2017 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF) Book of Abstracts, 2017
The paper presents the results of an analysis of the inter-turn fault effects on the voltage and ... more The paper presents the results of an analysis of the inter-turn fault effects on the voltage and current waveform of the capacitor discharge through transformer winding. The research was done within the FAIR project for which a measuring and diagnostic system for testing the condition of electrical circuits of superconducting electromagnets system is being developed. Appropriate measurements and simulations of special transformer system were made to verify the proposed diagnosis method. A mathematical model was developed considering the nonlinearity and hysteresis of the transformer magnetic core. The special test bench was made to emulate the inter-turn faults in transformer windings.
W artykule przedstawiono uklad do zdalnego monitorowania parametrow pracy elektrowni wiatrowej o ... more W artykule przedstawiono uklad do zdalnego monitorowania parametrow pracy elektrowni wiatrowej o pionowej osi obrotu. Do budowy systemu wykorzystano mikrokomputer klasy Raspberry PI 3 z zainstalowanym systemem operacyjnym Raspbian oraz karte pomiarową MicroDAQ E2000. Opracowanysystem umozliwia monitorowanie mocy na wyjściu generatora, momentu na wale turbiny, predkości obrotowej turbiny oraz predkości wiatru. Wartości monitorowanych parametrow zapisywane są w pamieci karty pomiarowej. Dzieki zastosowaniu mikrokomputera mozliwe bylo podlączenie komputera zewnetrznego do systemu i przesylanie zapisanych danych oraz monitorowanie ich wartości online.
IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
The presented paper concerns a design, modeling and chosen tests of the prototype multicell piezo... more The presented paper concerns a design, modeling and chosen tests of the prototype multicell piezoelectric motor (MPM). The principle of operation based on three independent traveling wave actuators is presented. The main materials and technologies used in the fabrication process are described. The structure of the motor is modeled using static and modal FEM analysis. The process of traveling wave generation in the MPM structure is demonstrated. Finally, the main results of the simulation are validated by measurements of MPM prototype. The natural frequencies of three actuators are measured along with the corresponding displacements at two locations.
2018 International Symposium on Electrical Machines (SME), 2018
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the medium frequency transformer. The o... more The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the medium frequency transformer. The object of the research was a prototype of a single-phase transformer with a core made of ferrite I-core elements and windings made of Litz conductors. The research was carried out to determine the parameters of the transformer's mathematical model. The scope of the tests included determining the magnetic hysteresis loop and measuring the winding impedance. The magnetic hysteresis loop has been included in the transformer model using a static Preisach model with feedback. The simulation results were compared with the measurement results.
IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019
The article presents a system for remote monitoring of working parameters of a wind turbine with ... more The article presents a system for remote monitoring of working parameters of a wind turbine with a vertical axis. The monitoring system was built using a Raspberry PI 3 microcomputer with the Raspbian operating system and a MicroDAQ E2000 measuring card. The developed system enables monitoring the power output of the generator, torque on the turbine shaft, turbine speed and wind speed. The values of the monitored parameters are saved in the internal memory of the measuring device. By using a microcomputer, it is possible to view and share measurement results remotely.
IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
The article presents a three-phase Medium Frequency Transformer being a part of a 100kW 1.2kV 20k... more The article presents a three-phase Medium Frequency Transformer being a part of a 100kW 1.2kV 20kHz Dual Active Bridge DC-DC converter. The transformer design is detailed focusing on winding and core power loss calculation. The high power three-phase MFT prototype is presented. The experimental results include the transformer impedance characteristics, no load test and three-phase DAB full load test waveforms.
This paper presents a prototype of high speed brushless synchronous generators (BSG) design for t... more This paper presents a prototype of high speed brushless synchronous generators (BSG) design for the application in autonomous electric power generation systems (e.g., airplane power grid). Commonly used salient pole field of the main generator part of BSG was replaced with a prototype non-salient pole field. The main objective of the research is an investigation into the advantages and disadvantages of a cylindrical field of the main generator part of BSG over the original salient pole field. The design process of the prototype generator is presented with a focus on the electromagnetic and mechanical finite element method (FEM) analysis. The measurements of prototype and commercial BSG were conducted for the nominal speed of 8 krpm. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solution were established based on measurements in load and no-load conditions.
