From 38f44389df040ff233ad4d47c4dbe1de4df08387 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 16 May 2025 02:03:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/77] refactor: improve readability and fix typos

---
 commitizen/bump.py      | 18 ++++++++++--------
 commitizen/changelog.py |  2 +-
 commitizen/cli.py       |  8 ++------
 commitizen/cz/utils.py  | 11 +++++------
 commitizen/defaults.py  |  6 +++---
 commitizen/tags.py      |  6 +-----
 tests/test_changelog.py |  2 +-
 7 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/bump.py b/commitizen/bump.py
index 76a8e15893..b8ae18ba64 100644
--- a/commitizen/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/bump.py
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def update_version_in_files(
     """
     # TODO: separate check step and write step
     updated = []
-    for path, regex in files_and_regexs(files, current_version):
+    for path, regex in _files_and_regexes(files, current_version):
         current_version_found, version_file = _bump_with_regex(
             path,
             current_version,
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def update_version_in_files(
     return updated
 
 
-def files_and_regexs(patterns: list[str], version: str) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+def _files_and_regexes(patterns: list[str], version: str) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
     """
     Resolve all distinct files with their regexp from a list of glob patterns with optional regexp
     """
@@ -128,13 +128,15 @@ def _bump_with_regex(
     pattern = re.compile(regex)
     with open(version_filepath, encoding=encoding) as f:
         for line in f:
-            if pattern.search(line):
-                bumped_line = line.replace(current_version, new_version)
-                if bumped_line != line:
-                    current_version_found = True
-                lines.append(bumped_line)
-            else:
+            if not pattern.search(line):
                 lines.append(line)
+                continue
+
+            bumped_line = line.replace(current_version, new_version)
+            if bumped_line != line:
+                current_version_found = True
+            lines.append(bumped_line)
+
     return current_version_found, "".join(lines)
 
 
diff --git a/commitizen/changelog.py b/commitizen/changelog.py
index 704efe6071..d8ab56069b 100644
--- a/commitizen/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/changelog.py
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ def process_commit_message(
 def order_changelog_tree(tree: Iterable, change_type_order: list[str]) -> Iterable:
     if len(set(change_type_order)) != len(change_type_order):
         raise InvalidConfigurationError(
-            f"Change types contain duplicates types ({change_type_order})"
+            f"Change types contain duplicated types ({change_type_order})"
         )
 
     sorted_tree = []
diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index cb834c5d6f..b566fc596d 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -636,14 +636,10 @@ def main():
         extra_args = " ".join(unknown_args[1:])
         arguments["extra_cli_args"] = extra_args
 
-    if args.config:
-        conf = config.read_cfg(args.config)
-    else:
-        conf = config.read_cfg()
-
+    conf = config.read_cfg(args.config)
     if args.name:
         conf.update({"name": args.name})
-    elif not args.name and not conf.path:
+    elif not conf.path:
         conf.update({"name": "cz_conventional_commits"})
 
     if args.debug:
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/utils.py b/commitizen/cz/utils.py
index 7bc89673c6..cb79d65d1a 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/utils.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/utils.py
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 from commitizen import git
 from commitizen.cz import exceptions
 
+_RE_LOCAL_VERSION = re.compile(r"\+.+")
+
 
 def required_validator(answer, msg=None):
     if not answer:
@@ -17,16 +19,13 @@ def multiple_line_breaker(answer, sep="|"):
 
 
 def strip_local_version(version: str) -> str:
-    return re.sub(r"\+.+", "", version)
+    return _RE_LOCAL_VERSION.sub("", version)
 
 
 def get_backup_file_path() -> str:
     project_root = git.find_git_project_root()
-
-    if project_root is None:
-        project = ""
-    else:
-        project = project_root.as_posix().replace("/", "%")
+    project = project_root.as_posix().replace("/", "%") if project_root else ""
 
     user = os.environ.get("USER", "")
+
     return os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), f"cz.commit%{user}%{project}.backup")
diff --git a/commitizen/defaults.py b/commitizen/defaults.py
index 0b6c28e6a9..1885848618 100644
--- a/commitizen/defaults.py
+++ b/commitizen/defaults.py
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class Settings(TypedDict, total=False):
 def get_tag_regexes(
     version_regex: str,
 ) -> dict[str, str]:
-    regexs = {
+    regexes = {
         "version": version_regex,
         "major": r"(?P<major>\d+)",
         "minor": r"(?P<minor>\d+)",
@@ -150,6 +150,6 @@ def get_tag_regexes(
         "devrelease": r"(?P<devrelease>\.dev\d+)?",
     }
     return {
-        **{f"${k}": v for k, v in regexs.items()},
-        **{f"${{{k}}}": v for k, v in regexs.items()},
+        **{f"${k}": v for k, v in regexes.items()},
+        **{f"${{{k}}}": v for k, v in regexes.items()},
     }
diff --git a/commitizen/tags.py b/commitizen/tags.py
index 2b9a4b091a..c5f06884fe 100644
--- a/commitizen/tags.py
+++ b/commitizen/tags.py
@@ -174,11 +174,7 @@ def include_in_changelog(self, tag: GitTag) -> bool:
             version = self.extract_version(tag)
         except InvalidVersion:
             return False
-
-        if self.merge_prereleases and version.is_prerelease:
-            return False
-
-        return True
+        return not (self.merge_prereleases and version.is_prerelease)
 
     def search_version(self, text: str, last: bool = False) -> VersionTag | None:
         """
diff --git a/tests/test_changelog.py b/tests/test_changelog.py
index b1c7c802e1..511cd1a3df 100644
--- a/tests/test_changelog.py
+++ b/tests/test_changelog.py
@@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ def test_order_changelog_tree_raises():
     with pytest.raises(InvalidConfigurationError) as excinfo:
         changelog.order_changelog_tree(COMMITS_TREE, change_type_order)
 
-    assert "Change types contain duplicates types" in str(excinfo)
+    assert "Change types contain duplicated types" in str(excinfo)
 
 
 def test_render_changelog(

From 529a6d3e75315689b05cb1fe32987db0812b6664 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 23:26:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/77] refactor(version_scheme): cleanup

---
 commitizen/version_schemes.py | 94 +++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/version_schemes.py b/commitizen/version_schemes.py
index 84ded9316e..d5370b2c6c 100644
--- a/commitizen/version_schemes.py
+++ b/commitizen/version_schemes.py
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@
 
 Increment: TypeAlias = Literal["MAJOR", "MINOR", "PATCH"]
 Prerelease: TypeAlias = Literal["alpha", "beta", "rc"]
-DEFAULT_VERSION_PARSER = r"v?(?P<version>([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))?(?:-([0-9A-Za-z-]+(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z-]+)*))?(?:\+[0-9A-Za-z.]+)?(\w+)?)"
+_DEFAULT_VERSION_PARSER = re.compile(
+    r"v?(?P<version>([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))?(?:-([0-9A-Za-z-]+(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z-]+)*))?(?:\+[0-9A-Za-z.]+)?(\w+)?)"
+)
 
 
 @runtime_checkable
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ class BaseVersion(_BaseVersion):
     A base class implementing the `VersionProtocol` for PEP440-like versions.
     """
 
-    parser: ClassVar[re.Pattern] = re.compile(DEFAULT_VERSION_PARSER)
+    parser: ClassVar[re.Pattern] = _DEFAULT_VERSION_PARSER
     """Regex capturing this version scheme into a `version` group"""
 
     @property
@@ -265,39 +267,35 @@ def bump(
         if self.local and is_local_version:
             local_version = self.scheme(self.local).bump(increment)
             return self.scheme(f"{self.public}+{local_version}")  # type: ignore
-        else:
-            if not self.is_prerelease:
-                base = self.increment_base(increment)
-            elif exact_increment:
-                base = self.increment_base(increment)
-            else:
-                base = f"{self.major}.{self.minor}.{self.micro}"
-                if increment == PATCH:
-                    pass
-                elif increment == MINOR:
-                    if self.micro != 0:
-                        base = self.increment_base(increment)
-                elif increment == MAJOR:
-                    if self.minor != 0 or self.micro != 0:
-                        base = self.increment_base(increment)
-            dev_version = self.generate_devrelease(devrelease)
-
-            release = list(self.release)
-            if len(release) < 3:
-                release += [0] * (3 - len(release))
-            current_base = ".".join(str(part) for part in release)
-            if base == current_base:
-                pre_version = self.generate_prerelease(
-                    prerelease, offset=prerelease_offset
-                )
-            else:
-                base_version = cast(BaseVersion, self.scheme(base))
-                pre_version = base_version.generate_prerelease(
-                    prerelease, offset=prerelease_offset
-                )
-            build_metadata = self.generate_build_metadata(build_metadata)
-            # TODO: post version
-            return self.scheme(f"{base}{pre_version}{dev_version}{build_metadata}")  # type: ignore
+
+        base = self._get_increment_base(increment, exact_increment)
+        dev_version = self.generate_devrelease(devrelease)
+
+        release = list(self.release)
+        if len(release) < 3:
+            release += [0] * (3 - len(release))
+        current_base = ".".join(str(part) for part in release)
+
+        pre_version = (
+            self if base == current_base else cast(BaseVersion, self.scheme(base))
+        ).generate_prerelease(prerelease, offset=prerelease_offset)
+
+        # TODO: post version
+        return self.scheme(
+            f"{base}{pre_version}{dev_version}{self.generate_build_metadata(build_metadata)}"
+        )  # type: ignore
+
+    def _get_increment_base(
+        self, increment: Increment | None, exact_increment: bool
+    ) -> str:
+        if (
+            not self.is_prerelease
+            or exact_increment
+            or (increment == MINOR and self.micro != 0)
+            or (increment == MAJOR and (self.minor != 0 or self.micro != 0))
+        ):
+            return self.increment_base(increment)
+        return f"{self.major}.{self.minor}.{self.micro}"
 
 
 class Pep440(BaseVersion):
@@ -316,7 +314,7 @@ class SemVer(BaseVersion):
     """
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
-        parts = []
+        parts: list[str] = []
 
         # Epoch
         if self.epoch != 0:
@@ -364,7 +362,7 @@ def prerelease(self) -> str | None:
         return None
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
-        parts = []
+        parts: list[str] = []
 
         # Epoch
         if self.epoch != 0:
@@ -373,9 +371,19 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
         # Release segment
         parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self.release))
 
+        if prerelease := self._get_prerelease():
+            parts.append(f"-{prerelease}")
+
+        # Local version segment
+        if self.local:
+            parts.append(f"+{self.local}")
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    def _get_prerelease(self) -> str:
         # Pre-release identifiers
         # See: https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html#spec-item-9
-        prerelease_parts = []
+        prerelease_parts: list[str] = []
         if self.prerelease:
             prerelease_parts.append(f"{self.prerelease}")
 
@@ -387,15 +395,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
         if self.dev is not None:
             prerelease_parts.append(f"dev.{self.dev}")
 
-        if prerelease_parts:
-            parts.append("-")
-            parts.append(".".join(prerelease_parts))
-
-        # Local version segment
-        if self.local:
-            parts.append(f"+{self.local}")
-
-        return "".join(parts)
+        return ".".join(prerelease_parts)
 
 
 DEFAULT_SCHEME: VersionScheme = Pep440

From db885e74e71cf883af376819f33782e5fdb76e62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 19:05:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/77] refactor(commit): simplify call

---
 commitizen/commands/commit.py | 64 +++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/commit.py b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
index cb34c41a50..eedf77e079 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/commit.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
@@ -92,41 +92,36 @@ def manual_edit(self, message: str) -> str:
         os.unlink(file.name)
         return message
 
-    def __call__(self):
-        extra_args: str = self.arguments.get("extra_cli_args", "")
+    def _get_message(self) -> str:
+        if self.arguments.get("retry"):
+            m = self.read_backup_message()
+            if m is None:
+                raise NoCommitBackupError()
+            return m
 
