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guide.yml
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# yaml-language-server: $schema=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cncf/landscape2/refs/heads/main/docs/config/schema/guide.schema.json
# Landscape2 guide
#
# This file allows defining the content of the landscape guide.
#
# The landscape guide is organized into categories and subcategories. Each of
# these entities requires a name and some content. The content can be provided
# in markdown format. Categories and subcategories names are not required to
# match the ones defined in the landscape data file but, when they do, those
# categories/subcategories will be enriched with some extra information. So
# whenever possible, it's highly recommended that they do.
#
# We recommend using headings of level 4-6 within the content blocks as levels
# 1-3 are reserved to illustrate the hierarchy of categories and subcategories.
#
# The following example contains a subset of the CNCF landscape guide content:
categories:
- category: "Introduction"
keywords: []
content: |
If you've researched cloud native applications and technologies, you've probably come
across the [CNCF cloud native landscape](https://landscape.cncf.io). Unsurprisingly,
the sheer scale of it can be overwhelming. So many categories and so many technologies.
How do you make sense of it?
As with anything else, if you break it down and analyze it one piece at a time, you'll
find it's not that complex and makes a lot of sense. In fact, the map is neatly organized
by functionality and, once you understand what each category represents, navigating it
becomes a lot easier.
In this guide, we'll break this mammoth landscape down and provide a high-level overview
of its layers, columns, and categories.
subcategories:
- subcategory: "What is the cloud native landscape?"
content: |
The goal of the cloud native landscape is to compile and organize all cloud native open
source projects and proprietary products into categories, providing an overview of the
current ecosystem. Organizations that have a cloud native project or product can
[submit a PR](https://github.com/cncf/landscape/) to request it to be added to the
landscape.
- subcategory: "How to use this guide"
content: |
In this guide, you'll find one chapter per layer and column which discusses each category
within it. Categories are broken down into: what it is, the problem it addresses, how it
helps, and technical 101. While the first three sections assume no technical background,
the technical 101 is targeted to engineers just getting started with cloud native. We
also included a section for associated buzzwords and lists CNCF projects.
> ##### INFOBOX
>
> When looking at the landscape, you'll note a few distinctions:
> * *Projects in large boxes* are CNCF-hosted open source projects. Some are still in
> the incubation phase (light blue/purple frame), while others are graduated
> projects (dark blue frame).
> * *Projects in small white boxes* are open source projects.
> * *Products in gray boxes* are proprietary products.
>
> Please note that new projects are continuously becoming part of the CNCF so
> always refer to the actual landscape - things are moving fast!
- subcategory: "Contribute to the CNCF Landscape"
content: |
Are you searching for an exciting project to contribute to within the CNCF ecosystem?
Look no further! The CNCF hosts a wide range of projects that span cloud-native computing.
To find the perfect project for your skills and interests, check out our comprehensive
contribution guide at [Getting Started](https://contribute.cncf.io/contributors/getting-started/).
It provides you step-by-step instructions on getting started and offers valuable insights for
both newcomers and experienced contributors. Join our vibrant community and make your mark on
cloud-native innovation today!
- category: "Provisioning"
keywords: []
content: |
Provisioning is the first layer in the cloud native landscape. It encompasses tools that
are used to *create and harden* the foundation on which cloud native apps are built.
You'll find tools to automatically configure, create, and manage the infrastructure,
as well as for scanning, signing, and storing container images. The layer also extends
to security with tools that enable policy setting and enforcement, embedded authentication
and authorization, and the handling of secrets distribution. That's a mouthful, so let's
discuss each category at a time.
subcategories:
- subcategory: "Automation & Configuration"
keywords:
- "Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC)"
- "Automation"
- "Declarative Configuration"
content: |
#### What it is
Automation and configuration tools speed up the creation and configuration of compute
resources (virtual machines, networks, firewall rules, load balancers, etc.). Tools in
this category either handle different parts of the provisioning process or try to control
everything end-to-end. Most provide the ability to integrate with other projects and
products in the space.
#### Problem it addresses
Traditionally, IT processes relied on lengthy and labor intensive manual release cycles,
typically between three to six months. Those cycles came with lots of human processes and
controls that slowed down changes to production environments. These slow release cycles
and static environments aren't compatible with cloud native development. To deliver on
rapid development cycles, infrastructure must be provisioned dynamically and without
human intervention.
#### How it helps
Tools of this category allow engineers to build computing environments without human
intervention. By codifying the environment setup it becomes reproducible with the click
of a button. While manual setup is error prone, once codified, environment creation
matches the exact desired state -- a huge advantage.
While tools may take different approaches, they all aim at reducing the required work
to provision resources through automation.
#### Technical 101
As we move from old-style human-driven provisioning to a new on-demand scaling model
driven by the cloud, the patterns and tools we used before no longer meet our needs.
Most organizations can't afford a large 24x7 staff to create, configure, and manage
servers. Automated tools like Terraform reduce the level of effort required to scale
tens of servers and networks with hundreds of firewall rules. Tools like Puppet, Chef,
and Ansible provision and/or configure these new servers and applications
programmatically as they are spun up and allow them to be consumed by developers.
Some tools interact directly with the infrastructure APIs provided by platforms like
AWS or vSphere, while others focus on configuring the individual machines to make them
part of a Kubernetes cluster. Many, like Chef and Terraform, can interoperate to provision
and configure the environment. Others, like OpenStack, exist to provide an
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) environment that other tools could consume.
Fundamentally, you'll need one or more tools in this space as part of laying down the
computing environment, CPU, memory, storage, and networking, for your Kubernetes clusters.
You'll also need a subset of these to create and manage the Kubernetes clusters
themselves.
There are now over 5 CNCF projects in this space, more if you count projects like Cluster
API which don't appear on the landscape. There is also a very robust set of other open
source and vendor provided tools.