Increasing urbanization and concomitantly accelerating rural-urban migration in India, provide a ... more Increasing urbanization and concomitantly accelerating rural-urban migration in India, provide a good scope to investigate the association of later with the infant and child mortality. This paper is an attempt examine the association between rural-urban migration and child mortality. study also analyzes the differentials of mortality rates and maternal and child health care utilization among different migrant and non-migrant groups (natives) using the latest data set of Indian National Family Health Survey, 2005-06. Study documented that rural-urban migrants are found to be ahead of rural natives and behind the urban natives in utilization of maternal and child health care services, while converse is true for infant and child mortality rates. Rural-urban migration is negatively associated with the infant mortality while no significant association has been observed with the early child mortality, after controlling for other socio-economic factors.
Migration and health share a complex relationship and interactions. The increasing urbanization a... more Migration and health share a complex relationship and interactions. The increasing urbanization and rural to urban migration provides a scope to analyze the health and nutrition status of migrants living in urban India. The present study tries to understand disparities in child immunization and nutritional status among children by migration status in urban India using the most recent available data of National Family Health Survey (2005-06). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used to study the levels and factors associated with child nutrition and immunization by migration status. Results suggest that malnutrition and no immunization are very high among children of rural to urban migrants and full immunization is lower than urban non-migrants and urban-urban migrants. More than half of the children from of marginalised households suffer from the problem of undernutrition among rural-urban migrants. Multivariate results show economic status economic sta...
Introduction Infant and Child mortality continue to be an important issue for the most of develop... more Introduction Infant and Child mortality continue to be an important issue for the most of developing countries and demographic research has devoted copious studies to understand the factors associated with them. Amid the increasing urbanization and concomitantly accelerating ruralurban migration, the association of later with the child survival has been a concern of many recent studies (Brockerhoff, 1990, 1994 & 1995; Islam & Azad, 2007; Stephenson et. al., 2003; Tam, 1994). Unquestionably rural areas lag behind the urban areas with respect to the availability of maternal child and health care service and evidences from several studies have shown that the type of place of residence and income are imperative determinants of child mortality and notably affects the child health care practices (Lalou & LeGrand, 1997; Poel, et. al., 2007).
International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 2015
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand disparities in child immunization and nutrit... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand disparities in child immunization and nutritional status among children by migration status in urban India. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilized third round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS, 2005-2006) data, which is the Indian version of Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used to study the levels and factors associated with child nutrition and immunization by migration status. Findings – Results suggest that malnutrition and no immunization are very high among children of rural-urban migrants and full immunization is lower than urban non-migrants and urban-urban migrants. More than half of the children from marginalized households suffer from the problem of undernutrition among rural-urban migrants. Multivariate results show economic status, age of the mother, education, caste and media exposure are negatively associated with malnutrition and positive...
Population and environment are inextricably related, but links between them are rather complex an... more Population and environment are inextricably related, but links between them are rather complex and depend on specific circumstances. Given the continued population growth and environmental degradation, it has become necessary that we deepen our understanding of the role played by human population dynamics such as size, distribution and composition on environmental change. Undoubtedly censuses are one of the richest sources of data which provide detailed information on socio-economic, demographic characteristics of a country’s population. Despite their potential, censuses are rarely used for the environmental analysis (Guzman, 2009). This paper, attempts to explain the potential use of census data in the study of environment.
Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences, 2014
This article examines the distribution and correlates of nutritional status of men and women in M... more This article examines the distribution and correlates of nutritional status of men and women in Mumbai, the largest mega city of India. Empirical analyses are based on the Indian National Family Health Survey (2005–2006) dataset. Results highlight the stark division of nutritional status and the consequent dual burden for public health policies to simultaneously manage under and over nutrition in Mumbai mega city. Results show that slightly less than half of men and half of the women population are nutritionally imbalanced. Underweight is a concern for men living in slums. On the other hand overnutrition/obesity among women is much higher in the non-slum areas whereas underweight is key concern in slums. The intensity of income-related inequalities in underweight outcomes is much greater for non-slum areas whereas inequalities in overweight outcomes are higher among slums. The regression analysis confirms that the place of dwelling is not significantly associated with the nutritional status when controlled for other immediate factors. This analysis finds that economic status of household is the main factor affecting the nutritional status. The paper concludes that the existing policies considering slums as the host of all the health related problems needs a critical re-examination. It is confronted that programs and policies can no longer assume that the slums-dwellers are the most vulnerable and there are no health related problems in the non-slums of urban areas. The paper suggests that focus should be on identifying the needs and concerns of specific subgroups of population in both slum as well as non slum areas of Mumbai.
