The study was aimed at evaluating the hypoglycaemic effects of melatonin and Azadirachta indica a... more The study was aimed at evaluating the hypoglycaemic effects of melatonin and Azadirachta indica administration on blood glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Wistar rats. To achieve this, thirty Wistar rats were used in the study. The animals were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: Normal control + normal saline orally Group 2: Diabetic control + normal saline orally; Group 3: Diabetic + A. Indica (200 mg/kg b w) orally; Group 4: Diabetic + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP; Group 5: Diabetic + A. Indica (200 mg/kg b w) orally + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP; Group 6: Diabetic + metformin (500 mg/kg b w) orally. The extract and drug were administered once daily for a period of three (3) weeks respectively. The fasting Blood glucose level was taken at an interval of 7 days. The results showed that there was significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in blood glucose levels in Azadirachta indica leaves extract treated diabetic group (DAI), melatonin treated diabetic group (D...
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy, 2013
The anthropometric characteristics of 600 apparently healthy children of ages between 5 and 10 ye... more The anthropometric characteristics of 600 apparently healthy children of ages between 5 and 10 years of Gbagyi tribe of Abuja Nigeria, consisting of males (n = 300) with a mean age of 7.10 1.98 and females (n = 300) with a mean age of 7.68 1.86 were selected for the evaluation of their nutritional status using different anthropometric variables. The anthropometric characteristic of their height, age, weight, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), chest circumference and body mass index (BMI) was measured and analysed statistically for any significant difference, and correlation between the parameters studied. The results show some significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the anthropometric parameters and a significant correlation (≤0.001) between the height and BMI, and other parameters in males and females. The study derived a linear regression and a multiple linear regression equations for Gbagyi children from which height, age, weight, MUAC, chest circumference and BMI could be predicted if one factor is known. The results from the present study provided an insight into the nutritional status of Nigerian school children of Gbagyi tribe of Abuja using the BMI and MUAC which showed if a child is malnourished, overweight or obese. The results from the present study show that there is a positive correlation between height and age, and other parameters indicating that height could be predicted using age, weight, BMI, chest circumference and MUAC, while BMI and mid upper arm circumference could be a useful tool in the estimation of nutritional status among Nigerian school children of Gbagyi tribe of Abuja.
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy, 2016
Introduction: Ethanol consumption during pregnancy has been shown to jeopardize the health of the... more Introduction: Ethanol consumption during pregnancy has been shown to jeopardize the health of the mother and the embryo. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histological and biochemical changes associated with the administration of Tamarindus indica pulp extract (TIPE) on the cerebral cortex in prenatal ethanol exposed Wistar rats. Methodology: Twenty four (24) pregnant rats were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 received 1ml of distilled water, Group 2 received 200mg/kg of body weight (bw) of TIPE only, Group 3 received 300mg/kg bw of Vitamin E only, Group 4 received 0.1ml of olive oil only, Group 5 received 2ml (30%v/v) of ethanol only, Group 6 received 2ml (30% v/v) of ethanol and 200mg/kg bw of TIPE while Group 7 received 2ml (30% v/v) of ethanol and 300mg/kg bw of Vitamin E. All administrations were via gastric intubation and lasted from prenatal day (PD) 7 to 14. The dams were allowed to litter and the brain tissues of the pups were collected for biochemical and histological studies. Results: The result of oxidative stress studies showed significant decrease in the mean levels of catalase and glutathione concentration in Groups 5, 6 and 7 respectively when compared with the Control (P < 0.05), while the mean concentration of malondialdehyde showed significant increase in Group 5 when compared to the Control (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in the mean level of superoxide dismutase in all the Groups. The result of sialic acid assay showed significant decrease in the mean level of free, bound and total sialic acid contents in Group 5 when compared to the Control (P < 0.001). The histological studies of the cerebral cortex showed normal architecture in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, while Group 5 showed degenerative changes with light staining of Nissl substances when compared to the Control and Groups 6 and 7 showed mild degenerative changes when compared to the Control. Conclusion: Treatment with TIPE has been shown to have potential protective effect on the Cerebral cortex of Wistar rats during prenatal ethanol exposure.