-        allow_empty: bool = "--allow-empty" in extra_args
+        if self.config.settings.get("retry_after_failure") and not self.arguments.get(
+            "no_retry"
+        ):
+            return self.read_backup_message() or self.prompt_commit_questions()
+        return self.prompt_commit_questions()
 
+    def __call__(self):
+        extra_args: str = self.arguments.get("extra_cli_args", "")
         dry_run: bool = self.arguments.get("dry_run")
         write_message_to_file: bool = self.arguments.get("write_message_to_file")
-        manual_edit: bool = self.arguments.get("edit")
+        signoff: bool = self.arguments.get("signoff")
 
-        is_all: bool = self.arguments.get("all")
-        if is_all:
-            c = git.add("-u")
+        if self.arguments.get("all"):
+            git.add("-u")
 
-        if git.is_staging_clean() and not (dry_run or allow_empty):
+        if git.is_staging_clean() and not (dry_run or "--allow-empty" in extra_args):
             raise NothingToCommitError("No files added to staging!")
 
         if write_message_to_file is not None and write_message_to_file.is_dir():
             raise NotAllowed(f"{write_message_to_file} is a directory")
 
-        retry: bool = self.arguments.get("retry")
-        no_retry: bool = self.arguments.get("no_retry")
-        retry_after_failure: bool = self.config.settings.get("retry_after_failure")
-
-        if retry:
-            m = self.read_backup_message()
-            if m is None:
-                raise NoCommitBackupError()
-        elif retry_after_failure and not no_retry:
-            m = self.read_backup_message()
-            if m is None:
-                m = self.prompt_commit_questions()
-        else:
-            m = self.prompt_commit_questions()
-
-        if manual_edit:
+        m = self._get_message()
+        if self.arguments.get("edit"):
             m = self.manual_edit(m)
 
         out.info(f"\n{m}\n")
@@ -138,19 +133,15 @@ def __call__(self):
         if dry_run:
             raise DryRunExit()
 
-        always_signoff: bool = self.config.settings["always_signoff"]
-        signoff: bool = self.arguments.get("signoff")
-
         if signoff:
             out.warn(
                 "signoff mechanic is deprecated, please use `cz commit -- -s` instead."
             )
 
-        if always_signoff or signoff:
+        if self.config.settings["always_signoff"] or signoff:
             extra_args = f"{extra_args} -s".strip()
 
         c = git.commit(m, args=extra_args)
-
         if c.return_code != 0:
             out.error(c.err)
 
@@ -160,11 +151,12 @@ def __call__(self):
 
             raise CommitError()
 
-        if "nothing added" in c.out or "no changes added to commit" in c.out:
+        if any(s in c.out for s in ("nothing added", "no changes added to commit")):
             out.error(c.out)
-        else:
-            with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
-                os.remove(self.temp_file)
-            out.write(c.err)
-            out.write(c.out)
-            out.success("Commit successful!")
+            return
+
+        with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+            os.remove(self.temp_file)
+        out.write(c.err)
+        out.write(c.out)
+        out.success("Commit successful!")

From 292e7b99fadde0fe3756994fe44888e75cff4229 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 19:43:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/77] test(commit): when nothing is added to commit

---
 tests/commands/test_commit_command.py | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/commands/test_commit_command.py b/tests/commands/test_commit_command.py
index 3a92f5af48..930e1a7a9b 100644
--- a/tests/commands/test_commit_command.py
+++ b/tests/commands/test_commit_command.py
@@ -523,3 +523,34 @@ def test_commit_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option(
 
     out, _ = capsys.readouterr()
     file_regression.check(out, extension=".txt")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("staging_is_clean")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "out", ["no changes added to commit", "nothing added to commit"]
+)
+def test_commit_when_nothing_added_to_commit(config, mocker: MockFixture, out):
+    prompt_mock = mocker.patch("questionary.prompt")
+    prompt_mock.return_value = {
+        "prefix": "feat",
+        "subject": "user created",
+        "scope": "",
+        "is_breaking_change": False,
+        "body": "",
+        "footer": "",
+    }
+
+    commit_mock = mocker.patch("commitizen.git.commit")
+    commit_mock.return_value = cmd.Command(
+        out=out,
+        err="",
+        stdout=out.encode(),
+        stderr=b"",
+        return_code=0,
+    )
+    error_mock = mocker.patch("commitizen.out.error")
+
+    commands.Commit(config, {})()
+
+    commit_mock.assert_called_once()
+    error_mock.assert_called_once_with(out)

From e8c7b0eba90490b89e0c21d3bec6cab80df1ee70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 16 May 2025 02:18:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/77] refactor(git): code cleanup and better test coverage

---
 commitizen/git.py | 133 +++++++++++++++-------------------------------
 tests/test_git.py |  32 ++++++-----
 2 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index 19ca46b6c3..d0cc901a61 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -1,34 +1,14 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
-from enum import Enum
-from os import linesep
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
 
 from commitizen import cmd, out
 from commitizen.exceptions import GitCommandError
 
-UNIX_EOL = "\n"
-WINDOWS_EOL = "\r\n"
-
-
-class EOLTypes(Enum):
-    """The EOL type from `git config core.eol`."""
-
-    LF = "lf"
-    CRLF = "crlf"
-    NATIVE = "native"
-
-    def get_eol_for_open(self) -> str:
-        """Get the EOL character for `open()`."""
-        map = {
-            EOLTypes.CRLF: WINDOWS_EOL,
-            EOLTypes.LF: UNIX_EOL,
-            EOLTypes.NATIVE: linesep,
-        }
-
-        return map[self]
+_UNIX_EOL = "\n"
+_WINDOWS_EOL = "\r\n"
 
 
 class GitObject:
@@ -37,9 +17,7 @@ class GitObject:
     date: str
 
     def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
-        if not hasattr(other, "rev"):
-            return False
-        return self.rev == other.rev  # type: ignore
+        return hasattr(other, "rev") and self.rev == other.rev
 
 
 class GitCommit(GitObject):
@@ -63,6 +41,20 @@ def __init__(
     def message(self):
         return f"{self.title}\n\n{self.body}".strip()
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_rev_and_commit(cls, rev_and_commit: str) -> GitCommit:
+        rev, parents, title, author, author_email, *body_list = rev_and_commit.split(
+            "\n"
+        )
+        return cls(
+            rev=rev.strip(),
+            title=title.strip(),
+            body="\n".join(body_list).strip(),
+            author=author,
+            author_email=author_email,
+            parents=[p for p in parents.strip().split(" ") if p],
+        )
+
     def __repr__(self):
         return f"{self.title} ({self.rev})"
 
@@ -101,13 +93,11 @@ def tag(
     # according to https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging,
     # we're not able to create lightweight tag with message.
     # by adding message, we make it a annotated tags
-    c = cmd.run(f'git tag {_opt} "{tag if _opt == "" or msg is None else msg}"')
-    return c
+    return cmd.run(f'git tag {_opt} "{tag if _opt == "" or msg is None else msg}"')
 
 
 def add(*args: str) -> cmd.Command:
-    c = cmd.run(f"git add {' '.join(args)}")
-    return c
+    return cmd.run(f"git add {' '.join(args)}")
 
 
 def commit(
@@ -140,24 +130,10 @@ def get_commits(
 ) -> list[GitCommit]:
     """Get the commits between start and end."""
     git_log_entries = _get_log_as_str_list(start, end, args)
-    git_commits = []
-    for rev_and_commit in git_log_entries:
-        if not rev_and_commit:
-            continue
-        rev, parents, title, author, author_email, *body_list = rev_and_commit.split(
-            "\n"
-        )
-        if rev_and_commit:
-            git_commit = GitCommit(
-                rev=rev.strip(),
-                title=title.strip(),
-                body="\n".join(body_list).strip(),
-                author=author,
-                author_email=author_email,
-                parents=[p for p in parents.strip().split(" ") if p],
-            )
-            git_commits.append(git_commit)
-    return git_commits
+    return [
+        GitCommit.from_rev_and_commit(rev_and_commit)
+        for rev_and_commit in filter(None, git_log_entries)
+    ]
 
 
 def get_filenames_in_commit(git_reference: str = ""):
@@ -170,8 +146,7 @@ def get_filenames_in_commit(git_reference: str = ""):
     c = cmd.run(f"git show --name-only --pretty=format: {git_reference}")
     if c.return_code == 0:
         return c.out.strip().split("\n")
-    else:
-        raise GitCommandError(c.err)
+    raise GitCommandError(c.err)
 
 
 def get_tags(
@@ -197,16 +172,11 @@ def get_tags(
     if c.err:
         out.warn(f"Attempting to proceed after: {c.err}")
 
-    if not c.out:
-        return []
-
-    git_tags = [
+    return [
         GitTag.from_line(line=line, inner_delimiter=inner_delimiter)
         for line in c.out.split("\n")[:-1]
     ]
 
-    return git_tags
-
 
 def tag_exist(tag: str) -> bool:
     c = cmd.run(f"git tag --list {tag}")
@@ -231,18 +201,18 @@ def get_tag_message(tag: str) -> str | None:
     return c.out.strip()
 
 
-def get_tag_names() -> list[str | None]:
+def get_tag_names() -> list[str]:
     c = cmd.run("git tag --list")
     if c.err:
         return []
-    return [tag.strip() for tag in c.out.split("\n") if tag.strip()]
+    return list(filter(None, (tag.strip() for tag in c.out.split("\n"))))
 
 
 def find_git_project_root() -> Path | None:
     c = cmd.run("git rev-parse --show-toplevel")
-    if not c.err:
-        return Path(c.out.strip())
-    return None
+    if c.err:
+        return None
+    return Path(c.out.strip())
 
 
 def is_staging_clean() -> bool:
@@ -253,32 +223,19 @@ def is_staging_clean() -> bool:
 
 def is_git_project() -> bool:
     c = cmd.run("git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree")
-    if c.out.strip() == "true":
-        return True
-    return False
+    return c.out.strip() == "true"
 
 
-def get_eol_style() -> EOLTypes:
+def get_eol_for_open() -> str:
+    # See: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-coreeol
     c = cmd.run("git config core.eol")
     eol = c.out.strip().lower()
 
-    # We enumerate the EOL types of the response of
-    # `git config core.eol`, and map it to our enumration EOLTypes.
-    #
-    # It is just like the variant of the "match" syntax.
-    map = {
-        "lf": EOLTypes.LF,
-        "crlf": EOLTypes.CRLF,
-        "native": EOLTypes.NATIVE,
-    }
-
-    # If the response of `git config core.eol` is in the map:
-    if eol in map:
-        return map[eol]
-    else:
-        # The default value is "native".
-        # https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-coreeol
-        return map["native"]
+    if eol == "lf":
+        return _UNIX_EOL
+    if eol == "crlf":
+        return _WINDOWS_EOL
+    return os.linesep
 
 
 def get_core_editor() -> str | None:
@@ -288,22 +245,18 @@ def get_core_editor() -> str | None:
     return None
 