The National Sample Survey Organization in India has collected information on emigration and remi... more The National Sample Survey Organization in India has collected information on emigration and remittances in its 64th round, for the first time, during 2007–2008 at the household level. It is estimated that 4.4 million Indians who are currently members of the households were living outside the country. The average amount of remittances during the last one year was INR 57 thousands (1US$ = 45 INR in 2007–2008). The paper shows a vast disparity in the levels of emigration across different states of India as well as per capita remittances sent by them. It also analyses the characteristics of emigrants, reasons of emigrations and the related policy issues.
This article examines the intra-city distribution of women&am... more This article examines the intra-city distribution of women's nutritional status across eight Indian mega-cities with a specific focus on slum-non-slum divide. The analysis is based on the National Family Health Survey (2005-06) of India and highlights the dual burden of malnutrition among urban women. The results show that one in every two women in mega-cities is malnourished (either undernourished or overnourished), but a biased, analytical focus on citywide averages conceals the nature of the problem. Overnutrition among women is notably higher in non-slum areas whereas underweight persists as a key concern among slum dwellers. Cities located in the Central India (Nagpur and Indore) have the highest proportion of underweight women whereas the cities in South India (Chennai and Hyderabad) show a high prevalence of overweight women across both slum and non-slum areas. The intensity of income-related inequalities in underweight outcome is much greater for non-slum areas, whereas inequalities in overweight outcomes are higher among slums. Furthermore, regression analysis indicates that place of residence as such has no significant impact on women's nutritional status and that this elementary association is primarily a ramification mediated through other key socioeconomic correlates. Results suggest that, it would be rational to develop a comprehensive urban nutritional plan that focuses on dietary planning and behaviour change to address both type of malnutrition at the same time.
Page 1. REVIEW OF RURAL AFFAIRS Economic & Political Weekly EPW january 28, 2012 vol xlvii no... more Page 1. REVIEW OF RURAL AFFAIRS Economic & Political Weekly EPW january 28, 2012 vol xlvii no 4 81 Temporary and Seasonal Migration: Regional Pattern, Characteristics and Associated Factors Kunal Keshri, RB Bhagat ...
With a population of 1.21 billion according to the 2011 census, India is a culturally diverse, lo... more With a population of 1.21 billion according to the 2011 census, India is a culturally diverse, lower-middle income country located in south Asia. Data on internal migration have been collected since 1971, primarily by means of decennial censuses, with questions focussing on lifetime migration, duration of residence, reasons for moving and mover characteristics, coupled with regular household surveys. Data from the 2011 Census show that Indians exhibit a low level of permanent internal migration with an ACMI below 8%, which is thought to be substituted by temporary circular migration, particularly among males. Indians display early migration profiles, with peaks at age 20 for females and 25 for males, driven largely by marriage for the former and employment for the latter. With about 30% of its population residing in urban areas, India appears to be at an early stage in the urban transition and contribution of rural-to-urban migration to urban growth is not dominant. Moderate levels of migration effectiveness coupled with low intensities underpin limited population redistribution. Spatial patterns reflect pronounced and persistent state-level variations in socioeconomic conditions where developed and urbanised states register net gains while states at lower levels of development record net losses. Despite a low level of permanent internal migration by Asian and global standards, the Indian government remains concerned about rural-to-urban migration around issues of overcrowding and infrastructure provision.
Increasing urbanization and concomitantly accelerating rural-urban migration in India, provide a ... more Increasing urbanization and concomitantly accelerating rural-urban migration in India, provide a good scope to investigate the association of later with the infant and child mortality. This paper is an attempt examine the association between rural-urban migration and child mortality. study also analyzes the differentials of mortality rates and maternal and child health care utilization among different migrant and non-migrant groups (natives) using the latest data set of Indian National Family Health Survey, 2005-06. Study documented that rural-urban migrants are found to be ahead of rural natives and behind the urban natives in utilization of maternal and child health care services, while converse is true for infant and child mortality rates. Rural-urban migration is negatively associated with the infant mortality while no significant association has been observed with the early child mortality, after controlling for other socio-economic factors.
