regions 3: SW Ce SE - Zones 5: H K L M P | ||
*cèkú | Tragelaphus oryx | éland | LH | N (1a/2), (9/10) | C2 ? Choix arbitraire. | ||
*tàmʊ̀ | Tragelaphus oryx | éland | LL | 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*cètú | Tragelaphus oryx | éland | LH | N (1a/2), (9/10) | C2 ? Choix arbitraire. | ||
*pàdá | Aepyceros melampus | impala | LH | N (3/4), 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 10: C E F G J L M P R S | ||
*cʊnʊ | Aepyceros melampus | impala | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*codongo | Tragelaphus sp. | kudu | Regions 1: SW - Zones 2: K R | ||||
*tándadá | Tragelaphus sp. | kudu | H_H | 9 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
*cɪ́dàbò | Ourebia ourebi | ourébi | oribi | HLL | 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
*kʊcʊ | Alcelaphus buselaphus | bubale | Regions 1: SW - Zones 1: R | ||||
*pòngò | Tragelaphus scriptus | guib | bushbuck | LL | N 9 | Regions 3: NW NE - Zones 4: A F G J | |
*kudupa | Cephalophus dorsalis | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |||||
*kʊdʊpa | Cephalophus dorsalis | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: C L | |||||
*bambɪ | Cephalophus sp. | Regions 1: SW - Zones 3: H K R | |||||
*tèngʊ́ | Hippotragus equinus | LH | N 9 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 6: C J K L M S | |||
*pùmbó | Hippotragus sp. | LH | 11 | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: C L | |||
*gʊ̀dʊ́dʊ | Oreotragus oreotragus (transvaalensis) | LH_ | 9/10 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | |||
*cama | Reduncinae spp. | waterbuck, reedbuck | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*jàdìà | Redunca arundinum | Reduncinae | reedbuck | LLL | 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
*kókó | Tragelaphus scriptus | HH | 3/4 | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: A H |
Rongeurs
[modifier | modifier le code]proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*cèngí | Thryonomys swinderianus | rat des roseaux ; rat-castor | cane-rat; beaver-rat | LH | N 9/10 | Regions 3: SW Ce SE - Zones 5: K L M N S | |
*cèndí | Thryonomys swinderianus | rat des roseaux ; rat-castor | cane-rat; beaver-rat | LH | N 9/10 | Réflexes ambigus de C2 : choix arbitraire. | |
*kengi | Thryonomys swinderianus | rat des roseaux ; rat-castor | cane-rat; beaver-rat | Pas d'attestation sûre. | |||
*kònjò | rat domestique | domestic rat | LL | N 5 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
*gode | rongeur ; rat | rodent; rat | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 2: G S | ||||
*dʊ̀ngʊ́ | porc-épic | porcupine | LH | N (7/8), 9/10 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 7: E F G M N R S | ||
*nʊ̀ngɪ́ | porc-épic | porcupine | LH | N (7/8) | Règle de Meinhof, cl. 9 attestée en N41. | ||
*nʊ̀ngʊ́ | porc-épic | porcupine | LH | N 9/10 | Règle de Meinhof. | ||
*nùngʊ́ | porc-épic | porcupine | LH | N 9/10 | Seule attestation plausible: R22. | ||
*dʊ̀ngɪ́ | Hystricidae | porc-épic | porcupine | LH | N | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: K M N | |
*pʊ́kʊ̀ | rat ; souris | rat; mouse | HL | N 1a/2, 5/6, 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 14: A B C D F G H K L M N P R S | ||
*dʊnga | souris (malodorante) sp. | mouse (ill smelling) sp. | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*cʊdʊ | Tatera sp. | Murides | souris | mouse | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L |
Singes
[modifier | modifier le code]proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*còkó | Cercopithecus spp. | LH | N 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: A C D G K L M S | |||
*jʊ̀mbʊ́ | Mandrillus sphinx | mandrill | mandrill | LH | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: A | |
*tʊmbɪdɪ | Cercopithecus | N | 9 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 3: G F S | |||
*gìdà | Gorilla gorilla | Cercopithecidae | LL | N 9 | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 3: A C D | ||
*pʊndʊ | chimpanzé | chimpanzee | Regions 3: SW NE - Zones 2: J K | ||||
*geje | Colobus spp. | colobe noir-et-blanc | black and white colobus | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J |
Oiseaux
[modifier | modifier le code]proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*dègè | tisserin | weaver-bird | LL | N 9/10 | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 7: B C E F G J M | ||
*joco | canard sauvage | wild duck | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*tɪ̀ɪ̀tɪ̀ | oiseau chanteur, fauvette | singing bird, warbler | LLL | 12 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
*cʊ́dè | Colius striatus | Coliidae | oiseau coliou | HL | 9/10 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
*pʊngʊa | oiseau de proie sp. | bird of prey sp. | N 1a | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