 
-def smart_open(*args, **kargs):
+def smart_open(*args, **kwargs):
     """Open a file with the EOL style determined from Git."""
-    return open(*args, newline=get_eol_style().get_eol_for_open(), **kargs)
+    return open(*args, newline=get_eol_for_open(), **kwargs)
 
 
 def _get_log_as_str_list(start: str | None, end: str, args: str) -> list[str]:
     """Get string representation of each log entry"""
     delimiter = "----------commit-delimiter----------"
     log_format: str = "%H%n%P%n%s%n%an%n%ae%n%b"
-    git_log_cmd = (
-        f"git -c log.showSignature=False log --pretty={log_format}{delimiter} {args}"
-    )
-    if start:
-        command = f"{git_log_cmd} {start}..{end}"
-    else:
-        command = f"{git_log_cmd} {end}"
+    command_range = f"{start}..{end}" if start else end
+    command = f"git -c log.showSignature=False log --pretty={log_format}{delimiter} {args} {command_range}"
+
     c = cmd.run(command)
     if c.return_code != 0:
         raise GitCommandError(c.err)
diff --git a/tests/test_git.py b/tests/test_git.py
index 8b2fc2b86e..4e4b61ffe2 100644
--- a/tests/test_git.py
+++ b/tests/test_git.py
@@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ def test_get_reachable_tags_with_commits(
     monkeypatch.setenv("LANGUAGE", f"{locale}.UTF-8")
     monkeypatch.setenv("LC_ALL", f"{locale}.UTF-8")
     with tmp_commitizen_project.as_cwd():
-        tags = git.get_tags(reachable_only=True)
-        assert tags == []
+        assert git.get_tags(reachable_only=True) == []
 
 
 def test_get_tag_names(mocker: MockFixture):
@@ -271,7 +270,7 @@ def test_get_commits_with_signature():
 def test_get_tag_names_has_correct_arrow_annotation():
     arrow_annotation = inspect.getfullargspec(git.get_tag_names).annotations["return"]
 
-    assert arrow_annotation == "list[str | None]"
+    assert arrow_annotation == "list[str]"
 
 
 def test_get_latest_tag_name(tmp_commitizen_project):
@@ -317,24 +316,18 @@ def test_is_staging_clean_when_updating_file(tmp_commitizen_project):
         assert git.is_staging_clean() is False
 
 
-def test_git_eol_style(tmp_commitizen_project):
+def test_get_eol_for_open(tmp_commitizen_project):
     with tmp_commitizen_project.as_cwd():
-        assert git.get_eol_style() == git.EOLTypes.NATIVE
+        assert git.get_eol_for_open() == os.linesep
 
         cmd.run("git config core.eol lf")
-        assert git.get_eol_style() == git.EOLTypes.LF
+        assert git.get_eol_for_open() == "\n"
 
         cmd.run("git config core.eol crlf")
-        assert git.get_eol_style() == git.EOLTypes.CRLF
+        assert git.get_eol_for_open() == "\r\n"
 
         cmd.run("git config core.eol native")
-        assert git.get_eol_style() == git.EOLTypes.NATIVE
-
-
-def test_eoltypes_get_eol_for_open():
-    assert git.EOLTypes.get_eol_for_open(git.EOLTypes.NATIVE) == os.linesep
-    assert git.EOLTypes.get_eol_for_open(git.EOLTypes.LF) == "\n"
-    assert git.EOLTypes.get_eol_for_open(git.EOLTypes.CRLF) == "\r\n"
+        assert git.get_eol_for_open() == os.linesep
 
 
 def test_get_core_editor(mocker):
@@ -401,3 +394,14 @@ def test_commit_with_spaces_in_path(mocker, file_path, expected_cmd):
 
     mock_run.assert_called_once_with(expected_cmd)
     mock_unlink.assert_called_once_with(file_path)
+
+
+def test_get_filenames_in_commit_error(mocker: MockFixture):
+    """Test that GitCommandError is raised when git command fails."""
+    mocker.patch(
+        "commitizen.cmd.run",
+        return_value=FakeCommand(out="", err="fatal: bad object HEAD", return_code=1),
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(exceptions.GitCommandError) as excinfo:
+        git.get_filenames_in_commit()
+    assert str(excinfo.value) == "fatal: bad object HEAD"

From 62183c742d1f99664b78404af3e1ae44b23b4e73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 16:04:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/77] test(git): add test for from_rev_and_commit

---
 tests/test_git.py | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/test_git.py b/tests/test_git.py
index 4e4b61ffe2..cb4ea93375 100644
--- a/tests/test_git.py
+++ b/tests/test_git.py
@@ -405,3 +405,47 @@ def test_get_filenames_in_commit_error(mocker: MockFixture):
     with pytest.raises(exceptions.GitCommandError) as excinfo:
         git.get_filenames_in_commit()
     assert str(excinfo.value) == "fatal: bad object HEAD"
+
+
+def test_git_commit_from_rev_and_commit():
+    # Test data with all fields populated
+    rev_and_commit = (
+        "abc123\n"  # rev
+        "def456 ghi789\n"  # parents
+        "feat: add new feature\n"  # title
+        "John Doe\n"  # author
+        "john@example.com\n"  # author_email
+        "This is a detailed description\n"  # body
+        "of the new feature\n"
+        "with multiple lines"
+    )
+
+    commit = git.GitCommit.from_rev_and_commit(rev_and_commit)
+
+    assert commit.rev == "abc123"
+    assert commit.title == "feat: add new feature"
+    assert (
+        commit.body
+        == "This is a detailed description\nof the new feature\nwith multiple lines"
+    )
+    assert commit.author == "John Doe"
+    assert commit.author_email == "john@example.com"
+    assert commit.parents == ["def456", "ghi789"]
+
+    # Test with minimal data
+    minimal_commit = (
+        "abc123\n"  # rev
+        "\n"  # no parents
+        "feat: minimal commit\n"  # title
+        "John Doe\n"  # author
+        "john@example.com\n"  # author_email
+    )
+
+    commit = git.GitCommit.from_rev_and_commit(minimal_commit)
+
+    assert commit.rev == "abc123"
+    assert commit.title == "feat: minimal commit"
+    assert commit.body == ""
+    assert commit.author == "John Doe"
+    assert commit.author_email == "john@example.com"
+    assert commit.parents == []

From c10a95a056cd577cd7a156390ae620e4cfde7c4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 16:04:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/77] docs(git): from_rev_and_commit docstring

---
 commitizen/git.py | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+)

diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index d0cc901a61..d80545bc44 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -43,6 +43,48 @@ def message(self):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_rev_and_commit(cls, rev_and_commit: str) -> GitCommit:
+        """Create a GitCommit instance from a formatted commit string.
+
+        This method parses a multi-line string containing commit information in the following format:
+        ```
+        <rev>
+        <parents>
+        <title>
+        <author>
+        <author_email>
+        <body_line_1>
+        <body_line_2>
+        ...
+        ```
+
+        Args:
+            rev_and_commit (str): A string containing commit information with fields separated by newlines.
+                - rev: The commit hash/revision
+                - parents: Space-separated list of parent commit hashes
+                - title: The commit title/message
+                - author: The commit author's name
+                - author_email: The commit author's email
+                - body: Optional multi-line commit body
+
+        Returns:
+            GitCommit: A new GitCommit instance with the parsed information.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> commit_str = '''abc123
+            ... def456 ghi789
+            ... feat: add new feature
+            ... John Doe
+            ... john@example.com
+            ... This is a detailed description
+            ... of the new feature'''
+            >>> commit = GitCommit.from_rev_and_commit(commit_str)
+            >>> commit.rev
+            'abc123'
+            >>> commit.title
+            'feat: add new feature'
+            >>> commit.parents
+            ['def456', 'ghi789']
+        """
         rev, parents, title, author, author_email, *body_list = rev_and_commit.split(
             "\n"
         )

From 86323d74d94f8e061b0ebf39e033639f4cacffc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 May 2025 19:11:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/77] refactor(EOLType): add eol enum back and reorganize
 methods

---
 commitizen/git.py | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 tests/test_git.py |  8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index d80545bc44..ef4e0452e3 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -1,14 +1,44 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
 
 from commitizen import cmd, out
 from commitizen.exceptions import GitCommandError
 
-_UNIX_EOL = "\n"
-_WINDOWS_EOL = "\r\n"
+
+class EOLType(Enum):
+    """The EOL type from `git config core.eol`."""
+
+    LF = "lf"
+    CRLF = "crlf"
+    NATIVE = "native"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def for_open(cls) -> str:
+        c = cmd.run("git config core.eol")
+        eol = c.out.strip().upper()
+        return cls._char_for_open()[cls._safe_cast(eol)]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _safe_cast(cls, eol: str) -> EOLType:
+        try:
+            return cls[eol]
+        except KeyError:
+            return cls.NATIVE
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache
+    def _char_for_open(cls) -> dict[EOLType, str]:
+        """Get the EOL character for `open()`."""
+        return {
+            cls.LF: "\n",
+            cls.CRLF: "\r\n",
+            cls.NATIVE: os.linesep,
+        }
 
 
 class GitObject:
@@ -268,18 +298,6 @@ def is_git_project() -> bool:
     return c.out.strip() == "true"
 
 
-def get_eol_for_open() -> str:
-    # See: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-coreeol
-    c = cmd.run("git config core.eol")
-    eol = c.out.strip().lower()
-
-    if eol == "lf":
-        return _UNIX_EOL
-    if eol == "crlf":
-        return _WINDOWS_EOL
-    return os.linesep
-
-
 def get_core_editor() -> str | None:
     c = cmd.run("git var GIT_EDITOR")
     if c.out:
@@ -289,7 +307,7 @@ def get_core_editor() -> str | None:
 
 def smart_open(*args, **kwargs):
     """Open a file with the EOL style determined from Git."""
-    return open(*args, newline=get_eol_for_open(), **kwargs)
+    return open(*args, newline=EOLType.for_open(), **kwargs)
 
 
 def _get_log_as_str_list(start: str | None, end: str, args: str) -> list[str]:
diff --git a/tests/test_git.py b/tests/test_git.py
index cb4ea93375..de3130412b 100644
--- a/tests/test_git.py
+++ b/tests/test_git.py
@@ -318,16 +318,16 @@ def test_is_staging_clean_when_updating_file(tmp_commitizen_project):
 
 def test_get_eol_for_open(tmp_commitizen_project):
     with tmp_commitizen_project.as_cwd():
-        assert git.get_eol_for_open() == os.linesep
+        assert git.EOLType.for_open() == os.linesep
 
         cmd.run("git config core.eol lf")
-        assert git.get_eol_for_open() == "\n"
+        assert git.EOLType.for_open() == "\n"
 
         cmd.run("git config core.eol crlf")
-        assert git.get_eol_for_open() == "\r\n"
+        assert git.EOLType.for_open() == "\r\n"
 
         cmd.run("git config core.eol native")
-        assert git.get_eol_for_open() == os.linesep
+        assert git.EOLType.for_open() == os.linesep
 
 
 def test_get_core_editor(mocker):

From bdc82aefa37d8c3aa736a966fd70dd803b9287ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 May 2025 19:26:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/77] refactor(git): refactor get_tag_names

---
 commitizen/git.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index ef4e0452e3..fa59e34d48 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ def get_tag_names() -> list[str]:
     c = cmd.run("git tag --list")
     if c.err:
         return []
-    return list(filter(None, (tag.strip() for tag in c.out.split("\n"))))
+    return [tag for raw in c.out.split("\n") if (tag := raw.strip())]
 
 
 def find_git_project_root() -> Path | None:

From d74e4fdbdf2dfbc5906b1eaa2547ff547f1fe23e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 20 May 2025 00:46:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/77] refactor(changelog): minor cleanup

---
 commitizen/commands/changelog.py | 45 ++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
index 0e4efabfa1..9ab8fdc37c 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 import os
 import os.path
+from collections.abc import Generator
 from difflib import SequenceMatcher
 from operator import itemgetter
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Callable, cast
 
 from commitizen import changelog, defaults, factory, git, out
 from commitizen.changelog_formats import get_changelog_format
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args):
         if not git.is_git_project():
             raise NotAGitProjectError()
 
