Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, May 1, 2011
The present study aimed to discuss the applicability of biotechnologies in geotechnical engineeri... more The present study aimed to discuss the applicability of biotechnologies in geotechnical engineering. For this purpose, a laboratory investigation was performed to investigate the effect of introducing a biomaterial, xanthan gum, on the behaviour of a sand using a direct shear testing apparatus. The factors addressed included the xanthan gum content and time of curing. The experimental data showed that the shear strength of the sand increased as the biological material content increased beyond 1% xanthan gum content. Increases in maximum shear stress of around 14–166% occurred in specimens with 3% xanthan gum content, and around 93–288% occurred in specimens with 5% xanthan gum content. A decrease in maximum shear stress of around of 7–60% occurred in specimens with 1% xanthan gum content. Within the range of parameters covered by the investigation, the principal factors governing the rate of this increase/decrease in maximum shear stress was the xanthan gum content. The impact of curing time was not significant. This report is intended to serve as an additional discussion and comments on the significance of collaboration between biologists and geotechnical engineers.
Sixty four tests were performed in a steel tank to investigate the axial responses of piles drive... more Sixty four tests were performed in a steel tank to investigate the axial responses of piles driven into organic soil prepared at two different densities using a drop hammer. Four different pile materials were used: wood, steel, smooth concrete, and rough concrete, with different length to diameter ratios. The results of the load tests showed that the shaft load capacity of rough concrete piles continuously increased with pile settlement. In contrast, the others pile types reached the ultimate shaft resistance at a settlement equal to about 10% of the pile diameter. The ratios of base to shaft capacities of the piles were found to vary with the length to diameter ratio, surface roughness, and the density of the organic soil. The ultimate unit shaft resistance of the rough concrete pile was always greater than that of other piles irrespective of soil condition and pile length. However, the ultimate base resistance of all piles was approximately close to each other.
Abstract– This study focused on the process of bacterial calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation ... more Abstract– This study focused on the process of bacterial calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation (BCCP) in organic soil. Two samples, organic soil and sand, in glass boxes having dimensions 6×6×2 cm were immersed in bacterial medium (Bacillus pasteurii, urea, and CaCl2) for 4 days. During the treatment period, the samples were treated with urea medium and CaCl2 every 6 h. Changes in pH values were monitored at different time intervals. At the end of the treatment period, the amount of CaCO3 was determined with a calcimeter test. The test results showed that the pH values fluctuated between 9 and 9.4 during the treatment period. This range of pH values indicates that the treatment medium is appropriate for BCCP. The amount of precipitated CaCO3 in the organic soil sample increased about 8% compared with the untreated sample. Calcium carbonate precipitation in sand is found to be higher than the organic soil. The results were supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis an...
In this study, effect of water content, density, and sand content on shear strength parameters of... more In this study, effect of water content, density, and sand content on shear strength parameters of organic soil were investigated. For this purpose, three sets of tests were carried out in the laboratory. In the first set, water content of the samples was changed at same density. In the second set, water content was kept constant but density was changed. In the third set different percent of sand by weight was mixed with organic soil. Direct shear test was used in all tests. Test results showed that water content, density, and sand content effects shear strength of organic soil.
In this study, effect of different sand content on compaction properties of organic soil was inve... more In this study, effect of different sand content on compaction properties of organic soil was investigated. Organic soil used in the study was taken from Sakarya region, Turkey. Compaction test was carried out with standard 2.5 kg hammer. Five different sand content was used that are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. Test results showed that sand content has an important effect on both dry density and optimum moisture content. When the sand content incresed in the organic soil optimum moisture content reduced and the maximum dry density increased.
ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of the study which influence the use of recycled waste ex... more ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of the study which influence the use of recycled waste expanded polystyrene foams (EPS), as a lightweight material used with river sand. In this study, thermally modified waste EPS have been used. The waste EPS were put in an oven at 130 °C through 15 min to obtain modified expanded polystyrene (MEPS). The influences of MEPS on compaction properties such as maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were investigated. For this purpose, five series of compaction tests were carried out. MEPS were added to river sand at 5, 10, 15, and 20 % by weight. The test results showed that addition of 20 % MEPS in sand reduces the density of mixture almost 50 %. MEPS can be an alternative light weight fill material for geotechnical applications.