*bemba | oiseau de proie spp. | bird of prey spp. | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*kódì | oiseau de proie spp., faucon spp. | bird of prey spp., hawk spp. | HL | N (5/6), (7/8), 9/10, 11/10, (12/13), (19/13) | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 12: A B C D G J K L M N R S | ||
*kʊ̀tà | oiseau sp. | bird sp. | LL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
*dʊ̀kʊ̀ | oiseau sp. | bird sp. | LL | N 9 | Regions 4: NW NE SE - Zones 3: C J S | ||
*dʊmbʊa | oiseau sp. (volant en groupe) | bird sp. (flying in group) | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*pʊ́ngʊ́ | aigle ; corbeau ; oiseau de proie | eagle; crow; bird of prey | HH | N 5/6, 7/8, 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 11: A C E G H J K L N P S | ||
*pʊ́ngʊ̀è | aigle ; corbeau ; oiseau de proie | eagle; crow; bird of prey | HLL | N | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 4: F J L S | ||
*kʊadi | aigle pêcheur | fish eagle | N 9 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 5: J L M N P | |||
*camba | Accipitridae sp. | aigle | eagle | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |||
*poi | autruche | ostrich | Regions 3: SW SE - Zones 2: R S | ||||
*gòmbà | calao | hornbill | LL | 3+9 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
*cʊʊpe | canard | duck | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*cʊecʊe | canard ; oie | duck; goose | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||||
*kʊ́mbɪ́ | cigogne sp. | stork sp. | HH | N (9/10) | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 4: C K L R | ||
*kʊngʊbʊ | corbeau | crow | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: N S | ||||
*kʊ́mbɪ́ | faucon | hawk | HH | N (9/10) | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 3: A C L | ||
*gʊ̀àdɪ́ | francolin | francolin | LLH | N (7/8), 9/10 | Vérifier les réflexes de NC (contact PN 9 et C1). | ||
*kʊ̀àdɪ́ | Francolinus natalensis | francolin | francolin | LLH | N 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 11: A B C H J K L N P R S | |
*kʊ̀àdé | Francolinus natalensis | francolin | francolin | LLH | N (7/8), 9/10 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 8: E F G J L M N S | |
*cambɪ | grue couronnée | crested crane | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*tʊatʊa | héron sp. | heron sp. | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*jàngé | aigrette ; héron | heron; egret | LH | N 9 | Regions 3: SW Ce NE - Zones 5: E G H J L | ||
*cukudu | Strigidae | hibou | owl | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A C | |||
*puɪpuɪ | Strigidae | hibou | owl | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
*pʊ́ngʊ̀dʊ | Strigidae | hibou | owl | HL_ | N 7 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J L | |
*pʊʊnyɪda | Strigidae | hibou | owl | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |||
*bʊembʊeto | Upupidae | huppe | hoopoe | Regions 1: SW - Zones 1: K | |||
*nganga | ibis | ibis | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
*jondia | merle | blackbird | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*coode | Passer domesticus | Ploceidae | moineau | sparrow | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: C L | ||
*cʊ̀kʊ̀ | perroquet | parrot | LL | N 12 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: G M | ||
*dongo | perroquet | parrot | N 12 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L | |||
*kʊ̀cʊ̀ | perroquet | parrot | LL | N (1a/2), (9/6), 9/10 | Regions 4: NW SW Ce NE - Zones 9: A B C E F H J L M | ||
*gʊ̀cʊ̀ | perroquet sp. | parrot sp. | LL | N 9/10 | Pas de réflexes clairs de g . | ||
*jʊ́bà | pigeon | pigeon | HL | N 5 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 2: P S | ||
*pʊ́mpʊ́ | pigeon | pigeon | HH | 7+9 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*bɪmbɪ | pigeon sp. | pigeon sp. | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||||
*gɪ́bà | pigeon sp. | pigeon sp. | HL | N | Gt ps 216 | ||
*jɪ́bà | pigeon sp. | pigeon sp. | HL | N 5/6, 5/10 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 8: E F G J M N P S | ||
*jɪ́bà | pigeon sp. | pigeon sp. | HL | N | Gt C1 y /j: voir fiche 1591. | ||
*kʊ́ndá | pigeon sp. | pigeon sp. | HH | N (1a/2), 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: B G H L M N P R | ||
*bèmbɪ́ | pigeon spp. | pigeon spp. | LH | 9 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: H K L | ||
*kángà | pintade | guinea-fowl | HL | N 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 16: A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R S | ||
*kòkú | pintade | guinea-fowl | LH | N 11 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*cacɪ | pique-bœufs | tick-bird | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
*jukʊa | poule | chicken | Regions 1: SW - Zones 1: R | ||||
*kúbà | poule | chicken | HL | N 9/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 3: A B C | ||
*kʊ́kʊ̀ | poule | chicken | HL | N 9/10 | Distribution provisoirement avec HH, fiche 2021. Tons ? | ||