BACKGROUND: Stature reconstruction from skeletal remains forms part of forensic investigations in... more BACKGROUND: Stature reconstruction from skeletal remains forms part of forensic investigations in anthropology for the purpose of individual identifications. Despite a growing number of forensic cases in Idomaland, a very little work has been done to document stature estimation among modern Idoma people. AIM: This study aimed to determine stature from anthropometric parameters and generate a regression model among Idoma tribe in Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 300 healthy individuals of Idoma tribe were randomly selected. Out of which, 155 males and 145 females aged 15–18 years from Methodist High Schools in Otukpo participated in the study. Measurements were taken with the help of standard instruments. Stature and six parameters (head length, head width, bizygomatic distance, nasal length, nasal width, and facial height) were determined to the nearest centimeters. RESULTS: The nasal width was higher in males than females. In addition, the nasal length was higher in males than females while bizygomatic distance was close in values among both sexes with a significance level of P < 0.05. Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression equations were derived for male and females separately for all individuals in the study group. Stature was higher in males than females in perfect distribution (174.38 and 156.35, respectively). The facial height was higher in males than females (11.57 and 11.00, respectively). Although it was not significant (P < 0.05), the parameter expressed a higher value. The simple Pearson's correlation (r) was high in bizygomatic distance and low in nasal width (r = 0.28 and 0.05, respectively) of males, while nasal width was low (r = 0.12) and head width was high (r = 0.38) in females. There was a statistically significant level in head length for both males and females (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Facial height, nasal length, and bizygomatic distance had statistically significant weak positive correlation with stature for both Idoma males and females. Human stature cannot be predicted from cephalofacial variables.
Objectives: We aim to develop a labor protocol for male or female birth, base on maternal and neo... more Objectives: We aim to develop a labor protocol for male or female birth, base on maternal and neonatal stature. Materials and method: A prospective study of a cross section of pregnant mothers and their newborn babies, based on convenient sampling technique. A total of 480 mothers that were identified by a gynecologist as having healthy pregnancies and their newborn babies in gynecology ward of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria, from 1st July to 1st December, 2019, volunteered to participate in this study. Maternal and neonatal anthropometries; weight, height, BMI, waist girth (WG), hip girth (HG), birth head girth (BHG), and delivery outcomes: mode of delivery and duration of first and second stages of labor, and Apgar score at 1 minute of birth were considered. We adopted the guidelines of Institute of Medicine for direct anthropometric measurements.Results: The study recorded low prevalence of cesarean deliveries and abnormal apgar score. Male b...
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2021
Mercury is an environmental neurotoxicant that triggers structural and physiological alterations ... more Mercury is an environmental neurotoxicant that triggers structural and physiological alterations in different brain parts. The hippocampus is associated with learning and memory, and injury to this brain part may lead to behavioural and cognitive changes. Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) has been demonstrated to possess a variety of medical benefits. This study comparatively assessed the neuroprotective property of aqueous and ethanol fruit pulp extracts of P. dactylifera in a rat model of mercury-triggered hippocampal changes using microscopic examinations. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (I-VII, n=4). Group I (control) was administered distilled water (2ml/kg); group II was administered mercuric chloride, HgCl2 (5mg/kg); group III was administered vitamin C (100mg/kg) as reference drug +HgCl2; groups IV and V were administered aqueous extract (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg, respectively) +HgCl2, while groups VI and VII were administered ethanol extract (250mg/kg and...
Introduction: Hypoxia has been implicated in nerve cell deaths that occur in a variety of neurolo... more Introduction: Hypoxia has been implicated in nerve cell deaths that occur in a variety of neurological disorders. Opioid receptor agonists have been shown to have some positive benefits on the nervous system. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of hypoxia and opioid receptor agonists' treatment on the morphology of B50 neuronal cell lines cultured in hypoxia. Materials and Methods: The B50 cells were cultured under normoxic conditions (21%O2; 5% CO2) as the control group and under hypoxic conditions (5%O2; 5% CO2) as the experimental group. Three opioid receptor agonists namely DAMGO (μ) DSLET (δ) and ICI-199,441 (κ) were administered to the cells for 48 hours as treatment against hypoxia after 48 hours of culture at doses of 10 μM, 50 μM and 100 μM respectively. Neuronal morphology, viability, proliferation and differentiation were assessed using same field morphological assessment. In addition lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, cellular proliferation a...
International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2021
Background: The protective activity exerted by Psidium guajava on the nervous system has been sug... more Background: The protective activity exerted by Psidium guajava on the nervous system has been suggested to be via its antioxidant composition; however, its role in mercury-induced neurotoxicity remains elusive. This study investigated the ameliorative activity of ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaves on mercuric chloride-induced toxicity in the cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-five (35) male Wistar rats were separated into seven groups with five rats each. Group, I served as control, Group II received 41.5 mg/kg of mercuric chloride (HgCl2), Group III received 1000 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, Group IV received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and distilled water, Group V received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 500 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, Group VI received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 1000 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, while Group VII received 41.5 mg/kg HgCl2 and 1190 mg/kg bwt of Vitamin C. At the end of the administration, the brains of the Wistar rats were excised, oxidative stress markers quantified and ...