In this paper, the static and dynamic simulations, and mechanical-level Hardware-In-the-Loop (MHI... more In this paper, the static and dynamic simulations, and mechanical-level Hardware-In-the-Loop (MHIL) laboratory testing methodology of prototype drive systems with energy-saving permanent-magnet electric motors, intended for use in modern construction cranes is proposed and described. This research was aimed at designing and constructing a new type of tower crane by Krupiński Cranes Company. The described research stage was necessary for validation of the selection of the drive system elements and confirmation of its compliance with applicable standards. The mechanical construction of the crane was not completed and unavailable at the time of testing. A verification of drive system parameters had to be performed in MHIL laboratory testing, in which it would be possible to simulate torque acting on the motor shaft. It was shown that the HIL simulation for a crane may be accurate and an effective approach in the development phase. The experimental tests of selected operating cycles of ...
This article presents a comparison between integer and non-integer order modelling of a synchrono... more This article presents a comparison between integer and non-integer order modelling of a synchronous generator, in the frequency domain as well as in the time domain. The classical integer order model was compared to one containing half-order systems. The half-order systems are represented in a Park d-q axis equivalent circuit as impedances modelled by half-order transmittances. Using a direct method based on the approximation of the half-order derivatives by the Grünwald–Letnikov definition, a state-space equation system was solved. For both models, a computational program written in Matlab® software was used. For the purpose of time domain simulation, the machine models were connected to an electric load composed of an RL circuit. To validate and compare both models, simulation results of a three-phase short-circuit and a no-load voltage recovery were compared with corresponding measurements performed on a solid salient-pole synchronous generator of 125 kVA.
The magnetizing inductance of the medium frequency transformer (MFT) impacts the performance of t... more The magnetizing inductance of the medium frequency transformer (MFT) impacts the performance of the isolated dc-dc power converters. The ferrite material is considered for high power transformers but it requires an assembly of type “I” cores resulting in a multi air gap structure of the magnetic core. The authors claim that the multiple air gaps are randomly distributed and that the average air gap length is unpredictable at the industrial design stage. As a consequence, the required effective magnetic permeability and the magnetizing inductance are difficult to achieve within reasonable error margins. This article presents the measurements of the equivalent B(H) and the equivalent magnetic permeability of two three-phase MFT prototypes. The measured equivalent B(H) is used in an FEM simulation and compared against a no load test of a 100 kW isolated dc-dc converter showing a good fit within a 10% error. Further analysis leads to the demonstration that the equivalent magnetic permea...
The paper describes a synchronous generator model developed based on the multiple reference frame... more The paper describes a synchronous generator model developed based on the multiple reference frame theory. The main physical phenomena included in the model are the machine armature non-sinusoidal voltage waveform and the influence of armature current in load conditions on the armature voltage waveform higher harmonic components. The modified multiple reference frame theory model is proposed. In this modified theory model the field and armature currents are the cause of the non-sinusoidal airgap spatial field distribution. The influence of this airgap spatial field distribution is also investigated. The resulting nonuniform saturation of the pole shoe affects the machine voltage waveform in load conditions. Simulation and measurements of the machine performance in steady and transient states are conducted in order to validate the model.
The paper presents results of an analysis of inter-turn fault effects on the voltage and current ... more The paper presents results of an analysis of inter-turn fault effects on the voltage and current waveforms of a capacitor discharge through transformer windings. The research was conducted in the frame of the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research project which goal is to build a new international accelerator facility that utilizes superconducting magnets. For the sake of electrical quality assurance of the superconducting magnet circuits, a measurement and diagnostic system is currently under development at Gdansk University of Technology (GUT). Appropriate measurements and simulations of the special transformer system were performed to verify the proposed diagnostic method. In order to take into account the nonlinearity and hysteresis of the magnetic yoke, a novel mathematical model of the transformer was developed. A special test bench was constructed to emulate the inter-turn faults within transformer windings.