Migration and health share a complex relationship and interactions. The increasing urbanization a... more Migration and health share a complex relationship and interactions. The increasing urbanization and rural to urban migration provides a scope to analyze the health and nutrition status of migrants living in urban India. The present study tries to understand disparities in child immunization and nutritional status among children by migration status in urban India using the most recent available data of National Family Health Survey (2005-06). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used to study the levels and factors associated with child nutrition and immunization by migration status. Results suggest that malnutrition and no immunization are very high among children of rural to urban migrants and full immunization is lower than urban non-migrants and urban-urban migrants. More than half of the children from of marginalised households suffer from the problem of undernutrition among rural-urban migrants. Multivariate results show economic status economic sta...
Introduction Infant and Child mortality continue to be an important issue for the most of develop... more Introduction Infant and Child mortality continue to be an important issue for the most of developing countries and demographic research has devoted copious studies to understand the factors associated with them. Amid the increasing urbanization and concomitantly accelerating ruralurban migration, the association of later with the child survival has been a concern of many recent studies (Brockerhoff, 1990, 1994 & 1995; Islam & Azad, 2007; Stephenson et. al., 2003; Tam, 1994). Unquestionably rural areas lag behind the urban areas with respect to the availability of maternal child and health care service and evidences from several studies have shown that the type of place of residence and income are imperative determinants of child mortality and notably affects the child health care practices (Lalou & LeGrand, 1997; Poel, et. al., 2007).
International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 2015
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand disparities in child immunization and nutrit... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand disparities in child immunization and nutritional status among children by migration status in urban India. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilized third round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS, 2005-2006) data, which is the Indian version of Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used to study the levels and factors associated with child nutrition and immunization by migration status. Findings – Results suggest that malnutrition and no immunization are very high among children of rural-urban migrants and full immunization is lower than urban non-migrants and urban-urban migrants. More than half of the children from marginalized households suffer from the problem of undernutrition among rural-urban migrants. Multivariate results show economic status, age of the mother, education, caste and media exposure are negatively associated with malnutrition and positive...
Population and environment are inextricably related, but links between them are rather complex an... more Population and environment are inextricably related, but links between them are rather complex and depend on specific circumstances. Given the continued population growth and environmental degradation, it has become necessary that we deepen our understanding of the role played by human population dynamics such as size, distribution and composition on environmental change. Undoubtedly censuses are one of the richest sources of data which provide detailed information on socio-economic, demographic characteristics of a country’s population. Despite their potential, censuses are rarely used for the environmental analysis (Guzman, 2009). This paper, attempts to explain the potential use of census data in the study of environment.
Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences, 2014
This article examines the distribution and correlates of nutritional status of men and women in M... more This article examines the distribution and correlates of nutritional status of men and women in Mumbai, the largest mega city of India. Empirical analyses are based on the Indian National Family Health Survey (2005–2006) dataset. Results highlight the stark division of nutritional status and the consequent dual burden for public health policies to simultaneously manage under and over nutrition in Mumbai mega city. Results show that slightly less than half of men and half of the women population are nutritionally imbalanced. Underweight is a concern for men living in slums. On the other hand overnutrition/obesity among women is much higher in the non-slum areas whereas underweight is key concern in slums. The intensity of income-related inequalities in underweight outcomes is much greater for non-slum areas whereas inequalities in overweight outcomes are higher among slums. The regression analysis confirms that the place of dwelling is not significantly associated with the nutritional status when controlled for other immediate factors. This analysis finds that economic status of household is the main factor affecting the nutritional status. The paper concludes that the existing policies considering slums as the host of all the health related problems needs a critical re-examination. It is confronted that programs and policies can no longer assume that the slums-dwellers are the most vulnerable and there are no health related problems in the non-slums of urban areas. The paper suggests that focus should be on identifying the needs and concerns of specific subgroups of population in both slum as well as non slum areas of Mumbai.