-        self.config: BaseConfig = config
-        changelog_file_name = args.get("file_name") or cast(
-            str, self.config.settings.get("changelog_file")
+        self.config = config
+
+        changelog_file_name = args.get("file_name") or self.config.settings.get(
+            "changelog_file"
         )
         if not isinstance(changelog_file_name, str):
             raise NotAllowed(
@@ -114,28 +115,28 @@ def _find_incremental_rev(self, latest_version: str, tags: list[GitTag]) -> str:
         on our experience.
         """
         SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD = 0.89
-        tag_ratio = map(
-            lambda tag: (
-                SequenceMatcher(
+        scores_and_tag_names: Generator[tuple[float, str]] = (
+            (
+                score,
+                tag.name,
+            )
+            for tag in tags
+            if (
+                score := SequenceMatcher(
                     None, latest_version, strip_local_version(tag.name)
-                ).ratio(),
-                tag,
-            ),
-            tags,
+                ).ratio()
+            )
+            >= SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD
         )
         try:
-            score, tag = max(tag_ratio, key=itemgetter(0))
+            _, start_rev = max(scores_and_tag_names, key=itemgetter(0))
         except ValueError:
             raise NoRevisionError()
-        if score < SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD:
-            raise NoRevisionError()
-        start_rev = tag.name
         return start_rev
 
     def write_changelog(
         self, changelog_out: str, lines: list[str], changelog_meta: changelog.Metadata
     ):
-        changelog_hook: Callable | None = self.cz.changelog_hook
         with smart_open(self.file_name, "w", encoding=self.encoding) as changelog_file:
             partial_changelog: str | None = None
             if self.incremental:
@@ -145,8 +146,8 @@ def write_changelog(
                 changelog_out = "".join(new_lines)
                 partial_changelog = changelog_out
 
-            if changelog_hook:
-                changelog_out = changelog_hook(changelog_out, partial_changelog)
+            if self.cz.changelog_hook:
+                changelog_out = self.cz.changelog_hook(changelog_out, partial_changelog)
 
             changelog_file.write(changelog_out)
 
@@ -221,14 +222,12 @@ def __call__(self):
         extras.update(self.extras)
         changelog_out = changelog.render_changelog(
             tree, loader=self.cz.template_loader, template=self.template, **extras
-        )
-        changelog_out = changelog_out.lstrip("\n")
+        ).lstrip("\n")
 
         # Dry_run is executed here to avoid checking and reading the files
         if self.dry_run:
-            changelog_hook: Callable | None = self.cz.changelog_hook
-            if changelog_hook:
-                changelog_out = changelog_hook(changelog_out, "")
+            if self.cz.changelog_hook:
+                changelog_out = self.cz.changelog_hook(changelog_out, "")
             out.write(changelog_out)
             raise DryRunExit()
 

From 3cd3b350368395d4f31e6d13028445e2fc28dce9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 20 May 2025 21:23:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/77] refactor(BaseConfig): use setter

---
 commitizen/config/base_config.py    | 12 +++++++++---
 commitizen/config/json_config.py    |  2 +-
 commitizen/config/toml_config.py    |  2 +-
 commitizen/config/yaml_config.py    |  2 +-
 tests/commands/test_init_command.py |  2 +-
 tests/test_changelog.py             |  4 +++-
 6 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/config/base_config.py b/commitizen/config/base_config.py
index 478691aa14..fd034412fe 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/base_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/base_config.py
@@ -19,6 +19,15 @@ def settings(self) -> Settings:
     def path(self) -> Path | None:
         return self._path
 
+    @path.setter
+    def path(self, path: str | Path) -> None:
+        """
+        mypy does not like this until 1.16
+        See https://github.com/python/mypy/pull/18510
+        TODO: remove "type: ignore" from the call sites when 1.16 is available
+        """
+        self._path = Path(path)
+
     def set_key(self, key, value):
         """Set or update a key in the conf.
 
@@ -30,8 +39,5 @@ def set_key(self, key, value):
     def update(self, data: Settings) -> None:
         self._settings.update(data)
 
-    def add_path(self, path: str | Path) -> None:
-        self._path = Path(path)
-
     def _parse_setting(self, data: bytes | str) -> None:
         raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/commitizen/config/json_config.py b/commitizen/config/json_config.py
index b6a07f4ced..d413d73383 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/json_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/json_config.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class JsonConfig(BaseConfig):
     def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_empty_config = False
-        self.add_path(path)
+        self.path = path  # type: ignore
         self._parse_setting(data)
 
     def init_empty_config_content(self):
diff --git a/commitizen/config/toml_config.py b/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
index 813389cbcf..e2cfcc9340 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class TomlConfig(BaseConfig):
     def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_empty_config = False
-        self.add_path(path)
+        self.path = path  # type: ignore
         self._parse_setting(data)
 
     def init_empty_config_content(self):
diff --git a/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py b/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
index 2bb6fe3af8..c5721c8d4b 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class YAMLConfig(BaseConfig):
     def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_empty_config = False
-        self.add_path(path)
+        self.path = path  # type: ignore
         self._parse_setting(data)
 
     def init_empty_config_content(self):
diff --git a/tests/commands/test_init_command.py b/tests/commands/test_init_command.py
index f617c51d8f..3f12d0bd7f 100644
--- a/tests/commands/test_init_command.py
+++ b/tests/commands/test_init_command.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def test_init_without_setup_pre_commit_hook(tmpdir, mocker: MockFixture, config)
 def test_init_when_config_already_exists(config, capsys):
     # Set config path
     path = os.sep.join(["tests", "pyproject.toml"])
-    config.add_path(path)
+    config.path = path
 
     commands.Init(config)()
     captured = capsys.readouterr()
diff --git a/tests/test_changelog.py b/tests/test_changelog.py
index 511cd1a3df..d42176f09a 100644
--- a/tests/test_changelog.py
+++ b/tests/test_changelog.py
@@ -1639,7 +1639,9 @@ def test_tags_rules_get_version_tags(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture):
 
 def test_changelog_file_name_from_args_and_config():
     mock_config = Mock(spec=BaseConfig)
-    mock_config.path.parent = "/my/project"
+    mock_path = Mock(spec=Path)
+    mock_path.parent = Path("/my/project")
+    mock_config.path = mock_path
     mock_config.settings = {
         "name": "cz_conventional_commits",
         "changelog_file": "CHANGELOG.md",

From d620aaae4a4d4b7d063f1d3aa749bd32c747d278 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 20 May 2025 23:34:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/77] build(poetry): upgrade mypy version to ^1.15.0

---
 poetry.lock    | 1086 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 pyproject.toml |   14 +-
 2 files changed, 513 insertions(+), 587 deletions(-)

diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 64ec358bb3..ceccd3da1c 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -17,60 +17,76 @@ test = ["coverage", "mypy", "pexpect", "ruff", "wheel"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "asttokens"
-version = "2.4.1"
+version = "3.0.0"
 description = "Annotate AST trees with source code positions"
 optional = false
-python-versions = "*"
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["dev"]
 files = [
-    {file = "asttokens-2.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:051ed49c3dcae8913ea7cd08e46a606dba30b79993209636c4875bc1d637bc24"},
-    {file = "asttokens-2.4.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b03869718ba9a6eb027e134bfdf69f38a236d681c83c160d510768af11254ba0"},
+    {file = "asttokens-3.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e3078351a059199dd5138cb1c706e6430c05eff2ff136af5eb4790f9d28932e2"},
+    {file = "asttokens-3.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0dcd8baa8d62b0c1d118b399b2ddba3c4aff271d0d7a9e0d4c1681c79035bbc7"},
 ]
 
-[package.dependencies]
-six = ">=1.12.0"
-
 [package.extras]
-astroid = ["astroid (>=1,<2) ; python_version < \"3\"", "astroid (>=2,<4) ; python_version >= \"3\""]
-test = ["astroid (>=1,<2) ; python_version < \"3\"", "astroid (>=2,<4) ; python_version >= \"3\"", "pytest"]
+astroid = ["astroid (>=2,<4)"]
+test = ["astroid (>=2,<4)", "pytest", "pytest-cov", "pytest-xdist"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "babel"
-version = "2.16.0"
+version = "2.17.0"
 description = "Internationalization utilities"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["documentation"]
 files = [
-    {file = "babel-2.16.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:368b5b98b37c06b7daf6696391c3240c938b37767d4584413e8438c5c435fa8b"},
-    {file = "babel-2.16.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d1f3554ca26605fe173f3de0c65f750f5a42f924499bf134de6423582298e316"},
+    {file = "babel-2.17.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4d0b53093fdfb4b21c92b5213dba5a1b23885afa8383709427046b21c366e5f2"},
+    {file = "babel-2.17.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0c54cffb19f690cdcc52a3b50bcbf71e07a808d1c80d549f2459b9d2cf0afb9d"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+dev = ["backports.zoneinfo ; python_version < \"3.9\"", "freezegun (>=1.0,<2.0)", "jinja2 (>=3.0)", "pytest (>=6.0)", "pytest-cov", "pytz", "setuptools", "tzdata ; sys_platform == \"win32\""]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "backrefs"
+version = "5.8"
+description = "A wrapper around re and regex that adds additional back references."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["documentation"]
+files = [
+    {file = "backrefs-5.8-py310-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c67f6638a34a5b8730812f5101376f9d41dc38c43f1fdc35cb54700f6ed4465d"},
+    {file = "backrefs-5.8-py311-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2e1c15e4af0e12e45c8701bd5da0902d326b2e200cafcd25e49d9f06d44bb61b"},
+    {file = "backrefs-5.8-py312-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:bbef7169a33811080d67cdf1538c8289f76f0942ff971222a16034da88a73486"},
+    {file = "backrefs-5.8-py313-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e3a63b073867dbefd0536425f43db618578528e3896fb77be7141328642a1585"},
+    {file = "backrefs-5.8-py39-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a66851e4533fb5b371aa0628e1fee1af05135616b86140c9d787a2ffdf4b8fdc"},
+    {file = "backrefs-5.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2cab642a205ce966af3dd4b38ee36009b31fa9502a35fd61d59ccc116e40a6bd"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
-dev = ["freezegun (>=1.0,<2.0)", "pytest (>=6.0)", "pytest-cov"]
+extras = ["regex"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cachetools"
-version = "5.5.1"
+version = "6.0.0"
 description = "Extensible memoizing collections and decorators"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["dev"]
 files = [
-    {file = "cachetools-5.5.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b76651fdc3b24ead3c648bbdeeb940c1b04d365b38b4af66788f9ec4a81d42bb"},
-    {file = "cachetools-5.5.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:70f238fbba50383ef62e55c6aff6d9673175fe59f7c6782c7a0b9e38f4a9df95"},
+    {file = "cachetools-6.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:82e73ba88f7b30228b5507dce1a1f878498fc669d972aef2dde4f3a3c24f103e"},
+    {file = "cachetools-6.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f225782b84438f828328fc2ad74346522f27e5b1440f4e9fd18b20ebfd1aa2cf"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
-version = "2024.8.30"
+version = "2025.4.26"
 description = "Python package for providing Mozilla's CA Bundle."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 groups = ["documentation"]
 files = [
-    {file = "certifi-2024.8.30-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:922820b53db7a7257ffbda3f597266d435245903d80737e34f8a45ff3e3230d8"},
-    {file = "certifi-2024.8.30.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bec941d2aa8195e248a60b31ff9f0558284cf01a52591ceda73ea9afffd69fd9"},
+    {file = "certifi-2025.4.26-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:30350364dfe371162649852c63336a15c70c6510c2ad5015b21c2345311805f3"},
+    {file = "certifi-2025.4.26.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0a816057ea3cdefcef70270d2c515e4506bbc954f417fa5ade2021213bb8f0c6"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -99,116 +115,116 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "charset-normalizer"
-version = "3.4.1"
+version = "3.4.2"
 description = "The Real First Universal Charset Detector. Open, modern and actively maintained alternative to Chardet."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 groups = ["main", "documentation"]
 files = [
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-    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:7461baadb4dc00fd9e0acbe254e3d7d2112e7f92ced2adc96e54ef6501c5f176"},
-    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:e218488cd232553829be0664c2292d3af2eeeb94b32bea483cf79ac6a694e037"},
-    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:80ed5e856eb7f30115aaf94e4a08114ccc8813e6ed1b5efa74f9f82e8509858f"},
-    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:b010a7a4fd316c3c484d482922d13044979e78d1861f0e0650423144c616a46a"},
-    {file = "charset_normalizer-3.4.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:4532bff1b8421fd0a320463030c7520f56a79c9024a4e88f01c537316019005a"},
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 [package.dependencies]
@@ -306,26 +327,26 @@ toml = ["tomli ; python_full_version <= \"3.11.0a6\""]
 
