2019 IEEE 5th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT)
This paper introduces a time domain energy detector (ED) approach for vehicle detection using a s... more This paper introduces a time domain energy detector (ED) approach for vehicle detection using a single microphone. The detection of a deterministic, as well as the stochastic signal in the presence of white Gaussian noise (WGN), is a very challenging task. The ground vehicle generates a similar kind of signal with unknown information. Therefore, there is need of robust vehicle detection algorithm which must detect a vehicle with low false alarm. We proposed an algorithm based on energy detector and estimation of threshold value depending on noise's variance for moving vehicle detection using acoustics data. The energy distribution of the signal follows the chi-square distribution. These decision statistics reveal the vehicle presence information from the signal and detection probability of a true event. The algorithm is tested on the experimental data acquired from the field trials of the moving vehicle. The receiver operating characteristics are computed through Monte Carlo simulations for validation of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the algorithm is capable to detect the moving vehicle with low false alarm even at low signal to noise ratio.
2018 2nd International Conference on Micro-Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (ICMETE), 2018
To meet the global standards of food production and quality there is a strong need to remain upda... more To meet the global standards of food production and quality there is a strong need to remain update with the crop’s spatial and temporal variability from sowing to harvesting season. High spatial and spectral resolution images from satellite have made this task quick, easier and cheaper to some extent. The availability of new generation sensors on Landsat-8 and sentinel-2 satellites with onboard OLI and MSI sensors respectively are designated to study the land cover worldwide, and offers remarkable opportunities for monitoring applications with high temporal resolution. This paper presents the results of an ongoing research on chlorophyll estimation of vegetation with high accuracy from Landsat and sentinel satellites. Results with more than 0.75 correlation point out that in both cases the two sensors can be well used for remote estimation of chlorophyll concentration in vegetation.
Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development, 2017
Precision agriculture is a way to manage the crop yield resources like water, fertilizers, soil, ... more Precision agriculture is a way to manage the crop yield resources like water, fertilizers, soil, seeds in order to increase production, quality, gain and reduce squander products so that the existing system become eco-friendly. The main target of precision agriculture is to match resources and execution according to the crop and climate to ameliorate the effects of Praxis. Global Positioning System, Geographic Information System, Remote sensing technologies and various sensors are used in Precision farming for identifying the variability in field and using different methods to deal with them. Satellite based remote sensing is used to study the variability in crop and ground but suffer from various disadvantageous such as prohibited use, high price, less revisiting them, poor resolution due to great height, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is other alternative option for application in precision farming. UAV overcomes the drawback of the ground based system, i.e. inaccessibility to mudd...
Word Limit of the Paper should not be more than 3000 Words = 7/8 Pages) Abstract: To meet the eve... more Word Limit of the Paper should not be more than 3000 Words = 7/8 Pages) Abstract: To meet the ever increasing demand of food production it is expedient to increase the quality and quantity of produce with optimum input as per the crop demand. So, it is of great significance to monitor the crop health and record information from growing season to harvesting season. Chlorophyll is an excellent indicator of crop health since it allows plants to absorb light and directly reflects the photosynthesis activity. Therefore in this study various chlorophyll indices along with modified vegetation index have been used for assessment of crop health condition and monitoring over a period of time. Satellite has been a paradigm in the field of remote sensing applications such as agriculture, forestry and environment. Data from Landsat-8 with 30m resolution and sentinel-2 images with 10 and 20 meter resolution was acquired for the same period of time. Pre and post processing of images such as classi...
Soil fertilizer management is important to adjust the soil fertility by supplying fertilizers at ... more Soil fertilizer management is important to adjust the soil fertility by supplying fertilizers at optimum level to achieve maximum yield at minimum environmental risks. Precision agriculture demands to develop better cost and time efficient methodologies for analysis of soil properties. Besides conventional techniques, sometimes spectroscopy is more accurate, fast, non-destructive and inexpensive analytical technique. Diffused reflectance measurement in the NIR region (780-2500 nm) is involved in NIRS (near infrared reflectance spectroscopy) and this is highly sensitive to both inorganic and organic phases in soil. Quantitative analysis for prediction of various soil properties and components involves NIR spectra calibration against some reference value by using some prediction model (e.g. ANN (Artificial neural network) or MPLS (Modified Partial Least Square Regression)).The goal of this paper is to review the results, modelling methods, hardware and software involved to measure var...
Abstract: Starting from descriptive data on crop yield and various other properties, the aim of t... more Abstract: Starting from descriptive data on crop yield and various other properties, the aim of this study is to reveal the trends on soil behaviour, such as crop yield. This study has been carried out by developing web application that uses a well known technique- Cluster Analysis. The cluster analysis revealed linkages between soil classes for the same field as well as between different fields, which can be partly assigned to crops rotation and determination of variable soil input rates. A hybrid clustering algorithm has been developed taking into account the traits of two clustering technologies: i) Hierarchical clustering, ii) K-means clustering. This hybrid clustering algorithm is applied to sensor- gathered data about soil and analysed, resulting in the formation of well delineated management zones based on various properties of soil, such as, ECa, crop yield, etc. One of the purposes of the study was to identify the main factors affecting the crop yield and the results obtain...