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Introduction: World scientists are using fa... more Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Introduction: World scientists are using facial morphometry as a reconstructive option in the treatment of patients and ethnic differentiations. Hence, the authors aimed to study the naso-facial dimensions of northern population in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: About 500 subjects (Igede, n = 260 and Idoma, n = 240) were recruited from schools in the Benue-Plateau valley in 2014–2015 academic session. Notable parameters measured using vernier caliper were upper facial length, lower facial length, total facial indices, nasal length, nasal width, and nasal indices. Also, stature was measured to the nearest centimeters with stadiometer. Result: Taller Idoma males than Igede males (169.25 ± 8.92, 167.13 ± 8.99), and taller Igede females than Idoma females (164.57 ± 8.77, 163.45 ± 8.94). The mean facial indices of Idoma subjects showed 97.89 ± 8.53 and 97.82 ± 8.11 with nasal indices of 77.77 ± 7.34 and 80.42 ± 7.53, whereas Igede su...
This study was aimed at evaluating the histological and biochemical effects of ethanol leave extr... more This study was aimed at evaluating the histological and biochemical effects of ethanol leave extract of Azadirachta indica and melatonin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. To achieve this, forty five Wistar rats were used in the study. The animals were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: Normal control + normal saline orally; Groups 2: Normal + A. Indica (200mg/kg b w) orally; Group 3: Normal + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP; Group 4: Normal + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP + A. Indica (200 mg/kg b w) orally; Group 5: Diabetic control + normal saline orally; Group 6: Diabetic + A. Indica (200 mg/kg b w) orally; Group 7: Diabetic + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP; Group 8: Diabetic + A. Indica (200 mg/kg b w) orally + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP; Group 9: Diabetic + metformin (500 mg/kg b w) orally. The extract and drug were administered once daily for a period of three (3) weeks respectively. After the last day of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the liver tiss...
The study was aimed at evaluating the hypoglycaemic effects of melatonin and Azadirachta indica a... more The study was aimed at evaluating the hypoglycaemic effects of melatonin and Azadirachta indica administration on blood glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Wistar rats. To achieve this, thirty Wistar rats were used in the study. The animals were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: Normal control + normal saline orally Group 2: Diabetic control + normal saline orally; Group 3: Diabetic + A. Indica (200 mg/kg b w) orally; Group 4: Diabetic + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP; Group 5: Diabetic + A. Indica (200 mg/kg b w) orally + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP; Group 6: Diabetic + metformin (500 mg/kg b w) orally. The extract and drug were administered once daily for a period of three (3) weeks respectively. The fasting Blood glucose level was taken at an interval of 7 days. The results showed that there was significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in blood glucose levels in Azadirachta indica leaves extract treated diabetic group (DAI), melatonin treated diabetic group (D...
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy, 2013
The anthropometric characteristics of 600 apparently healthy children of ages between 5 and 10 ye... more The anthropometric characteristics of 600 apparently healthy children of ages between 5 and 10 years of Gbagyi tribe of Abuja Nigeria, consisting of males (n = 300) with a mean age of 7.10 1.98 and females (n = 300) with a mean age of 7.68 1.86 were selected for the evaluation of their nutritional status using different anthropometric variables. The anthropometric characteristic of their height, age, weight, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), chest circumference and body mass index (BMI) was measured and analysed statistically for any significant difference, and correlation between the parameters studied. The results show some significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the anthropometric parameters and a significant correlation (≤0.001) between the height and BMI, and other parameters in males and females. The study derived a linear regression and a multiple linear regression equations for Gbagyi children from which height, age, weight, MUAC, chest circumference and BMI could be predicted if one factor is known. The results from the present study provided an insight into the nutritional status of Nigerian school children of Gbagyi tribe of Abuja using the BMI and MUAC which showed if a child is malnourished, overweight or obese. The results from the present study show that there is a positive correlation between height and age, and other parameters indicating that height could be predicted using age, weight, BMI, chest circumference and MUAC, while BMI and mid upper arm circumference could be a useful tool in the estimation of nutritional status among Nigerian school children of Gbagyi tribe of Abuja.
