international journal of advanced design and manufacturing technology, 2013
Abstract: Friction stir welding, a solid state innovative joining technique, is widely being used... more Abstract: Friction stir welding, a solid state innovative joining technique, is widely being used for joining aluminium alloys for aerospace, marine automotive and many other applications of commercial importance. FSW trials were carried out using a vertical machining centre (VMC) on AA6061 alloy. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the weld processing parameter of friction stir weld (FSW) process for AA6061-T6 alloy and to determine the properties of the obtained joints with respect of welding speed. Experiments have been conducted by varying the welding speed of 55-70 mm/min and the rotating speed was fixed at 1700rpm. Tensile properties, microstructure, microhardness, fractography, and corrosion resistance of FSW joints were investigated in this study. The result showed that there was a variation of grain size in each weld zone which depends upon the material and process parameters of FSW in the joint itself. The coarsest grain size was observed in heat affec...
Friction stir welding is a solid state innovative joining technique, widely being used for joinin... more Friction stir welding is a solid state innovative joining technique, widely being used for joining aluminium alloys in aerospace, marine automotive and many other applications of commercial importance. The welding parameters and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding the weld quality. In this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the influences of welding speed and pin profile of the tool on friction stir welded joints of AA6082-T6 alloy. Three different tool pin profiles (tapered cylindrical four flutes, triangular and hexagonal) have been used to fabricate the joints at different welding speeds in the range of 30 to 74 mm/min. Microhardness (HV) and tensile tests performed at room temperature were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joints. In order to analyse the microstructural evolution of the material, the weld’s cross-sections were observed optically and SEM observations were made of the fracture surfaces. From this investigation it is found that...
Magnesium alloys have generated renewed interest as a light alloys; replacing some conventional s... more Magnesium alloys have generated renewed interest as a light alloys; replacing some conventional structural materials for weight reduction in applications like aerospace, automotive and electronics industries. In interior components and powertrains, cast alloys are widely used and represent more than 99% of magnesium alloys used today, whereas only a few wrought products are used. Mostly in automotive applications, Mg-engine block can noticeably reduce the weight and consequently its fuel consumption and environmental impact. Due to solid-state precipitates, these alloys are strong in nature and are produced by an age-hardening heat treatment process. In the present work the age hardening behavior of the as cast Mg–Zn–Al alloys (ZA85 alloy) in the composition of 8 wt. %Zn, 5 wt. %Al has been investigated. Through the differential thermal analysis (DTA) studies, it has been found out that dissolution temperature of ternary eutectic precipitates is present in the alloy. Based on the DT...
X-ray radiography techniques are used for evaluation of the quality of the friction stir welded a... more X-ray radiography techniques are used for evaluation of the quality of the friction stir welded aluminium butt joints. This paper reports X-ray radiography testing conducted on similar friction stir welds between AA7075T 651 aluminium alloy and dissimilar friction stir welds between aluminium alloys AA7075T 651 and AA6061T 6. The Friction stir welds of AA7075 & AA6061 aluminium alloy were produced at different tool rotational speeds and transverse speed. The tool rotational speed was varied from 800, 900, 1000 rpm while the transverse speed was varied from 30, 35, 40mm/min. The visual inspection and the x-ray radiographic testing techniques were employed to conduct the tests; these tests were conducted on the welds to ascertain the joint integrity before characterization to have an idea of the quality of the welds. In visual defects, the lateral flash was observed in most of the welds, but the x-ray radiography technique revealed the presence of lack of penetrations flaws in all wel...
international journal of advanced design and manufacturing technology, 2011
Abstract: A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a transmission which may change step less... more Abstract: A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a transmission which may change step less by way of an infinite variety of effective gear ratios between maximum and minimum values. This contrasts with different mechanical transmissions that solely permit just a few different distinct gear ratios to be selected. Continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) are mechanical devices that allow a continuous variation of the output velocity by adjusting its geometrical configuration. This offers several advantages over traditional transmissions such as better fuel efficiency, quieter operation, and a lower mass. Current efforts to reduce the vehicles, fuel consumption in order to protect the environment and save fuel have seen a recent resurgence in CVT research, especially in the automotive industry. The torque of the continuously variable transmission system with friction drive mechanism is transmitted by contacting roller with input and output disks. For the higher transmitted tor...