Quality of food is determined in terms of food texture, taste and appearance butmoisture content ... more Quality of food is determined in terms of food texture, taste and appearance butmoisture content ( MC) of food is a determination factor of quality & stabili ty of the processed food. Complex impedance measurement has several advantages over conventional moisture measurement methods and can be used for portable moisture measurement. This paper presents the Auto Balancing Bridge Circuitry to determine the complex impedance of the grain sample for moisture analysis . The complex impedance measurement has been done using A uto Balancing Bridge method. Experimentation has been d o e to reduce the losses of internal ABB circuit so tha t it can provide measurements at high frequency range. At lo wer radio frequencies, densityindependent moisture co ntent determination is achievable with multiple-frequency measurement. Due to operational amplifier’s limitat ions at higher frequencies, proper design of ABB circuit is very crucial in the proposed circuit. Hence, ABB circuit in was simulated ...
The dielectric properties of a variety of Indian whole cereal grains viz. mustard, moong, masoor,... more The dielectric properties of a variety of Indian whole cereal grains viz. mustard, moong, masoor, chick pea, urad and wheat, with moisture content (MC) ranging from 7 to 35% (wet basis), were characterised to develop a prototype multi-grain moisture meter based on the capacitive sensing technique. The operating frequency of the multi-grain moisture meter was fixed at 230 kHz. It consisted of a calibrated oscillator circuitry, capacitive sensing cell as a sample holder, temperature sensor and microcontroller circuitry. It senses the MC of cereal grains due to variation of dielectric medium resulting in capacitance variation by using an oscillator tank circuit connected across a fixed reference capacitance value. This generates proportionate frequency modulations at the output of the oscillator circuitry. The empirical calibration equations for the prediction of moisture in a variety of grains were developed, validated and embedded in the microcontroller unit. A unique empty cylinder referencing system base...
This work reports the enhancement in sensitivity of a simple and low-cost capacitive moisture sen... more This work reports the enhancement in sensitivity of a simple and low-cost capacitive moisture sensor using a thin film of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on electrodes.
2019 IEEE 5th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT)
This paper introduces a time domain energy detector (ED) approach for vehicle detection using a s... more This paper introduces a time domain energy detector (ED) approach for vehicle detection using a single microphone. The detection of a deterministic, as well as the stochastic signal in the presence of white Gaussian noise (WGN), is a very challenging task. The ground vehicle generates a similar kind of signal with unknown information. Therefore, there is need of robust vehicle detection algorithm which must detect a vehicle with low false alarm. We proposed an algorithm based on energy detector and estimation of threshold value depending on noise's variance for moving vehicle detection using acoustics data. The energy distribution of the signal follows the chi-square distribution. These decision statistics reveal the vehicle presence information from the signal and detection probability of a true event. The algorithm is tested on the experimental data acquired from the field trials of the moving vehicle. The receiver operating characteristics are computed through Monte Carlo simulations for validation of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the algorithm is capable to detect the moving vehicle with low false alarm even at low signal to noise ratio.
2018 2nd International Conference on Micro-Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (ICMETE), 2018
To meet the global standards of food production and quality there is a strong need to remain upda... more To meet the global standards of food production and quality there is a strong need to remain update with the crop’s spatial and temporal variability from sowing to harvesting season. High spatial and spectral resolution images from satellite have made this task quick, easier and cheaper to some extent. The availability of new generation sensors on Landsat-8 and sentinel-2 satellites with onboard OLI and MSI sensors respectively are designated to study the land cover worldwide, and offers remarkable opportunities for monitoring applications with high temporal resolution. This paper presents the results of an ongoing research on chlorophyll estimation of vegetation with high accuracy from Landsat and sentinel satellites. Results with more than 0.75 correlation point out that in both cases the two sensors can be well used for remote estimation of chlorophyll concentration in vegetation.
Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development, 2017
Precision agriculture is a way to manage the crop yield resources like water, fertilizers, soil, ... more Precision agriculture is a way to manage the crop yield resources like water, fertilizers, soil, seeds in order to increase production, quality, gain and reduce squander products so that the existing system become eco-friendly. The main target of precision agriculture is to match resources and execution according to the crop and climate to ameliorate the effects of Praxis. Global Positioning System, Geographic Information System, Remote sensing technologies and various sensors are used in Precision farming for identifying the variability in field and using different methods to deal with them. Satellite based remote sensing is used to study the variability in crop and ground but suffer from various disadvantageous such as prohibited use, high price, less revisiting them, poor resolution due to great height, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is other alternative option for application in precision farming. UAV overcomes the drawback of the ground based system, i.e. inaccessibility to mudd...