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+version = "0.6.3"
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 [[package]]
 name = "decorator"
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+version = "5.2.1"
 description = "Decorators for Humans"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.5"
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
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 [[package]]
@@ -360,17 +381,20 @@ files = [
 
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+version = "1.3.0"
 description = "Backport of PEP 654 (exception groups)"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 groups = ["dev", "test"]
 markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""
 files = [
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-    {file = "exceptiongroup-1.2.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:47c2edf7c6738fafb49fd34290706d1a1a2f4d1c6df275526b62cbb4aa5393cc"},
+    {file = "exceptiongroup-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4d111e6e0c13d0644cad6ddaa7ed0261a0b36971f6d23e7ec9b4b9097da78a10"},
+    {file = "exceptiongroup-1.3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b241f5885f560bc56a59ee63ca4c6a8bfa46ae4ad651af316d4e81817bb9fd88"},
 ]
 
+[package.dependencies]
+typing-extensions = {version = ">=4.6.0", markers = "python_version < \"3.13\""}
+
 [package.extras]
 test = ["pytest (>=6)"]
 
@@ -391,14 +415,14 @@ testing = ["hatch", "pre-commit", "pytest", "tox"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "executing"
-version = "2.1.0"
+version = "2.2.0"
 description = "Get the currently executing AST node of a frame, and other information"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["dev"]
 files = [
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-    {file = "executing-2.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:8ea27ddd260da8150fa5a708269c4a10e76161e2496ec3e587da9e3c0fe4b9ab"},
+    {file = "executing-2.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:11387150cad388d62750327a53d3339fad4888b39a6fe233c3afbb54ecffd3aa"},
+    {file = "executing-2.2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5d108c028108fe2551d1a7b2e8b713341e2cb4fc0aa7dcf966fa4327a5226755"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -406,31 +430,31 @@ tests = ["asttokens (>=2.1.0)", "coverage", "coverage-enable-subprocess", "ipyth
 
 [[package]]
 name = "filelock"
-version = "3.16.1"
+version = "3.18.0"
 description = "A platform independent file lock."
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["dev", "linters"]
 files = [
-    {file = "filelock-3.16.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2082e5703d51fbf98ea75855d9d5527e33d8ff23099bec374a134febee6946b0"},
-    {file = "filelock-3.16.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c249fbfcd5db47e5e2d6d62198e565475ee65e4831e2561c8e313fa7eb961435"},
+    {file = "filelock-3.18.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c401f4f8377c4464e6db25fff06205fd89bdd83b65eb0488ed1b160f780e21de"},
+    {file = "filelock-3.18.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:adbc88eabb99d2fec8c9c1b229b171f18afa655400173ddc653d5d01501fb9f2"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
-docs = ["furo (>=2024.8.6)", "sphinx (>=8.0.2)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=2.4.1)"]
-testing = ["covdefaults (>=2.3)", "coverage (>=7.6.1)", "diff-cover (>=9.2)", "pytest (>=8.3.3)", "pytest-asyncio (>=0.24)", "pytest-cov (>=5)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)", "pytest-timeout (>=2.3.1)", "virtualenv (>=20.26.4)"]
+docs = ["furo (>=2024.8.6)", "sphinx (>=8.1.3)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=3)"]
+testing = ["covdefaults (>=2.3)", "coverage (>=7.6.10)", "diff-cover (>=9.2.1)", "pytest (>=8.3.4)", "pytest-asyncio (>=0.25.2)", "pytest-cov (>=6)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)", "pytest-timeout (>=2.3.1)", "virtualenv (>=20.28.1)"]
 typing = ["typing-extensions (>=4.12.2) ; python_version < \"3.11\""]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "freezegun"
-version = "1.5.1"
+version = "1.5.2"
 description = "Let your Python tests travel through time"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["test"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "freezegun-1.5.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:5aaf3ba229cda57afab5bd311f0108d86b6fb119ae89d2cd9c43ec8c1733c85b"},
+    {file = "freezegun-1.5.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a54ae1d2f9c02dbf42e02c18a3ab95ab4295818b549a34dac55592d72a905181"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -456,14 +480,14 @@ dev = ["flake8", "markdown", "twine", "wheel"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "identify"
-version = "2.6.3"
+version = "2.6.12"
 description = "File identification library for Python"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["linters"]
 files = [
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-    {file = "identify-2.6.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:62f5dae9b5fef52c84cc188514e9ea4f3f636b1d8799ab5ebc475471f9e47a02"},
+    {file = "identify-2.6.12-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ad9672d5a72e0d2ff7c5c8809b62dfa60458626352fb0eb7b55e69bdc45334a2"},
+    {file = "identify-2.6.12.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d8de45749f1efb108badef65ee8386f0f7bb19a7f26185f74de6367bffbaf0e6"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -486,15 +510,15 @@ all = ["flake8 (>=7.1.1)", "mypy (>=1.11.2)", "pytest (>=8.3.2)", "ruff (>=0.6.2
 
 [[package]]
 name = "importlib-metadata"
-version = "8.6.1"
+version = "8.7.0"
 description = "Read metadata from Python packages"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main", "documentation"]
 markers = "python_version == \"3.9\""
 files = [
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-    {file = "importlib_metadata-8.6.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:310b41d755445d74569f993ccfc22838295d9fe005425094fad953d7f15c8580"},
+    {file = "importlib_metadata-8.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e5dd1551894c77868a30651cef00984d50e1002d06942a7101d34870c5f02afd"},
+    {file = "importlib_metadata-8.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d13b81ad223b890aa16c5471f2ac3056cf76c5f10f82d6f9292f0b415f389000"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -511,14 +535,14 @@ type = ["pytest-mypy"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "iniconfig"
-version = "2.0.0"
+version = "2.1.0"
 description = "brain-dead simple config-ini parsing"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["test"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "iniconfig-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9deba5723312380e77435581c6bf4935c94cbfab9b1ed33ef8d238ea168eb760"},
+    {file = "iniconfig-2.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3abbd2e30b36733fee78f9c7f7308f2d0050e88f0087fd25c2645f63c773e1c7"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -581,14 +605,14 @@ testing = ["Django", "attrs", "colorama", "docopt", "pytest (<9.0.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "jinja2"
-version = "3.1.5"
+version = "3.1.6"
 description = "A very fast and expressive template engine."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 groups = ["main", "documentation"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "jinja2-3.1.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:85ece4451f492d0c13c5dd7c13a64681a86afae63a5f347908daf103ce6d2f67"},
+    {file = "jinja2-3.1.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0137fb05990d35f1275a587e9aee6d56da821fc83491a0fb838183be43f66d6d"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -599,21 +623,21 @@ i18n = ["Babel (>=2.7)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "markdown"
-version = "3.7"
+version = "3.8"
 description = "Python implementation of John Gruber's Markdown."
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["documentation"]
 files = [
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-    {file = "markdown-3.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2ae2471477cfd02dbbf038d5d9bc226d40def84b4fe2986e49b59b6b472bbed2"},
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+    {file = "markdown-3.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7df81e63f0df5c4b24b7d156eb81e4690595239b7d70937d0409f1b0de319c6f"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 importlib-metadata = {version = ">=4.4", markers = "python_version < \"3.10\""}
 
 [package.extras]
-docs = ["mdx-gh-links (>=0.2)", "mkdocs (>=1.5)", "mkdocs-gen-files", "mkdocs-literate-nav", "mkdocs-nature (>=0.6)", "mkdocs-section-index", "mkdocstrings[python]"]
+docs = ["mdx_gh_links (>=0.2)", "mkdocs (>=1.6)", "mkdocs-gen-files", "mkdocs-literate-nav", "mkdocs-nature (>=0.6)", "mkdocs-section-index", "mkdocstrings[python]"]
 testing = ["coverage", "pyyaml"]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -803,27 +827,27 @@ pyyaml = ">=5.1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mkdocs-material"
-version = "9.5.50"
+version = "9.6.14"
 description = "Documentation that simply works"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 babel = ">=2.10,<3.0"
+backrefs = ">=5.7.post1,<6.0"
 colorama = ">=0.4,<1.0"
-jinja2 = ">=3.0,<4.0"
+jinja2 = ">=3.1,<4.0"
 markdown = ">=3.2,<4.0"
 mkdocs = ">=1.6,<2.0"
 mkdocs-material-extensions = ">=1.3,<2.0"
 paginate = ">=0.5,<1.0"
 pygments = ">=2.16,<3.0"
 pymdown-extensions = ">=10.2,<11.0"
-regex = ">=2022.4"
 requests = ">=2.26,<3.0"
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -845,54 +869,49 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "1.14.1"
+version = "1.16.0"
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-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
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+    {file = "mypy-1.16.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:84b94283f817e2aa6350a14b4a8fb2a35a53c286f97c9d30f53b63620e7af8ab"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 mypy_extensions = ">=1.0.0"
+pathspec = ">=0.9.0"
 tomli = {version = ">=1.1.0", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 typing_extensions = ">=4.6.0"
 