Friction-stir welding (FSW), a solid-state innovative joining technique, is being widely used for... more Friction-stir welding (FSW), a solid-state innovative joining technique, is being widely used for joining aluminium alloys for the aerospace, marine, automotive industries and many other applications of commercial importance. FSW trials were carried out using a vertical machining centre (VMC) on an AA6061 alloy. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the weld-processing parameters of FSW for the AA6061-T6 alloy and to determine the properties of the obtained joints with respect to the welding speed. The experiments were conducted by varying the welding speed between 55–70 mm/min and the rotating speed was fixed at 1700 r/min. The tensile properties, microstructure, microhardness, fractography and corrosion resistance of the FSW joints were investigated in this study. The result showed that there was a variation in the grain size in each weld zone depending upon the material and the process parameters of FSW in a joint. The coarsest grain size was observed in the heat...
X-ray radiography techniques are used for evaluation of the quality of the friction stir welded a... more X-ray radiography techniques are used for evaluation of the quality of the friction stir welded aluminium butt joints. This paper reports X-ray radiography testing conducted on similar friction stir welds between AA7075T651 aluminium alloy and dissimilar friction stir welds between aluminium alloys AA7075T651 and AA6061T6. The Friction stir welds of AA7075 & AA6061 aluminium alloy were produced at different tool rotational speeds and transverse speed. The tool rotational speed was varied from 800, 900, 1000 rpm while the transverse speed was varied from 30, 35, 40mm/min. The visual inspection and the x-ray radiographic testing techniques were employed to conduct the tests; these tests were conducted on the welds to ascertain the joint integrity before characterization to have an idea of the quality of the welds. In visual defects, the lateral flash was observed in most of the welds, but the x-ray radiography technique revealed the presence of lack of penetrations flaws in all weld s...
Surface texturing plays a significant role on the tribological performance of contact surfaces. T... more Surface texturing plays a significant role on the tribological performance of contact surfaces. The tribological characteristics are mostly dependent upon the different pattern and methods of surface texturing. This research works investigates lubricated wear behaviour on circular dimples textured EN-31 alloy steel materials using DUCOM linear reciprocating tribometer. The surface dimples are fabricated by micro-EDM and micro-drilling CNC methods. Initially plane surfaces are tested under different lubricants ISO-68 and ISO-220 oil on a couple of EN31 plates with EN8 steel pin. At loading conditions the results clearly shows that the ISO 68 oil gives better performance than ISO-220 oil in terms of frictional force and COF. The operation during test under ISO-220 oil observed is very noisy and wear rate is also more. Then after experiments under different load conditions on textured surfaces were investigated using optimized ISO-68 oil. An experimental results on m-EDM provides super...
international journal of advanced design and manufacturing technology, 2013
Abstract: Friction stir welding, a solid state innovative joining technique, is widely being used... more Abstract: Friction stir welding, a solid state innovative joining technique, is widely being used for joining aluminium alloys for aerospace, marine automotive and many other applications of commercial importance. FSW trials were carried out using a vertical machining centre (VMC) on AA6061 alloy. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the weld processing parameter of friction stir weld (FSW) process for AA6061-T6 alloy and to determine the properties of the obtained joints with respect of welding speed. Experiments have been conducted by varying the welding speed of 55-70 mm/min and the rotating speed was fixed at 1700rpm. Tensile properties, microstructure, microhardness, fractography, and corrosion resistance of FSW joints were investigated in this study. The result showed that there was a variation of grain size in each weld zone which depends upon the material and process parameters of FSW in the joint itself. The coarsest grain size was observed in heat affec...
Friction stir welding is a solid state innovative joining technique, widely being used for joinin... more Friction stir welding is a solid state innovative joining technique, widely being used for joining aluminium alloys in aerospace, marine automotive and many other applications of commercial importance. The welding parameters and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding the weld quality. In this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the influences of welding speed and pin profile of the tool on friction stir welded joints of AA6082-T6 alloy. Three different tool pin profiles (tapered cylindrical four flutes, triangular and hexagonal) have been used to fabricate the joints at different welding speeds in the range of 30 to 74 mm/min. Microhardness (HV) and tensile tests performed at room temperature were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joints. In order to analyse the microstructural evolution of the material, the weld’s cross-sections were observed optically and SEM observations were made of the fracture surfaces. From this investigation it is found that...
Magnesium alloys have generated renewed interest as a light alloys; replacing some conventional s... more Magnesium alloys have generated renewed interest as a light alloys; replacing some conventional structural materials for weight reduction in applications like aerospace, automotive and electronics industries. In interior components and powertrains, cast alloys are widely used and represent more than 99% of magnesium alloys used today, whereas only a few wrought products are used. Mostly in automotive applications, Mg-engine block can noticeably reduce the weight and consequently its fuel consumption and environmental impact. Due to solid-state precipitates, these alloys are strong in nature and are produced by an age-hardening heat treatment process. In the present work the age hardening behavior of the as cast Mg–Zn–Al alloys (ZA85 alloy) in the composition of 8 wt. %Zn, 5 wt. %Al has been investigated. Through the differential thermal analysis (DTA) studies, it has been found out that dissolution temperature of ternary eutectic precipitates is present in the alloy. Based on the DT...