Word Limit of the Paper should not be more than 3000 Words = 7/8 Pages) Abstract: To meet the eve... more Word Limit of the Paper should not be more than 3000 Words = 7/8 Pages) Abstract: To meet the ever increasing demand of food production it is expedient to increase the quality and quantity of produce with optimum input as per the crop demand. So, it is of great significance to monitor the crop health and record information from growing season to harvesting season. Chlorophyll is an excellent indicator of crop health since it allows plants to absorb light and directly reflects the photosynthesis activity. Therefore in this study various chlorophyll indices along with modified vegetation index have been used for assessment of crop health condition and monitoring over a period of time. Satellite has been a paradigm in the field of remote sensing applications such as agriculture, forestry and environment. Data from Landsat-8 with 30m resolution and sentinel-2 images with 10 and 20 meter resolution was acquired for the same period of time. Pre and post processing of images such as classi...
Soil fertilizer management is important to adjust the soil fertility by supplying fertilizers at ... more Soil fertilizer management is important to adjust the soil fertility by supplying fertilizers at optimum level to achieve maximum yield at minimum environmental risks. Precision agriculture demands to develop better cost and time efficient methodologies for analysis of soil properties. Besides conventional techniques, sometimes spectroscopy is more accurate, fast, non-destructive and inexpensive analytical technique. Diffused reflectance measurement in the NIR region (780-2500 nm) is involved in NIRS (near infrared reflectance spectroscopy) and this is highly sensitive to both inorganic and organic phases in soil. Quantitative analysis for prediction of various soil properties and components involves NIR spectra calibration against some reference value by using some prediction model (e.g. ANN (Artificial neural network) or MPLS (Modified Partial Least Square Regression)).The goal of this paper is to review the results, modelling methods, hardware and software involved to measure var...
Abstract: Starting from descriptive data on crop yield and various other properties, the aim of t... more Abstract: Starting from descriptive data on crop yield and various other properties, the aim of this study is to reveal the trends on soil behaviour, such as crop yield. This study has been carried out by developing web application that uses a well known technique- Cluster Analysis. The cluster analysis revealed linkages between soil classes for the same field as well as between different fields, which can be partly assigned to crops rotation and determination of variable soil input rates. A hybrid clustering algorithm has been developed taking into account the traits of two clustering technologies: i) Hierarchical clustering, ii) K-means clustering. This hybrid clustering algorithm is applied to sensor- gathered data about soil and analysed, resulting in the formation of well delineated management zones based on various properties of soil, such as, ECa, crop yield, etc. One of the purposes of the study was to identify the main factors affecting the crop yield and the results obtain...
Quality of food is determined in terms of food texture, taste and appearance butmoisture content ... more Quality of food is determined in terms of food texture, taste and appearance butmoisture content ( MC) of food is a determination factor of quality & stabili ty of the processed food. Complex impedance measurement has several advantages over conventional moisture measurement methods and can be used for portable moisture measurement. This paper presents the Auto Balancing Bridge Circuitry to determine the complex impedance of the grain sample for moisture analysis . The complex impedance measurement has been done using A uto Balancing Bridge method. Experimentation has been d o e to reduce the losses of internal ABB circuit so tha t it can provide measurements at high frequency range. At lo wer radio frequencies, densityindependent moisture co ntent determination is achievable with multiple-frequency measurement. Due to operational amplifier’s limitat ions at higher frequencies, proper design of ABB circuit is very crucial in the proposed circuit. Hence, ABB circuit in was simulated ...
The dielectric properties of a variety of Indian whole cereal grains viz. mustard, moong, masoor,... more The dielectric properties of a variety of Indian whole cereal grains viz. mustard, moong, masoor, chick pea, urad and wheat, with moisture content (MC) ranging from 7 to 35% (wet basis), were characterised to develop a prototype multi-grain moisture meter based on the capacitive sensing technique. The operating frequency of the multi-grain moisture meter was fixed at 230 kHz. It consisted of a calibrated oscillator circuitry, capacitive sensing cell as a sample holder, temperature sensor and microcontroller circuitry. It senses the MC of cereal grains due to variation of dielectric medium resulting in capacitance variation by using an oscillator tank circuit connected across a fixed reference capacitance value. This generates proportionate frequency modulations at the output of the oscillator circuitry. The empirical calibration equations for the prediction of moisture in a variety of grains were developed, validated and embedded in the microcontroller unit. A unique empty cylinder referencing system base...
This work reports the enhancement in sensitivity of a simple and low-cost capacitive moisture sen... more This work reports the enhancement in sensitivity of a simple and low-cost capacitive moisture sensor using a thin film of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on electrodes.
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