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy, 2016
Introduction: Ethanol consumption during pregnancy has been shown to jeopardize the health of the... more Introduction: Ethanol consumption during pregnancy has been shown to jeopardize the health of the mother and the embryo. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histological and biochemical changes associated with the administration of Tamarindus indica pulp extract (TIPE) on the cerebral cortex in prenatal ethanol exposed Wistar rats. Methodology: Twenty four (24) pregnant rats were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 received 1ml of distilled water, Group 2 received 200mg/kg of body weight (bw) of TIPE only, Group 3 received 300mg/kg bw of Vitamin E only, Group 4 received 0.1ml of olive oil only, Group 5 received 2ml (30%v/v) of ethanol only, Group 6 received 2ml (30% v/v) of ethanol and 200mg/kg bw of TIPE while Group 7 received 2ml (30% v/v) of ethanol and 300mg/kg bw of Vitamin E. All administrations were via gastric intubation and lasted from prenatal day (PD) 7 to 14. The dams were allowed to litter and the brain tissues of the pups were collected for biochemical and histological studies. Results: The result of oxidative stress studies showed significant decrease in the mean levels of catalase and glutathione concentration in Groups 5, 6 and 7 respectively when compared with the Control (P < 0.05), while the mean concentration of malondialdehyde showed significant increase in Group 5 when compared to the Control (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in the mean level of superoxide dismutase in all the Groups. The result of sialic acid assay showed significant decrease in the mean level of free, bound and total sialic acid contents in Group 5 when compared to the Control (P < 0.001). The histological studies of the cerebral cortex showed normal architecture in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, while Group 5 showed degenerative changes with light staining of Nissl substances when compared to the Control and Groups 6 and 7 showed mild degenerative changes when compared to the Control. Conclusion: Treatment with TIPE has been shown to have potential protective effect on the Cerebral cortex of Wistar rats during prenatal ethanol exposure.
BACKGROUND: Stature reconstruction from skeletal remains forms part of forensic investigations in... more BACKGROUND: Stature reconstruction from skeletal remains forms part of forensic investigations in anthropology for the purpose of individual identifications. Despite a growing number of forensic cases in Idomaland, a very little work has been done to document stature estimation among modern Idoma people. AIM: This study aimed to determine stature from anthropometric parameters and generate a regression model among Idoma tribe in Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 300 healthy individuals of Idoma tribe were randomly selected. Out of which, 155 males and 145 females aged 15–18 years from Methodist High Schools in Otukpo participated in the study. Measurements were taken with the help of standard instruments. Stature and six parameters (head length, head width, bizygomatic distance, nasal length, nasal width, and facial height) were determined to the nearest centimeters. RESULTS: The nasal width was higher in males than females. In addition, the nasal length was higher in males than females while bizygomatic distance was close in values among both sexes with a significance level of P < 0.05. Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression equations were derived for male and females separately for all individuals in the study group. Stature was higher in males than females in perfect distribution (174.38 and 156.35, respectively). The facial height was higher in males than females (11.57 and 11.00, respectively). Although it was not significant (P < 0.05), the parameter expressed a higher value. The simple Pearson's correlation (r) was high in bizygomatic distance and low in nasal width (r = 0.28 and 0.05, respectively) of males, while nasal width was low (r = 0.12) and head width was high (r = 0.38) in females. There was a statistically significant level in head length for both males and females (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Facial height, nasal length, and bizygomatic distance had statistically significant weak positive correlation with stature for both Idoma males and females. Human stature cannot be predicted from cephalofacial variables.
Objectives: We aim to develop a labor protocol for male or female birth, base on maternal and neo... more Objectives: We aim to develop a labor protocol for male or female birth, base on maternal and neonatal stature. Materials and method: A prospective study of a cross section of pregnant mothers and their newborn babies, based on convenient sampling technique. A total of 480 mothers that were identified by a gynecologist as having healthy pregnancies and their newborn babies in gynecology ward of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria, from 1st July to 1st December, 2019, volunteered to participate in this study. Maternal and neonatal anthropometries; weight, height, BMI, waist girth (WG), hip girth (HG), birth head girth (BHG), and delivery outcomes: mode of delivery and duration of first and second stages of labor, and Apgar score at 1 minute of birth were considered. We adopted the guidelines of Institute of Medicine for direct anthropometric measurements.Results: The study recorded low prevalence of cesarean deliveries and abnormal apgar score. Male b...