This paper presents the design, modeling, and tests of the prototype multicell piezoelectric moto... more This paper presents the design, modeling, and tests of the prototype multicell piezoelectric motor (MPM). A new concept of the electromechanical structure of the considered prototype is based on three rotating-mode actuators. The electromechanical structure of each actuator has been considered as an independent one—referred to as a “single cell” (single actuator). Combined three resonant actuators generate three traveling waves that as a result improve the stability and performance of the MPM. The results of research carried out using analytical, simulation, and experimental methods cover the torque versus speed characteristics of the prototype MPM.
This paper presents the mathematical model of a single-phase multi-winding core type transformer ... more This paper presents the mathematical model of a single-phase multi-winding core type transformer taking into account magnetic hysteresis phenomenon based on the feedback Preisach model (FPM). The set of loop differential equations was developed for a
Abstract In this paper a synchronous generator model is described. This model is developed on the... more Abstract In this paper a synchronous generator model is described. This model is developed on the assumption that in loaded and no load conditions the saturation effect affects the pole shoe in a different way. The developed model is based on the multiple saliency model and is formulated using winding function approach in machine variables. The influence of the non-uniform saturation of the pole shoe in load conditions on the performance of the generator is investigated. Simulation results of the model are compared with the measurements on selected salient pole synchronous generator for steady and transient states.
The paper presents a concept, a construction, a circuit model and experimental results of the dou... more The paper presents a concept, a construction, a circuit model and experimental results of the double-rotor induction motor. This type of a motor is to be implemented in the concept of the electromagnetic differential. At the same time it should fulfill the function of differential mechanism and the vehicle drive. One of the motor shafts is coupled to the direction changing mechanical transmission. The windings of the external rotor are powered by slip rings and brushes. The inner rotor has the squirrel-cage windings. The circuit model parameters were calculated based on the 7.5 kW real single-rotor induction motor (2p = 4). Experimental verification of the model was based on comparison between the mentioned single-rotor motor and double-rotor model with the outer rotor blocked. The presented results showed relatively good compliance between the model and real motor.
2017 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF) Book of Abstracts, 2017
The paper presents the results of an analysis of the inter-turn fault effects on the voltage and ... more The paper presents the results of an analysis of the inter-turn fault effects on the voltage and current waveform of the capacitor discharge through transformer winding. The research was done within the FAIR project for which a measuring and diagnostic system for testing the condition of electrical circuits of superconducting electromagnets system is being developed. Appropriate measurements and simulations of special transformer system were made to verify the proposed diagnosis method. A mathematical model was developed considering the nonlinearity and hysteresis of the transformer magnetic core. The special test bench was made to emulate the inter-turn faults in transformer windings.
W artykule przedstawiono uklad do zdalnego monitorowania parametrow pracy elektrowni wiatrowej o ... more W artykule przedstawiono uklad do zdalnego monitorowania parametrow pracy elektrowni wiatrowej o pionowej osi obrotu. Do budowy systemu wykorzystano mikrokomputer klasy Raspberry PI 3 z zainstalowanym systemem operacyjnym Raspbian oraz karte pomiarową MicroDAQ E2000. Opracowanysystem umozliwia monitorowanie mocy na wyjściu generatora, momentu na wale turbiny, predkości obrotowej turbiny oraz predkości wiatru. Wartości monitorowanych parametrow zapisywane są w pamieci karty pomiarowej. Dzieki zastosowaniu mikrokomputera mozliwe bylo podlączenie komputera zewnetrznego do systemu i przesylanie zapisanych danych oraz monitorowanie ich wartości online.
IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
The presented paper concerns a design, modeling and chosen tests of the prototype multicell piezo... more The presented paper concerns a design, modeling and chosen tests of the prototype multicell piezoelectric motor (MPM). The principle of operation based on three independent traveling wave actuators is presented. The main materials and technologies used in the fabrication process are described. The structure of the motor is modeled using static and modal FEM analysis. The process of traveling wave generation in the MPM structure is demonstrated. Finally, the main results of the simulation are validated by measurements of MPM prototype. The natural frequencies of three actuators are measured along with the corresponding displacements at two locations.