*kʊ́kʊ́ | poule | chicken | HH | N 9/10 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 11: G E F H K L M N P R S | ||
*kʊ́mbʊ́ | poule | chicken | HH | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L | ||
*cʊ́gé | poulet, jeune poule | chicken, young hen | HH | 7 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*cʊ̀ì | poussin | chick | LL | 12/13 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: E J | ||
*jò | rapace spp. | raptor spp. | L | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
*dègè | tisserin | weaver-bird | LL | N | Gt 522 | ||
*dʊba | touraco | turaco | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: H L M |
Poissons
[modifier | modifier le code]proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*bonde | Chrysichthys brachynema | Bagridae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D G | ||||
*kèké | Luciolates stappersi | Centropomidae | LH | N 3 | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 4: C D G J | ||
*nʊ̀ngɪ́ | Grammatotria lemairii | Cichlidae | LH | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
*dòmò | Haplochromis horei | Cichlidae | LL | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
*dʊnga | poisson salé et séché | salted and dried fish | N | 5 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
*dombe | Clariidae sp. | poisson silure | sheat-fish | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L | |||
*pàtà | poisson sp., avec nageoire venimeuse | fish sp., with venomous flipper | LL | 11 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
*bàndà | Hydrocynus sp. | Characidae | poisson tigre | tiger-fish | LL | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 4: D G L M |
*kodo | Clariidae sp. | poisson, silure | cat-fish | Regions 3: NW NE - Zones 3: A C J | |||
*càngàdà | Lates mariae | Centropomidae | LLL | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D G | ||
*gongo | Synodontis multipunctatus | Mochokidae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||||
*cimba | Marcusenius stanleyanus | Mormyridae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
*pété | Ctenopoma kingsleyae | Anabantidae | HH | 7/8 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*kʊ́ngá | Protopteridae sp. | anguille | eel | HH | N 3/4, 9/10 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: D E G L N P R S | |
*kámbà | Bagridae sp. | HL | 9 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |||
*bʊ̀já | Auchenoglanis occidentalis | Bagridae | LH | 7/8 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||
*nʊ̀ngú | Bagrus ubangensis | Bagridae | LH | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||
*bʊ̀kʊ̀ | Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus | Bagridae | LL | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*budʊe | Chrysichthys brachynema | Bagridae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
*tudi | Chrysichthys thysi | Bagridae | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||||
*kʊ́kʊ̀ | Parauchenoglanis pantherinus | Bagridae | HL | 5/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*kaba | Caranx hippos | Carangidae | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: B H | ||||
*gòmbà | Lates angustifrons | Centropomidae | LL | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
*pídì | Parachanna obscura | Channidae | HL | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*pʊngʊ | Alestes macrolepidotus | Characidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D G | ||||
*jábá | Alestes macrophthalmus | Characidae | HH | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*jéngè | Hepsetus odoe | Characidae | HL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: D L | ||
*gòdoko | Alestes rhodopleura | Characidae | L__ | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D G | ||
*bego | Lamprologus compressiceps | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
*dʊnda | Xenotilapia melanogenys | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
*dɪdɪma | Callochromis macrops melanostigma | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
*dàdà | Cyathopharynx furcifer | Cichlidae | LL | 5 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
*kóòkó | Haplotaxodon microlepis | Cichlidae | HLH | 11 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||
*kègé | Hemichromis elongatus | Cichlidae | LH | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*tíndí | Hemichromis elongatus | Cichlidae | HH | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*dʊ́dʊà | Lamprologus elongatus | Cichlidae | H_L | 3 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
*jekedede | Lamprologus callipterus | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
*kàdàkàtà | Lamprologus lemairei | Cichlidae | LLLL | 7 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
*kʊmbɪ | Lamprologus modestus | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