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, May 1, 2011
The present study aimed to discuss the applicability of biotechnologies in geotechnical engineeri... more The present study aimed to discuss the applicability of biotechnologies in geotechnical engineering. For this purpose, a laboratory investigation was performed to investigate the effect of introducing a biomaterial, xanthan gum, on the behaviour of a sand using a direct shear testing apparatus. The factors addressed included the xanthan gum content and time of curing. The experimental data showed that the shear strength of the sand increased as the biological material content increased beyond 1% xanthan gum content. Increases in maximum shear stress of around 14–166% occurred in specimens with 3% xanthan gum content, and around 93–288% occurred in specimens with 5% xanthan gum content. A decrease in maximum shear stress of around of 7–60% occurred in specimens with 1% xanthan gum content. Within the range of parameters covered by the investigation, the principal factors governing the rate of this increase/decrease in maximum shear stress was the xanthan gum content. The impact of curing time was not significant. This report is intended to serve as an additional discussion and comments on the significance of collaboration between biologists and geotechnical engineers.
Sixty four tests were performed in a steel tank to investigate the axial responses of piles drive... more Sixty four tests were performed in a steel tank to investigate the axial responses of piles driven into organic soil prepared at two different densities using a drop hammer. Four different pile materials were used: wood, steel, smooth concrete, and rough concrete, with different length to diameter ratios. The results of the load tests showed that the shaft load capacity of rough concrete piles continuously increased with pile settlement. In contrast, the others pile types reached the ultimate shaft resistance at a settlement equal to about 10% of the pile diameter. The ratios of base to shaft capacities of the piles were found to vary with the length to diameter ratio, surface roughness, and the density of the organic soil. The ultimate unit shaft resistance of the rough concrete pile was always greater than that of other piles irrespective of soil condition and pile length. However, the ultimate base resistance of all piles was approximately close to each other.
Abstract– This study focused on the process of bacterial calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation ... more Abstract– This study focused on the process of bacterial calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation (BCCP) in organic soil. Two samples, organic soil and sand, in glass boxes having dimensions 6×6×2 cm were immersed in bacterial medium (Bacillus pasteurii, urea, and CaCl2) for 4 days. During the treatment period, the samples were treated with urea medium and CaCl2 every 6 h. Changes in pH values were monitored at different time intervals. At the end of the treatment period, the amount of CaCO3 was determined with a calcimeter test. The test results showed that the pH values fluctuated between 9 and 9.4 during the treatment period. This range of pH values indicates that the treatment medium is appropriate for BCCP. The amount of precipitated CaCO3 in the organic soil sample increased about 8% compared with the untreated sample. Calcium carbonate precipitation in sand is found to be higher than the organic soil. The results were supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis an...
In this study, effect of water content, density, and sand content on shear strength parameters of... more In this study, effect of water content, density, and sand content on shear strength parameters of organic soil were investigated. For this purpose, three sets of tests were carried out in the laboratory. In the first set, water content of the samples was changed at same density. In the second set, water content was kept constant but density was changed. In the third set different percent of sand by weight was mixed with organic soil. Direct shear test was used in all tests. Test results showed that water content, density, and sand content effects shear strength of organic soil.
In this study, effect of different sand content on compaction properties of organic soil was inve... more In this study, effect of different sand content on compaction properties of organic soil was investigated. Organic soil used in the study was taken from Sakarya region, Turkey. Compaction test was carried out with standard 2.5 kg hammer. Five different sand content was used that are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. Test results showed that sand content has an important effect on both dry density and optimum moisture content. When the sand content incresed in the organic soil optimum moisture content reduced and the maximum dry density increased.
ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of the study which influence the use of recycled waste ex... more ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of the study which influence the use of recycled waste expanded polystyrene foams (EPS), as a lightweight material used with river sand. In this study, thermally modified waste EPS have been used. The waste EPS were put in an oven at 130 °C through 15 min to obtain modified expanded polystyrene (MEPS). The influences of MEPS on compaction properties such as maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were investigated. For this purpose, five series of compaction tests were carried out. MEPS were added to river sand at 5, 10, 15, and 20 % by weight. The test results showed that addition of 20 % MEPS in sand reduces the density of mixture almost 50 %. MEPS can be an alternative light weight fill material for geotechnical applications.
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