@@ -905,14 +924,14 @@ reports = ["lxml"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mypy-extensions"
-version = "1.0.0"
+version = "1.1.0"
 description = "Type system extensions for programs checked with the mypy type checker."
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.5"
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["linters"]
 files = [
-    {file = "mypy_extensions-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4392f6c0eb8a5668a69e23d168ffa70f0be9ccfd32b5cc2d26a34ae5b844552d"},
-    {file = "mypy_extensions-1.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:75dbf8955dc00442a438fc4d0666508a9a97b6bd41aa2f0ffe9d2f2725af0782"},
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+    {file = "mypy_extensions-1.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:52e68efc3284861e772bbcd66823fde5ae21fd2fdb51c62a211403730b916558"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -929,14 +948,14 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "packaging"
-version = "24.2"
+version = "25.0"
 description = "Core utilities for Python packages"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["main", "dev", "documentation", "test"]
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -989,7 +1008,7 @@ version = "0.12.1"
 description = "Utility library for gitignore style pattern matching of file paths."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["documentation"]
+groups = ["documentation", "linters"]
 files = [
     {file = "pathspec-0.12.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a0d503e138a4c123b27490a4f7beda6a01c6f288df0e4a8b79c7eb0dc7b4cc08"},
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@@ -1013,36 +1032,36 @@ ptyprocess = ">=0.5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "platformdirs"
-version = "4.3.6"
+version = "4.3.8"
 description = "A small Python package for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a `user data dir`."
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["dev", "documentation", "linters"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "platformdirs-4.3.8-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ff7059bb7eb1179e2685604f4aaf157cfd9535242bd23742eadc3c13542139b4"},
+    {file = "platformdirs-4.3.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3d512d96e16bcb959a814c9f348431070822a6496326a4be0911c40b5a74c2bc"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
-docs = ["furo (>=2024.8.6)", "proselint (>=0.14)", "sphinx (>=8.0.2)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=2.4)"]
-test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "covdefaults (>=2.3)", "pytest (>=8.3.2)", "pytest-cov (>=5)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)"]
-type = ["mypy (>=1.11.2)"]
+docs = ["furo (>=2024.8.6)", "proselint (>=0.14)", "sphinx (>=8.1.3)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=3)"]
+test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "covdefaults (>=2.3)", "pytest (>=8.3.4)", "pytest-cov (>=6)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)"]
+type = ["mypy (>=1.14.1)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pluggy"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.6.0"
 description = "plugin and hook calling mechanisms for python"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["dev", "test"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "pluggy-1.6.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7dcc130b76258d33b90f61b658791dede3486c3e6bfb003ee5c9bfb396dd22f3"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
 dev = ["pre-commit", "tox"]
-testing = ["pytest", "pytest-benchmark"]
+testing = ["coverage", "pytest", "pytest-benchmark"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "poethepoet"
@@ -1066,14 +1085,14 @@ poetry-plugin = ["poetry (>=1.2.0,<3.0.0) ; python_version < \"4.0\""]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pre-commit"
-version = "4.1.0"
+version = "4.2.0"
 description = "A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["linters"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "pre_commit-4.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a009ca7205f1eb497d10b845e52c838a98b6cdd2102a6c8e4540e94ee75c58bd"},
+    {file = "pre_commit-4.2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:601283b9757afd87d40c4c4a9b2b5de9637a8ea02eaff7adc2d0fb4e04841146"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1085,14 +1104,14 @@ virtualenv = ">=20.10.0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "prompt-toolkit"
-version = "3.0.48"
+version = "3.0.51"
 description = "Library for building powerful interactive command lines in Python"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7.0"
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["main", "dev"]
 files = [
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-    {file = "prompt_toolkit-3.0.48.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d6623ab0477a80df74e646bdbc93621143f5caf104206aa29294d53de1a03d90"},
+    {file = "prompt_toolkit-3.0.51-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:52742911fde84e2d423e2f9a4cf1de7d7ac4e51958f648d9540e0fb8db077b07"},
+    {file = "prompt_toolkit-3.0.51.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:931a162e3b27fc90c86f1b48bb1fb2c528c2761475e57c9c06de13311c7b54ed"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1128,14 +1147,14 @@ tests = ["pytest"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pygments"
-version = "2.18.0"
+version = "2.19.1"
 description = "Pygments is a syntax highlighting package written in Python."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["dev", "documentation", "script"]
+groups = ["dev", "documentation", "script", "test"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pygments-2.18.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b8e6aca0523f3ab76fee51799c488e38782ac06eafcf95e7ba832985c8e7b13a"},
-    {file = "pygments-2.18.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:786ff802f32e91311bff3889f6e9a86e81505fe99f2735bb6d60ae0c5004f199"},
+    {file = "pygments-2.19.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9ea1544ad55cecf4b8242fab6dd35a93bbce657034b0611ee383099054ab6d8c"},
+    {file = "pygments-2.19.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:61c16d2a8576dc0649d9f39e089b5f02bcd27fba10d8fb4dcc28173f7a45151f"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -1143,14 +1162,14 @@ windows-terminal = ["colorama (>=0.4.6)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pymdown-extensions"
-version = "10.12"
+version = "10.15"
 description = "Extension pack for Python Markdown."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["documentation"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pymdown_extensions-10.12-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:49f81412242d3527b8b4967b990df395c89563043bc51a3d2d7d500e52123b77"},
-    {file = "pymdown_extensions-10.12.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b0ee1e0b2bef1071a47891ab17003bfe5bf824a398e13f49f8ed653b699369a7"},
+    {file = "pymdown_extensions-10.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:46e99bb272612b0de3b7e7caf6da8dd5f4ca5212c0b273feb9304e236c484e5f"},
+    {file = "pymdown_extensions-10.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0e5994e32155f4b03504f939e501b981d306daf7ec2aa1cd2eb6bd300784f8f7"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1158,61 +1177,62 @@ markdown = ">=3.6"
 pyyaml = "*"
 
 [package.extras]
-extra = ["pygments (>=2.12)"]
+extra = ["pygments (>=2.19.1)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyproject-api"
-version = "1.9.0"
+version = "1.9.1"
 description = "API to interact with the python pyproject.toml based projects"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["dev"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pyproject_api-1.9.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:326df9d68dea22d9d98b5243c46e3ca3161b07a1b9b18e213d1e24fd0e605766"},
-    {file = "pyproject_api-1.9.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7e8a9854b2dfb49454fae421cb86af43efbb2b2454e5646ffb7623540321ae6e"},
+    {file = "pyproject_api-1.9.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7d6238d92f8962773dd75b5f0c4a6a27cce092a14b623b811dba656f3b628948"},
+    {file = "pyproject_api-1.9.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:43c9918f49daab37e302038fc1aed54a8c7a91a9fa935d00b9a485f37e0f5335"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-packaging = ">=24.2"
+packaging = ">=25"
 tomli = {version = ">=2.2.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 
 [package.extras]
-docs = ["furo (>=2024.8.6)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=3)"]
-testing = ["covdefaults (>=2.3)", "pytest (>=8.3.4)", "pytest-cov (>=6)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)", "setuptools (>=75.8)"]
+docs = ["furo (>=2024.8.6)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=3.2)"]
+testing = ["covdefaults (>=2.3)", "pytest (>=8.3.5)", "pytest-cov (>=6.1.1)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)", "setuptools (>=80.3.1)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest"
-version = "8.3.4"
+version = "8.4.0"
 description = "pytest: simple powerful testing with Python"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["test"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pytest-8.3.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:50e16d954148559c9a74109af1eaf0c945ba2d8f30f0a3d3335edde19788b6f6"},
-    {file = "pytest-8.3.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:965370d062bce11e73868e0335abac31b4d3de0e82f4007408d242b4f8610761"},
+    {file = "pytest-8.4.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f40f825768ad76c0977cbacdf1fd37c6f7a468e460ea6a0636078f8972d4517e"},
+    {file = "pytest-8.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:14d920b48472ea0dbf68e45b96cd1ffda4705f33307dcc86c676c1b5104838a6"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-colorama = {version = "*", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
-exceptiongroup = {version = ">=1.0.0rc8", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
-iniconfig = "*"
-packaging = "*"
+colorama = {version = ">=0.4", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
+exceptiongroup = {version = ">=1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+iniconfig = ">=1"
+packaging = ">=20"
 pluggy = ">=1.5,<2"
+pygments = ">=2.7.2"
 tomli = {version = ">=1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 
 [package.extras]
-dev = ["argcomplete", "attrs (>=19.2)", "hypothesis (>=3.56)", "mock", "pygments (>=2.7.2)", "requests", "setuptools", "xmlschema"]
+dev = ["argcomplete", "attrs (>=19.2)", "hypothesis (>=3.56)", "mock", "requests", "setuptools", "xmlschema"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-cov"
-version = "6.0.0"
+version = "6.1.1"
 description = "Pytest plugin for measuring coverage."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["test"]
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1224,18 +1244,22 @@ testing = ["fields", "hunter", "process-tests", "pytest-xdist", "virtualenv"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-datadir"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.7.2"
 description = "pytest plugin for test data directories and files"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["test"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "pytest_datadir-1.7.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:15f5228a35d0a3205e4968e75d3b9cca91762424e1eafc21eb637d380a48443e"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-pytest = ">=5.0"
+pytest = ">=7.0"
+
+[package.extras]
+dev = ["pre-commit", "pytest-datadir[testing]"]
+testing = ["pytest", "tox"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-freezer"
@@ -1255,14 +1279,14 @@ pytest = ">=3.6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-mock"
-version = "3.14.0"
+version = "3.14.1"
 description = "Thin-wrapper around the mock package for easier use with pytest"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["test"]
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1273,19 +1297,19 @@ dev = ["pre-commit", "pytest-asyncio", "tox"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-regressions"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.8.0"
 description = "Easy to use fixtures to write regression tests."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["test"]
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 pytest = ">=6.2.0"
-pytest-datadir = ">=1.2.0"
+pytest-datadir = ">=1.7.0"
 pyyaml = "*"
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -1296,14 +1320,14 @@ num = ["numpy", "pandas"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-xdist"
-version = "3.6.1"
+version = "3.7.0"
 description = "pytest xdist plugin for distributed testing, most importantly across multiple CPUs"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["test"]
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -1395,14 +1419,14 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyyaml-env-tag"
-version = "0.1"
-description = "A custom YAML tag for referencing environment variables in YAML files. "
+version = "1.1"
+description = "A custom YAML tag for referencing environment variables in YAML files."
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.6"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["documentation"]
 files = [
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 [package.dependencies]
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-
 [[package]]
 name = "requests"
 version = "2.32.3"
@@ -1571,42 +1491,42 @@ jupyter = ["ipywidgets (>=7.5.1,<9)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.9.4"
+version = "0.9.10"
 description = "An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 groups = ["linters"]
 files = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "six"
-version = "1.16.0"
+version = "1.17.0"
 description = "Python 2 and 3 compatibility utilities"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*"
-groups = ["dev", "documentation", "test"]
+python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,>=2.7"
+groups = ["documentation", "test"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "six-1.17.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ff70335d468e7eb6ec65b95b99d3a2836546063f63acc5171de367e834932a81"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1689,30 +1609,30 @@ markers = {dev = "python_version < \"3.11\"", linters = "python_version < \"3.11
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tomlkit"
-version = "0.13.2"
+version = "0.13.3"
 description = "Style preserving TOML library"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "tomlkit-0.13.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c89c649d79ee40629a9fda55f8ace8c6a1b42deb912b2a8fd8d942ddadb606b0"},
+    {file = "tomlkit-0.13.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:430cf247ee57df2b94ee3fbe588e71d362a941ebb545dec29b53961d61add2a1"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tox"
-version = "4.24.1"
+version = "4.26.0"
 description = "tox is a generic virtualenv management and test command line tool"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["dev"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "tox-4.26.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:75f17aaf09face9b97bd41645028d9f722301e912be8b4c65a3f938024560224"},
+    {file = "tox-4.26.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a83b3b67b0159fa58e44e646505079e35a43317a62d2ae94725e0586266faeca"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-cachetools = ">=5.5"
+cachetools = ">=5.5.1"
 chardet = ">=5.2"
 colorama = ">=0.4.6"
 filelock = ">=3.16.1"
@@ -1720,12 +1640,12 @@ packaging = ">=24.2"
 platformdirs = ">=4.3.6"
 pluggy = ">=1.5"
 pyproject-api = ">=1.8"
-tomli = {version = ">=2.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+tomli = {version = ">=2.2.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 typing-extensions = {version = ">=4.12.2", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
-virtualenv = ">=20.27.1"
+virtualenv = ">=20.31"
 
 [package.extras]
-test = ["devpi-process (>=1.0.2)", "pytest (>=8.3.3)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)"]
+test = ["devpi-process (>=1.0.2)", "pytest (>=8.3.4)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "traitlets"
@@ -1745,38 +1665,38 @@ test = ["argcomplete (>=3.0.3)", "mypy (>=1.7.0)", "pre-commit", "pytest (>=7.0,
 
 [[package]]
 name = "types-deprecated"
-version = "1.2.15.20241117"
+version = "1.2.15.20250304"
 description = "Typing stubs for Deprecated"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
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 [[package]]
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 markers = "python_version == \"3.9\""
 files = [
-    {file = "zipp-3.21.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ac1bbe05fd2991f160ebce24ffbac5f6d11d83dc90891255885223d42b3cd931"},
-    {file = "zipp-3.21.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2c9958f6430a2040341a52eb608ed6dd93ef4392e02ffe219417c1b28b5dd1f4"},
+    {file = "zipp-3.22.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:fe208f65f2aca48b81f9e6fd8cf7b8b32c26375266b009b413d45306b6148343"},
+    {file = "zipp-3.22.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:dd2f28c3ce4bc67507bfd3781d21b7bb2be31103b51a4553ad7d90b84e57ace5"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -1991,10 +1925,10 @@ check = ["pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-ruff (>=0.2.1) ; sys_platform != \"
 cover = ["pytest-cov"]
 doc = ["furo", "jaraco.packaging (>=9.3)", "jaraco.tidelift (>=1.4)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)", "sphinx (>=3.5)", "sphinx-lint"]
 enabler = ["pytest-enabler (>=2.2)"]
-test = ["big-O", "importlib-resources ; python_version < \"3.9\"", "jaraco.functools", "jaraco.itertools", "jaraco.test", "more-itertools", "pytest (>=6,!=8.1.*)", "pytest-ignore-flaky"]
+test = ["big-O", "importlib_resources ; python_version < \"3.9\"", "jaraco.functools", "jaraco.itertools", "jaraco.test", "more_itertools", "pytest (>=6,!=8.1.*)", "pytest-ignore-flaky"]
 type = ["pytest-mypy"]
 