2018 International Symposium on Electrical Machines (SME), 2018
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the medium frequency transformer. The o... more The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the medium frequency transformer. The object of the research was a prototype of a single-phase transformer with a core made of ferrite I-core elements and windings made of Litz conductors. The research was carried out to determine the parameters of the transformer's mathematical model. The scope of the tests included determining the magnetic hysteresis loop and measuring the winding impedance. The magnetic hysteresis loop has been included in the transformer model using a static Preisach model with feedback. The simulation results were compared with the measurement results.
IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019
The article presents a system for remote monitoring of working parameters of a wind turbine with ... more The article presents a system for remote monitoring of working parameters of a wind turbine with a vertical axis. The monitoring system was built using a Raspberry PI 3 microcomputer with the Raspbian operating system and a MicroDAQ E2000 measuring card. The developed system enables monitoring the power output of the generator, torque on the turbine shaft, turbine speed and wind speed. The values of the monitored parameters are saved in the internal memory of the measuring device. By using a microcomputer, it is possible to view and share measurement results remotely.
IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
The article presents a three-phase Medium Frequency Transformer being a part of a 100kW 1.2kV 20k... more The article presents a three-phase Medium Frequency Transformer being a part of a 100kW 1.2kV 20kHz Dual Active Bridge DC-DC converter. The transformer design is detailed focusing on winding and core power loss calculation. The high power three-phase MFT prototype is presented. The experimental results include the transformer impedance characteristics, no load test and three-phase DAB full load test waveforms.
This paper presents a prototype of high speed brushless synchronous generators (BSG) design for t... more This paper presents a prototype of high speed brushless synchronous generators (BSG) design for the application in autonomous electric power generation systems (e.g., airplane power grid). Commonly used salient pole field of the main generator part of BSG was replaced with a prototype non-salient pole field. The main objective of the research is an investigation into the advantages and disadvantages of a cylindrical field of the main generator part of BSG over the original salient pole field. The design process of the prototype generator is presented with a focus on the electromagnetic and mechanical finite element method (FEM) analysis. The measurements of prototype and commercial BSG were conducted for the nominal speed of 8 krpm. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solution were established based on measurements in load and no-load conditions.
In this paper, the static and dynamic simulations, and mechanical-level Hardware-In-the-Loop (MHI... more In this paper, the static and dynamic simulations, and mechanical-level Hardware-In-the-Loop (MHIL) laboratory testing methodology of prototype drive systems with energy-saving permanent-magnet electric motors, intended for use in modern construction cranes is proposed and described. This research was aimed at designing and constructing a new type of tower crane by Krupiński Cranes Company. The described research stage was necessary for validation of the selection of the drive system elements and confirmation of its compliance with applicable standards. The mechanical construction of the crane was not completed and unavailable at the time of testing. A verification of drive system parameters had to be performed in MHIL laboratory testing, in which it would be possible to simulate torque acting on the motor shaft. It was shown that the HIL simulation for a crane may be accurate and an effective approach in the development phase. The experimental tests of selected operating cycles of ...
This article presents a comparison between integer and non-integer order modelling of a synchrono... more This article presents a comparison between integer and non-integer order modelling of a synchronous generator, in the frequency domain as well as in the time domain. The classical integer order model was compared to one containing half-order systems. The half-order systems are represented in a Park d-q axis equivalent circuit as impedances modelled by half-order transmittances. Using a direct method based on the approximation of the half-order derivatives by the Grünwald–Letnikov definition, a state-space equation system was solved. For both models, a computational program written in Matlab® software was used. For the purpose of time domain simulation, the machine models were connected to an electric load composed of an RL circuit. To validate and compare both models, simulation results of a three-phase short-circuit and a no-load voltage recovery were compared with corresponding measurements performed on a solid salient-pole synchronous generator of 125 kVA.