*púbépúbè | Limnochromis auritus | Cichlidae | HHHL | 7 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
*kʊngʊda | Limnotilapia dardennii | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: D G J | ||||
*búndú | Tilapia heudelotii | Cichlidae | HH | 7/8 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 3: A B C | ||
*gòtó | Clarias gariepinus | Clariidae | LH | 9/10 | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: B H | ||
*dʊ́mɪ́ | Clarias lazera | Clariidae | HH | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*càmbàngòdà | Heterobranchus longifilis | Clariidae | LLLL | 7 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||
*gòdà | Clarias pachynema | Clariidae | LL | N 9/10 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 4: A B D H | ||
*camba | Clupeidae sp. | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: A D | |||||
*dʊmba | Stolothrissa tanganicae | Clupeidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
*bíja | Limnothrissa miodon | Clupeidae | H_ | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
*cúí | Barbus compinei | Cyprinidae | HH | N | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A B | ||
*pʊndi | Barbus holotaenia | Cyprinidae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||||
*túngú | Labeo sp. | Cyprinidae | HH | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*pèní | Raiamas buchholzi | Cyprinidae | LH | 3/4 - 11/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*bàdàkà | Varicorhinus tanganicae | Cyprinidae | LLL | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
*cándʊ́ | Distichodus fasciolatus | Distichodontidae | HH | 5/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*cʊ̀kʊ̀ | Distichodus fasciolatus | Distichodontidae | LL | 5/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*kʊ̀cɪ̀ | Distichodus hypostomatus | Distichodontidae | LL | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*dèké | Malapterurus electricus | Malapteruridae | LH | 5/6 | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: B H | ||
*nyìngì | Malapterurus electricus | Malapteruridae | LL | 5/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A B | ||
*túdá | Malapterurus electricus | Malapteruridae | HH | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: B C | ||
*nyɪ̀ka | Malapterurus electricus | Malapteruridae | L_ | 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: G J | ||
*dòmbó | Mastacembelus ophidium | Mastacembelidae | LH | 3 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D G | ||
*bòngí | Synodontis polyodon | Mochokidae | LH | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A B | ||
*cʊ́ngʊ̀ | Synodontis polyodon | Mochokidae | HL | 9/10 - 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*pʊ̀ngɪ̀ | Synodontis polyodon | Mochokidae | LL | 5/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*jàdìtódì | Boulengeromyrus knoepffleri | Mormyridae | LLHL | 11/2 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
*mònó | Mugil sp. | Mugilidae | LH | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A B | ||
*dɪgɪdɪ | Xenomystus nigri | Notopteridae | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||||
*cíngá | Ophiocephalus | Ophiocephalidae | HH | 9 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*cèmbè | Protopterus aethiopicus congicus | Protopteridae | LL | 9 | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 3: C D G | ||
*combi | silure sp., anguille | sheat-fish sp., eel | Regions 3: SW Ce NE - Zones 3: H J L | ||||
*tutu | Tetraodon | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D |
Reptiles et insectes
[modifier | modifier le code]proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*kèkè | serpent aquatique sp. | aquatic snake sp. | LL | 9 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
*túɪda | serpent cracheur | spitting snake | H__ | N 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
*dóódó | Chlorophis sp. | serpent vert | green snake: Chlorophis sp. | HHH | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L | |
*bòmà | python | python | LL | N (3/4), 9/l0 | Regions 4: NW SW Ce SE - Zones 9: A B C H K L M R S | ||
*cátò | python | python | HL | N 9/10 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 10: D E F G J L M N P S | ||
*díémbé | tsetse fly | HHH | 12 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M |
Notes et références
[modifier | modifier le code]- code générique
- Bastin, Yvonne, André Coupez, Evariste Mumba et Thilo C. Schadeberg (éds) (2002). Reconstructions lexicales bantoues 3. Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale, Tervuren.
Voir aussi
[modifier | modifier le code]Liens internes
[modifier | modifier le code]Liens externes
[modifier | modifier le code]- (en) Bantu Lexical Reconstruction 3 (Reconstruction lexicale bantoue), Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale.
- (en) Guthrie’s Proto-Bantu forms (Formes proto-bantu de Guthrie)