The National Sample Survey Organization in India has collected information on emigration and remi... more The National Sample Survey Organization in India has collected information on emigration and remittances in its 64th round, for the first time, during 2007–2008 at the household level. It is estimated that 4.4 million Indians who are currently members of the households were living outside the country. The average amount of remittances during the last one year was INR 57 thousands (1US$ = 45 INR in 2007–2008). The paper shows a vast disparity in the levels of emigration across different states of India as well as per capita remittances sent by them. It also analyses the characteristics of emigrants, reasons of emigrations and the related policy issues.
This article examines the intra-city distribution of women&am... more This article examines the intra-city distribution of women's nutritional status across eight Indian mega-cities with a specific focus on slum-non-slum divide. The analysis is based on the National Family Health Survey (2005-06) of India and highlights the dual burden of malnutrition among urban women. The results show that one in every two women in mega-cities is malnourished (either undernourished or overnourished), but a biased, analytical focus on citywide averages conceals the nature of the problem. Overnutrition among women is notably higher in non-slum areas whereas underweight persists as a key concern among slum dwellers. Cities located in the Central India (Nagpur and Indore) have the highest proportion of underweight women whereas the cities in South India (Chennai and Hyderabad) show a high prevalence of overweight women across both slum and non-slum areas. The intensity of income-related inequalities in underweight outcome is much greater for non-slum areas, whereas inequalities in overweight outcomes are higher among slums. Furthermore, regression analysis indicates that place of residence as such has no significant impact on women's nutritional status and that this elementary association is primarily a ramification mediated through other key socioeconomic correlates. Results suggest that, it would be rational to develop a comprehensive urban nutritional plan that focuses on dietary planning and behaviour change to address both type of malnutrition at the same time.
Page 1. REVIEW OF RURAL AFFAIRS Economic & Political Weekly EPW january 28, 2012 vol xlvii no... more Page 1. REVIEW OF RURAL AFFAIRS Economic & Political Weekly EPW january 28, 2012 vol xlvii no 4 81 Temporary and Seasonal Migration: Regional Pattern, Characteristics and Associated Factors Kunal Keshri, RB Bhagat ...
With a population of 1.21 billion according to the 2011 census, India is a culturally diverse, lo... more With a population of 1.21 billion according to the 2011 census, India is a culturally diverse, lower-middle income country located in south Asia. Data on internal migration have been collected since 1971, primarily by means of decennial censuses, with questions focussing on lifetime migration, duration of residence, reasons for moving and mover characteristics, coupled with regular household surveys. Data from the 2011 Census show that Indians exhibit a low level of permanent internal migration with an ACMI below 8%, which is thought to be substituted by temporary circular migration, particularly among males. Indians display early migration profiles, with peaks at age 20 for females and 25 for males, driven largely by marriage for the former and employment for the latter. With about 30% of its population residing in urban areas, India appears to be at an early stage in the urban transition and contribution of rural-to-urban migration to urban growth is not dominant. Moderate levels of migration effectiveness coupled with low intensities underpin limited population redistribution. Spatial patterns reflect pronounced and persistent state-level variations in socioeconomic conditions where developed and urbanised states register net gains while states at lower levels of development record net losses. Despite a low level of permanent internal migration by Asian and global standards, the Indian government remains concerned about rural-to-urban migration around issues of overcrowding and infrastructure provision.
This article examines the intra-city distribution of women’s nutritional status across eight Indi... more This article examines the intra-city distribution of women’s nutritional status across eight Indian mega-cities with a specific focus on slum–non-slum divide. The analysis is based on the National Family Health Survey (2005–06) of India and highlights the dual burden of malnutrition among urban women. The results show that one in every two women in mega-cities is malnourished (either undernourished or overnourished), but a biased, analytical focus on citywide averages conceals the nature of the problem. Overnutrition among women is notably higher in non-slum areas whereas underweight persists as a key concern among slum dwellers. Cities located in the Central India (Nagpur and Indore) have the highest proportion of underweight women whereas the cities in South India (Chennai and Hyderabad) show a high prevalence of overweight women across both slum and non-slum areas. The intensity of income-related inequalities in underweight outcome is much greater for non-slum areas, whereas inequalities in overweight outcomes are higher among slums. Furthermore, regression analysis indicates that place of residence as such has no significant impact on women’s nutritional status and that this elementary association is primarily a ramification mediated through other key socioeconomic correlates. Results suggest that, it would be rational to develop a comprehensive urban nutritional plan that focuses on dietary planning and behaviour change to address both type of malnutrition at the same time.
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