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2021
Mercury is an environmental neurotoxicant that triggers structural and physiological alterations ... more Mercury is an environmental neurotoxicant that triggers structural and physiological alterations in different brain parts. The hippocampus is associated with learning and memory, and injury to this brain part may lead to behavioural and cognitive changes. Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) has been demonstrated to possess a variety of medical benefits. This study comparatively assessed the neuroprotective property of aqueous and ethanol fruit pulp extracts of P. dactylifera in a rat model of mercury-triggered hippocampal changes using microscopic examinations. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (I-VII, n=4). Group I (control) was administered distilled water (2ml/kg); group II was administered mercuric chloride, HgCl2 (5mg/kg); group III was administered vitamin C (100mg/kg) as reference drug +HgCl2; groups IV and V were administered aqueous extract (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg, respectively) +HgCl2, while groups VI and VII were administered ethanol extract (250mg/kg and...
Introduction: Hypoxia has been implicated in nerve cell deaths that occur in a variety of neurolo... more Introduction: Hypoxia has been implicated in nerve cell deaths that occur in a variety of neurological disorders. Opioid receptor agonists have been shown to have some positive benefits on the nervous system. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of hypoxia and opioid receptor agonists' treatment on the morphology of B50 neuronal cell lines cultured in hypoxia. Materials and Methods: The B50 cells were cultured under normoxic conditions (21%O2; 5% CO2) as the control group and under hypoxic conditions (5%O2; 5% CO2) as the experimental group. Three opioid receptor agonists namely DAMGO (μ) DSLET (δ) and ICI-199,441 (κ) were administered to the cells for 48 hours as treatment against hypoxia after 48 hours of culture at doses of 10 μM, 50 μM and 100 μM respectively. Neuronal morphology, viability, proliferation and differentiation were assessed using same field morphological assessment. In addition lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, cellular proliferation a...
International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2021
Background: The protective activity exerted by Psidium guajava on the nervous system has been sug... more Background: The protective activity exerted by Psidium guajava on the nervous system has been suggested to be via its antioxidant composition; however, its role in mercury-induced neurotoxicity remains elusive. This study investigated the ameliorative activity of ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaves on mercuric chloride-induced toxicity in the cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-five (35) male Wistar rats were separated into seven groups with five rats each. Group, I served as control, Group II received 41.5 mg/kg of mercuric chloride (HgCl2), Group III received 1000 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, Group IV received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and distilled water, Group V received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 500 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, Group VI received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 1000 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, while Group VII received 41.5 mg/kg HgCl2 and 1190 mg/kg bwt of Vitamin C. At the end of the administration, the brains of the Wistar rats were excised, oxidative stress markers quantified and ...
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Introduction: World scientists are using fa... more Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Introduction: World scientists are using facial morphometry as a reconstructive option in the treatment of patients and ethnic differentiations. Hence, the authors aimed to study the naso-facial dimensions of northern population in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: About 500 subjects (Igede, n = 260 and Idoma, n = 240) were recruited from schools in the Benue-Plateau valley in 2014–2015 academic session. Notable parameters measured using vernier caliper were upper facial length, lower facial length, total facial indices, nasal length, nasal width, and nasal indices. Also, stature was measured to the nearest centimeters with stadiometer. Result: Taller Idoma males than Igede males (169.25 ± 8.92, 167.13 ± 8.99), and taller Igede females than Idoma females (164.57 ± 8.77, 163.45 ± 8.94). The mean facial indices of Idoma subjects showed 97.89 ± 8.53 and 97.82 ± 8.11 with nasal indices of 77.77 ± 7.34 and 80.42 ± 7.53, whereas Igede su...
This study was aimed at evaluating the histological and biochemical effects of ethanol leave extr... more This study was aimed at evaluating the histological and biochemical effects of ethanol leave extract of Azadirachta indica and melatonin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. To achieve this, forty five Wistar rats were used in the study. The animals were assigned into the following groups: Group 1: Normal control + normal saline orally; Groups 2: Normal + A. Indica (200mg/kg b w) orally; Group 3: Normal + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP; Group 4: Normal + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP + A. Indica (200 mg/kg b w) orally; Group 5: Diabetic control + normal saline orally; Group 6: Diabetic + A. Indica (200 mg/kg b w) orally; Group 7: Diabetic + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP; Group 8: Diabetic + A. Indica (200 mg/kg b w) orally + melatonin (10 mg/kg b w) IP; Group 9: Diabetic + metformin (500 mg/kg b w) orally. The extract and drug were administered once daily for a period of three (3) weeks respectively. After the last day of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the liver tiss...
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