X-ray radiography techniques are used for evaluation of the quality of the friction stir welded a... more X-ray radiography techniques are used for evaluation of the quality of the friction stir welded aluminium butt joints. This paper reports X-ray radiography testing conducted on similar friction stir welds between AA7075T 651 aluminium alloy and dissimilar friction stir welds between aluminium alloys AA7075T 651 and AA6061T 6. The Friction stir welds of AA7075 & AA6061 aluminium alloy were produced at different tool rotational speeds and transverse speed. The tool rotational speed was varied from 800, 900, 1000 rpm while the transverse speed was varied from 30, 35, 40mm/min. The visual inspection and the x-ray radiographic testing techniques were employed to conduct the tests; these tests were conducted on the welds to ascertain the joint integrity before characterization to have an idea of the quality of the welds. In visual defects, the lateral flash was observed in most of the welds, but the x-ray radiography technique revealed the presence of lack of penetrations flaws in all wel...
international journal of advanced design and manufacturing technology, 2011
Abstract: A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a transmission which may change step less... more Abstract: A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a transmission which may change step less by way of an infinite variety of effective gear ratios between maximum and minimum values. This contrasts with different mechanical transmissions that solely permit just a few different distinct gear ratios to be selected. Continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) are mechanical devices that allow a continuous variation of the output velocity by adjusting its geometrical configuration. This offers several advantages over traditional transmissions such as better fuel efficiency, quieter operation, and a lower mass. Current efforts to reduce the vehicles, fuel consumption in order to protect the environment and save fuel have seen a recent resurgence in CVT research, especially in the automotive industry. The torque of the continuously variable transmission system with friction drive mechanism is transmitted by contacting roller with input and output disks. For the higher transmitted tor...
Friction-stir welding (FSW), a solid-state innovative joining technique, is being widely used for... more Friction-stir welding (FSW), a solid-state innovative joining technique, is being widely used for joining aluminium alloys for the aerospace, marine, automotive industries and many other applications of commercial importance. FSW trials were carried out using a vertical machining centre (VMC) on an AA6061 alloy. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the weld-processing parameters of FSW for the AA6061-T6 alloy and to determine the properties of the obtained joints with respect to the welding speed. The experiments were conducted by varying the welding speed between 55–70 mm/min and the rotating speed was fixed at 1700 r/min. The tensile properties, microstructure, microhardness, fractography and corrosion resistance of the FSW joints were investigated in this study. The result showed that there was a variation in the grain size in each weld zone depending upon the material and the process parameters of FSW in a joint. The coarsest grain size was observed in the heat...
X-ray radiography techniques are used for evaluation of the quality of the friction stir welded a... more X-ray radiography techniques are used for evaluation of the quality of the friction stir welded aluminium butt joints. This paper reports X-ray radiography testing conducted on similar friction stir welds between AA7075T651 aluminium alloy and dissimilar friction stir welds between aluminium alloys AA7075T651 and AA6061T6. The Friction stir welds of AA7075 & AA6061 aluminium alloy were produced at different tool rotational speeds and transverse speed. The tool rotational speed was varied from 800, 900, 1000 rpm while the transverse speed was varied from 30, 35, 40mm/min. The visual inspection and the x-ray radiographic testing techniques were employed to conduct the tests; these tests were conducted on the welds to ascertain the joint integrity before characterization to have an idea of the quality of the welds. In visual defects, the lateral flash was observed in most of the welds, but the x-ray radiography technique revealed the presence of lack of penetrations flaws in all weld s...
Surface texturing plays a significant role on the tribological performance of contact surfaces. T... more Surface texturing plays a significant role on the tribological performance of contact surfaces. The tribological characteristics are mostly dependent upon the different pattern and methods of surface texturing. This research works investigates lubricated wear behaviour on circular dimples textured EN-31 alloy steel materials using DUCOM linear reciprocating tribometer. The surface dimples are fabricated by micro-EDM and micro-drilling CNC methods. Initially plane surfaces are tested under different lubricants ISO-68 and ISO-220 oil on a couple of EN31 plates with EN8 steel pin. At loading conditions the results clearly shows that the ISO 68 oil gives better performance than ISO-220 oil in terms of frictional force and COF. The operation during test under ISO-220 oil observed is very noisy and wear rate is also more. Then after experiments under different load conditions on textured surfaces were investigated using optimized ISO-68 oil. An experimental results on m-EDM provides super...
Uploads