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = ">=3.9,<4.0"
-content-hash = "2951e44d1ec238ddef2139c76de3c838976a018b0993f7b84c6fd686e26fc5d0"
+content-hash = "7375bf9072066831425c1b72fec016c42791695338c061324fb47420dafd2c8d"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index cff51a2094..8215595737 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ deprecated = "^1.2.13"
 [tool.poetry.group.linters.dependencies]
 ruff = ">=0.5.0,<0.10.0"
 pre-commit = ">=2.18,<5.0"
-mypy = "^1.4"
+mypy = "^1.15.0"
 types-deprecated = "^1.2.9.2"
 types-python-dateutil = "^2.8.19.13"
 types-PyYAML = ">=5.4.3,<7.0.0"
@@ -251,12 +251,7 @@ cover.help = "Run the test suite with coverage"
 cover.ref = "test --cov-report term-missing --cov-report=xml:coverage.xml --cov=commitizen"
 
 all.help = "Run all tasks"
-all.sequence = [
-    "format",
-    "lint",
-    "cover",
-    "check-commit",
-]
+all.sequence = ["format", "lint", "cover", "check-commit"]
 
 "doc:screenshots".help = "Render documentation screenshots"
 "doc:screenshots".script = "scripts.gen_cli_help_screenshots:gen_cli_help_screenshots"
@@ -268,10 +263,7 @@ doc.help = "Live documentation server"
 doc.cmd = "mkdocs serve"
 
 ci.help = "Run all tasks in CI"
-ci.sequence = [
-    { cmd = "pre-commit run --all-files" },
-    "cover",
-]
+ci.sequence = [{ cmd = "pre-commit run --all-files" }, "cover"]
 ci.env = { SKIP = "no-commit-to-branch" }
 
 setup-pre-commit.help = "Install pre-commit hooks"

From bb19549cf107b2ecb43c8babfdd8bfbdae02debd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 22:08:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/77] refactor(bump): add type for out, replace function with
 re escape

---
 commitizen/bump.py | 8 ++------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/bump.py b/commitizen/bump.py
index b8ae18ba64..2fa814f7c8 100644
--- a/commitizen/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/bump.py
@@ -103,13 +103,13 @@ def _files_and_regexes(patterns: list[str], version: str) -> list[tuple[str, str
     """
     Resolve all distinct files with their regexp from a list of glob patterns with optional regexp
     """
-    out = []
+    out: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
     for pattern in patterns:
         drive, tail = os.path.splitdrive(pattern)
         path, _, regex = tail.partition(":")
         filepath = drive + path
         if not regex:
-            regex = _version_to_regex(version)
+            regex = re.escape(version)
 
         for path in iglob(filepath):
             out.append((path, regex))
@@ -140,10 +140,6 @@ def _bump_with_regex(
     return current_version_found, "".join(lines)
 
 
-def _version_to_regex(version: str) -> str:
-    return version.replace(".", r"\.").replace("+", r"\+")
-
-
 def create_commit_message(
     current_version: Version | str,
     new_version: Version | str,

From dc2fd3299a4461c090cb7adc6374e6041dfa6d31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 03:09:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 14/77] refactor(bump): clean up

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py | 32 ++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index 0a2bbe37fc..d022599c76 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -105,19 +105,18 @@ def is_initial_tag(
         self, current_tag: git.GitTag | None, is_yes: bool = False
     ) -> bool:
         """Check if reading the whole git tree up to HEAD is needed."""
-        is_initial = False
-        if not current_tag:
-            if is_yes:
-                is_initial = True
-            else:
-                out.info("No tag matching configuration could not be found.")
-                out.info(
-                    "Possible causes:\n"
-                    "- version in configuration is not the current version\n"
-                    "- tag_format or legacy_tag_formats is missing, check them using 'git tag --list'\n"
-                )
-                is_initial = questionary.confirm("Is this the first tag created?").ask()
-        return is_initial
+        if current_tag:
+            return False
+        if is_yes:
+            return True
+
+        out.info("No tag matching configuration could not be found.")
+        out.info(
+            "Possible causes:\n"
+            "- version in configuration is not the current version\n"
+            "- tag_format or legacy_tag_formats is missing, check them using 'git tag --list'\n"
+        )
+        return bool(questionary.confirm("Is this the first tag created?").ask())
 
     def find_increment(self, commits: list[git.GitCommit]) -> Increment | None:
         # Update the bump map to ensure major version doesn't increment.
@@ -134,10 +133,7 @@ def find_increment(self, commits: list[git.GitCommit]) -> Increment | None:
             raise NoPatternMapError(
                 f"'{self.config.settings['name']}' rule does not support bump"
             )
-        increment = bump.find_increment(
-            commits, regex=bump_pattern, increments_map=bump_map
-        )
-        return increment
+        return bump.find_increment(commits, regex=bump_pattern, increments_map=bump_map)
 
     def __call__(self) -> None:  # noqa: C901
         """Steps executed to bump."""
@@ -148,7 +144,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:  # noqa: C901
         except TypeError:
             raise NoVersionSpecifiedError()
 
-        bump_commit_message: str = self.bump_settings["bump_message"]
+        bump_commit_message: str | None = self.bump_settings["bump_message"]
         version_files: list[str] = self.bump_settings["version_files"]
         major_version_zero: bool = self.bump_settings["major_version_zero"]
         prerelease_offset: int = self.bump_settings["prerelease_offset"]

From 11ddbfd557ce7ebc876316c55b64e48614bb2db3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 03:14:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 15/77] test(bump): improve test coverage

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py         |  4 +--
 tests/commands/test_bump_command.py | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index d022599c76..a2d98c2451 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict):
                     "template",
                     "file_name",
                 ]
-                if arguments[key] is not None
+                if arguments.get(key) is not None
             },
         }
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def is_initial_tag(
         if is_yes:
             return True
 
-        out.info("No tag matching configuration could not be found.")
+        out.info("No tag matching configuration could be found.")
         out.info(
             "Possible causes:\n"
             "- version in configuration is not the current version\n"
diff --git a/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py b/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py
index e15539d8a7..2af7bec121 100644
--- a/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py
+++ b/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
 from pytest_mock import MockFixture
 
 import commitizen.commands.bump as bump
-from commitizen import cli, cmd, git, hooks
+from commitizen import cli, cmd, defaults, git, hooks
 from commitizen.changelog_formats import ChangelogFormat
+from commitizen.config.base_config import BaseConfig
 from commitizen.cz.base import BaseCommitizen
 from commitizen.exceptions import (
     BumpTagFailedError,
@@ -41,8 +42,8 @@
         "fix(user): username exception",
         "refactor: remove ini configuration support",
         "refactor(config): remove ini configuration support",
-        "perf: update to use multiproess",
-        "perf(worker): update to use multiproess",
+        "perf: update to use multiprocess",
+        "perf(worker): update to use multiprocess",
     ),
 )
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("tmp_commitizen_project")
@@ -1688,3 +1689,51 @@ def test_bump_warn_but_dont_fail_on_invalid_tags(
 
     assert err.count("Invalid version tag: '0.4.3.deadbeaf'") == 1
     assert git.tag_exist("0.4.3")
+
+
+def test_is_initial_tag(mocker: MockFixture, tmp_commitizen_project):
+    """Test the is_initial_tag method behavior."""
+    # Create a commit but no tags
+    create_file_and_commit("feat: initial commit")
+
+    # Initialize Bump with minimal config
+    config = BaseConfig()
+    config.settings.update(
+        {
+            "name": defaults.DEFAULT_SETTINGS["name"],
+            "encoding": "utf-8",
+            "pre_bump_hooks": [],
+            "post_bump_hooks": [],
+        }
+    )
+
+    # Initialize with required arguments
+    arguments = {
+        "changelog": False,
+        "changelog_to_stdout": False,
+        "git_output_to_stderr": False,
+        "no_verify": False,
+        "check_consistency": False,
+        "retry": False,
+        "version_scheme": None,
+        "file_name": None,
+        "template": None,
+        "extras": None,
+    }
+
+    bump_cmd = bump.Bump(config, arguments)
+
+    # Test case 1: No current tag, not yes mode
+    mocker.patch("questionary.confirm", return_value=mocker.Mock(ask=lambda: True))
+    assert bump_cmd.is_initial_tag(None, is_yes=False) is True
+
+    # Test case 2: No current tag, yes mode
+    assert bump_cmd.is_initial_tag(None, is_yes=True) is True
+
+    # Test case 3: Has current tag
+    mock_tag = mocker.Mock()
+    assert bump_cmd.is_initial_tag(mock_tag, is_yes=False) is False
+
+    # Test case 4: No current tag, user denies
+    mocker.patch("questionary.confirm", return_value=mocker.Mock(ask=lambda: False))
+    assert bump_cmd.is_initial_tag(None, is_yes=False) is False

From c27560ccdcac15400405cf16363bd5f1d27a873b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 22 May 2025 22:55:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 16/77] fix(defaults): add non-capitalized default constants
 back and deprecated warning

relates #1446
---
 commitizen/defaults.py | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_defaults.py | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 60 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/test_defaults.py

diff --git a/commitizen/defaults.py b/commitizen/defaults.py
index 1885848618..10d55b8621 100644
--- a/commitizen/defaults.py
+++ b/commitizen/defaults.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pathlib
+import warnings
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from collections.abc import Iterable, MutableMapping, Sequence
 from typing import Any, TypedDict
@@ -153,3 +154,31 @@ def get_tag_regexes(
         **{f"${k}": v for k, v in regexes.items()},
         **{f"${{{k}}}": v for k, v in regexes.items()},
     }
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
+    # PEP-562: deprecate module-level variable
+
+    # {"deprecated key": (value, "new key")}
+    deprecated_vars = {
+        "bump_pattern": (BUMP_PATTERN, "BUMP_PATTERN"),
+        "bump_map": (BUMP_MAP, "BUMP_MAP"),
+        "bump_map_major_version_zero": (
+            BUMP_MAP_MAJOR_VERSION_ZERO,
+            "BUMP_MAP_MAJOR_VERSION_ZERO",
+        ),
+        "bump_message": (BUMP_MESSAGE, "BUMP_MESSAGE"),
+        "change_type_order": (CHANGE_TYPE_ORDER, "CHANGE_TYPE_ORDER"),
+        "encoding": (ENCODING, "ENCODING"),
+        "name": (DEFAULT_SETTINGS["name"], "DEFAULT_SETTINGS['name']"),
+    }
+    if name in deprecated_vars:
+        value, replacement = deprecated_vars[name]
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"{name} is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
+            f"Use {replacement} instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return value
+    raise AttributeError(f"{name} is not an attribute of {__name__}")
diff --git a/tests/test_defaults.py b/tests/test_defaults.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2298068662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_defaults.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import pytest
+
+from commitizen import defaults
+
+
+def test_getattr_deprecated_vars():
+    # Test each deprecated variable
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning) as record:
+        assert defaults.bump_pattern == defaults.BUMP_PATTERN
+        assert defaults.bump_map == defaults.BUMP_MAP
+        assert (
+            defaults.bump_map_major_version_zero == defaults.BUMP_MAP_MAJOR_VERSION_ZERO
+        )
+        assert defaults.bump_message == defaults.BUMP_MESSAGE
+        assert defaults.change_type_order == defaults.CHANGE_TYPE_ORDER
+        assert defaults.encoding == defaults.ENCODING
+        assert defaults.name == defaults.DEFAULT_SETTINGS["name"]
+
+    # Verify warning messages
+    assert len(record) == 7
+    for warning in record:
+        assert "is deprecated and will be removed in a future version" in str(
+            warning.message
+        )
+
+
+def test_getattr_non_existent():
+    # Test non-existent attribute
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError) as exc_info:
+        _ = defaults.non_existent_attribute
+    assert "is not an attribute of" in str(exc_info.value)