The magnetizing inductance of the medium frequency transformer (MFT) impacts the performance of t... more The magnetizing inductance of the medium frequency transformer (MFT) impacts the performance of the isolated dc-dc power converters. The ferrite material is considered for high power transformers but it requires an assembly of type “I” cores resulting in a multi air gap structure of the magnetic core. The authors claim that the multiple air gaps are randomly distributed and that the average air gap length is unpredictable at the industrial design stage. As a consequence, the required effective magnetic permeability and the magnetizing inductance are difficult to achieve within reasonable error margins. This article presents the measurements of the equivalent B(H) and the equivalent magnetic permeability of two three-phase MFT prototypes. The measured equivalent B(H) is used in an FEM simulation and compared against a no load test of a 100 kW isolated dc-dc converter showing a good fit within a 10% error. Further analysis leads to the demonstration that the equivalent magnetic permea...
The paper describes a synchronous generator model developed based on the multiple reference frame... more The paper describes a synchronous generator model developed based on the multiple reference frame theory. The main physical phenomena included in the model are the machine armature non-sinusoidal voltage waveform and the influence of armature current in load conditions on the armature voltage waveform higher harmonic components. The modified multiple reference frame theory model is proposed. In this modified theory model the field and armature currents are the cause of the non-sinusoidal airgap spatial field distribution. The influence of this airgap spatial field distribution is also investigated. The resulting nonuniform saturation of the pole shoe affects the machine voltage waveform in load conditions. Simulation and measurements of the machine performance in steady and transient states are conducted in order to validate the model.
The paper presents results of an analysis of inter-turn fault effects on the voltage and current ... more The paper presents results of an analysis of inter-turn fault effects on the voltage and current waveforms of a capacitor discharge through transformer windings. The research was conducted in the frame of the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research project which goal is to build a new international accelerator facility that utilizes superconducting magnets. For the sake of electrical quality assurance of the superconducting magnet circuits, a measurement and diagnostic system is currently under development at Gdansk University of Technology (GUT). Appropriate measurements and simulations of the special transformer system were performed to verify the proposed diagnostic method. In order to take into account the nonlinearity and hysteresis of the magnetic yoke, a novel mathematical model of the transformer was developed. A special test bench was constructed to emulate the inter-turn faults within transformer windings.
This paper presents the design, modeling, and tests of the prototype multicell piezoelectric moto... more This paper presents the design, modeling, and tests of the prototype multicell piezoelectric motor (MPM). A new concept of the electromechanical structure of the considered prototype is based on three rotating-mode actuators. The electromechanical structure of each actuator has been considered as an independent one—referred to as a “single cell” (single actuator). Combined three resonant actuators generate three traveling waves that as a result improve the stability and performance of the MPM. The results of research carried out using analytical, simulation, and experimental methods cover the torque versus speed characteristics of the prototype MPM.
This paper presents the mathematical model of a single-phase multi-winding core type transformer ... more This paper presents the mathematical model of a single-phase multi-winding core type transformer taking into account magnetic hysteresis phenomenon based on the feedback Preisach model (FPM). The set of loop differential equations was developed for a
Abstract In this paper a synchronous generator model is described. This model is developed on the... more Abstract In this paper a synchronous generator model is described. This model is developed on the assumption that in loaded and no load conditions the saturation effect affects the pole shoe in a different way. The developed model is based on the multiple saliency model and is formulated using winding function approach in machine variables. The influence of the non-uniform saturation of the pole shoe in load conditions on the performance of the generator is investigated. Simulation results of the model are compared with the measurements on selected salient pole synchronous generator for steady and transient states.
The paper presents a concept, a construction, a circuit model and experimental results of the dou... more The paper presents a concept, a construction, a circuit model and experimental results of the double-rotor induction motor. This type of a motor is to be implemented in the concept of the electromagnetic differential. At the same time it should fulfill the function of differential mechanism and the vehicle drive. One of the motor shafts is coupled to the direction changing mechanical transmission. The windings of the external rotor are powered by slip rings and brushes. The inner rotor has the squirrel-cage windings. The circuit model parameters were calculated based on the 7.5 kW real single-rotor induction motor (2p = 4). Experimental verification of the model was based on comparison between the mentioned single-rotor motor and double-rotor model with the outer rotor blocked. The presented results showed relatively good compliance between the model and real motor.
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Papers by Michal Michna