From e67d92bc3112b6b6fa4573f519683b87d8f6ecb4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 20:42:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 17/77] refactor: misc cleanup

---
 .../conventional_commits.py                   | 21 +++++++------------
 commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py                    |  6 ++----
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
index af29a209fc..9a2b9016b7 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class ConventionalCommitsCz(BaseCommitizen):
     changelog_pattern = defaults.BUMP_PATTERN
 
     def questions(self) -> Questions:
-        questions: Questions = [
+        return [
             {
                 "type": "list",
                 "name": "prefix",
@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@ def questions(self) -> Questions:
                 ),
             },
         ]
-        return questions
 
     def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
         prefix = answers["prefix"]
@@ -165,9 +164,7 @@ def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
         if footer:
             footer = f"\n\n{footer}"
 
-        message = f"{prefix}{scope}: {subject}{body}{footer}"
-
-        return message
+        return f"{prefix}{scope}: {subject}{body}{footer}"
 
     def example(self) -> str:
         return (
@@ -188,25 +185,21 @@ def schema(self) -> str:
         )
 
     def schema_pattern(self) -> str:
-        PATTERN = (
+        return (
             r"(?s)"  # To explicitly make . match new line
             r"(build|ci|docs|feat|fix|perf|refactor|style|test|chore|revert|bump)"  # type
             r"(\(\S+\))?!?:"  # scope
             r"( [^\n\r]+)"  # subject
             r"((\n\n.*)|(\s*))?$"
         )
-        return PATTERN
 
     def info(self) -> str:
         dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
         filepath = os.path.join(dir_path, "conventional_commits_info.txt")
         with open(filepath, encoding=self.config.settings["encoding"]) as f:
-            content = f.read()
-        return content
+            return f.read()
 
     def process_commit(self, commit: str) -> str:
-        pat = re.compile(self.schema_pattern())
-        m = re.match(pat, commit)
-        if m is None:
-            return ""
-        return m.group(3).strip()
+        if m := re.match(self.schema_pattern(), commit):
+            return m.group(3).strip()
+        return ""
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py b/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
index b8fd056a71..f43de2177c 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 class JiraSmartCz(BaseCommitizen):
     def questions(self) -> Questions:
-        questions = [
+        return [
             {
                 "type": "input",
                 "name": "message",
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ def questions(self) -> Questions:
                 "filter": lambda x: "#comment " + x if x else "",
             },
         ]
-        return questions
 
     def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
         return " ".join(
@@ -77,5 +76,4 @@ def info(self) -> str:
         dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
         filepath = os.path.join(dir_path, "jira_info.txt")
         with open(filepath, encoding=self.config.settings["encoding"]) as f:
-            content = f.read()
-        return content
+            return f.read()

From 53e1edf3a9494c78d12ea07cbb1b66d16aa861e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 20 May 2025 00:06:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 18/77] refactor(git): extract _create_commit_cmd_string

---
 commitizen/git.py | 19 +++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index fa59e34d48..ab2866ac48 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -181,19 +181,22 @@ def commit(
     f.write(message.encode("utf-8"))
     f.close()
 
-    command = f'git commit {args} -F "{f.name}"'
-
-    if committer_date and os.name == "nt":  # pragma: no cover
-        # Using `cmd /v /c "{command}"` sets environment variables only for that command
-        command = f'cmd /v /c "set GIT_COMMITTER_DATE={committer_date}&& {command}"'
-    elif committer_date:
-        command = f"GIT_COMMITTER_DATE={committer_date} {command}"
-
+    command = _create_commit_cmd_string(args, committer_date, f.name)
     c = cmd.run(command)
     os.unlink(f.name)
     return c
 
 
+def _create_commit_cmd_string(args: str, committer_date: str | None, name: str) -> str:
+    command = f'git commit {args} -F "{name}"'
+    if not committer_date:
+        return command
+    if os.name != "nt":
+        return f"GIT_COMMITTER_DATE={committer_date} {command}"
+    # Using `cmd /v /c "{command}"` sets environment variables only for that command
+    return f'cmd /v /c "set GIT_COMMITTER_DATE={committer_date}&& {command}"'
+
+
 def get_commits(
     start: str | None = None,
     end: str = "HEAD",

From 3897e1bbcb37766b3254fac60a27830f8b17d8b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 May 2025 16:24:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 19/77] test(test_git): mock os

---
 tests/test_git.py | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/test_git.py b/tests/test_git.py
index de3130412b..3fecaabafd 100644
--- a/tests/test_git.py
+++ b/tests/test_git.py
@@ -449,3 +449,27 @@ def test_git_commit_from_rev_and_commit():
     assert commit.author == "John Doe"
     assert commit.author_email == "john@example.com"
     assert commit.parents == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "os_name,committer_date,expected_cmd",
+    [
+        (
+            "nt",
+            "2024-03-20",
+            'cmd /v /c "set GIT_COMMITTER_DATE=2024-03-20&& git commit  -F "temp.txt""',
+        ),
+        (
+            "posix",
+            "2024-03-20",
+            'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE=2024-03-20 git commit  -F "temp.txt"',
+        ),
+        ("nt", None, 'git commit  -F "temp.txt"'),
+        ("posix", None, 'git commit  -F "temp.txt"'),
+    ],
+)
+def test_create_commit_cmd_string(mocker, os_name, committer_date, expected_cmd):
+    """Test the OS-specific behavior of _create_commit_cmd_string"""
+    mocker.patch("os.name", os_name)
+    result = git._create_commit_cmd_string("", committer_date, "temp.txt")
+    assert result == expected_cmd

From 7c5c08b23957c40d75764c9bce48e76b2ebdfb0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 May 2025 22:20:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 20/77] refactor(cli): early return and improve test coverage

---
 commitizen/cli.py | 21 ++++++++---------
 tests/test_cli.py | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index b566fc596d..deb5644d27 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -553,19 +553,20 @@ def commitizen_excepthook(
     type, value, traceback, debug=False, no_raise: list[int] | None = None
 ):
     traceback = traceback if isinstance(traceback, TracebackType) else None
+    if not isinstance(value, CommitizenException):
+        original_excepthook(type, value, traceback)
+        return
+
     if not no_raise:
         no_raise = []
-    if isinstance(value, CommitizenException):
-        if value.message:
-            value.output_method(value.message)
-        if debug:
-            original_excepthook(type, value, traceback)
-        exit_code = value.exit_code
-        if exit_code in no_raise:
-            exit_code = ExitCode.EXPECTED_EXIT
-        sys.exit(exit_code)
-    else:
+    if value.message:
+        value.output_method(value.message)
+    if debug:
         original_excepthook(type, value, traceback)
+    exit_code = value.exit_code
+    if exit_code in no_raise:
+        exit_code = ExitCode.EXPECTED_EXIT
+    sys.exit(exit_code)
 
 
 commitizen_debug_excepthook = partial(commitizen_excepthook, debug=True)
diff --git a/tests/test_cli.py b/tests/test_cli.py
index a91e633128..31371caea4 100644
--- a/tests/test_cli.py
+++ b/tests/test_cli.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import types
 from functools import partial
 
 import pytest
@@ -182,3 +183,59 @@ def test_unknown_args_before_double_dash_raises(mocker: MockFixture):
     assert "Invalid commitizen arguments were found before -- separator" in str(
         excinfo.value
     )
+
+
+def test_commitizen_excepthook_non_commitizen_exception(mocker: MockFixture):
+    """Test that commitizen_excepthook delegates to original_excepthook for non-CommitizenException."""
+    # Mock the original excepthook
+    mock_original_excepthook = mocker.Mock()
+    mocker.patch("commitizen.cli.original_excepthook", mock_original_excepthook)
+
+    # Create a regular exception
+    test_exception = ValueError("test error")
+
+    # Call commitizen_excepthook with the regular exception
+    cli.commitizen_excepthook(ValueError, test_exception, None)
+
+    # Verify original_excepthook was called with correct arguments
+    mock_original_excepthook.assert_called_once_with(ValueError, test_exception, None)
+
+
+def test_commitizen_excepthook_non_commitizen_exception_with_traceback(
+    mocker: MockFixture,
+):
+    """Test that commitizen_excepthook handles traceback correctly for non-CommitizenException."""
+    # Mock the original excepthook
+    mock_original_excepthook = mocker.Mock()
+    mocker.patch("commitizen.cli.original_excepthook", mock_original_excepthook)
+
+    # Create a regular exception with a traceback
+    test_exception = ValueError("test error")
+    test_traceback = mocker.Mock(spec=types.TracebackType)
+
+    # Call commitizen_excepthook with the regular exception and traceback
+    cli.commitizen_excepthook(ValueError, test_exception, test_traceback)
+
+    # Verify original_excepthook was called with correct arguments including traceback
+    mock_original_excepthook.assert_called_once_with(
+        ValueError, test_exception, test_traceback
+    )
+
+
+def test_commitizen_excepthook_non_commitizen_exception_with_invalid_traceback(
+    mocker: MockFixture,
+):
+    """Test that commitizen_excepthook handles invalid traceback correctly for non-CommitizenException."""
+    # Mock the original excepthook
+    mock_original_excepthook = mocker.Mock()
+    mocker.patch("commitizen.cli.original_excepthook", mock_original_excepthook)
+
+    # Create a regular exception with an invalid traceback
+    test_exception = ValueError("test error")
+    test_traceback = mocker.Mock()  # Not a TracebackType
+
+    # Call commitizen_excepthook with the regular exception and invalid traceback
+    cli.commitizen_excepthook(ValueError, test_exception, test_traceback)
+
+    # Verify original_excepthook was called with None as traceback
+    mock_original_excepthook.assert_called_once_with(ValueError, test_exception, None)

From fea0fa02c814a94ed340cd723886e105280e2de5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 May 2025 00:25:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 21/77] build(termcolor): remove termcolor <3 restriction

---
 poetry.lock    | 8 ++++----
 pyproject.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index ceccd3da1c..b5dbcd9898 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -1551,14 +1551,14 @@ tests = ["cython", "littleutils", "pygments", "pytest", "typeguard"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "termcolor"
-version = "2.5.0"
+version = "3.1.0"
 description = "ANSI color formatting for output in terminal"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "termcolor-2.5.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:37b17b5fc1e604945c2642c872a3764b5d547a48009871aea3edd3afa180afb8"},
-    {file = "termcolor-2.5.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:998d8d27da6d48442e8e1f016119076b690d962507531df4890fcd2db2ef8a6f"},
+    {file = "termcolor-3.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:591dd26b5c2ce03b9e43f391264626557873ce1d379019786f99b0c2bee140aa"},
+    {file = "termcolor-3.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6a6dd7fbee581909eeec6a756cff1d7f7c376063b14e4a298dc4980309e55970"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
@@ -1931,4 +1931,4 @@ type = ["pytest-mypy"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = ">=3.9,<4.0"
-content-hash = "7375bf9072066831425c1b72fec016c42791695338c061324fb47420dafd2c8d"
+content-hash = "5e42ee6a3a2b13c6f277b29f063fd8d71bf89841b1564636dffe56f7c65c33b4"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 8215595737..ac1eab66ca 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "questionary (>=2.0,<3.0)",
     "decli (>=0.6.0,<1.0)",
     "colorama (>=0.4.1,<1.0)",
-    "termcolor (>=1.1,<3)",
+    "termcolor (>=1.1.0,<4.0.0)",
     "packaging>=19",
     "tomlkit (>=0.5.3,<1.0.0)",
     "jinja2>=2.10.3",

From 40f3eb5cc689373d8df0f568d687d87e0b809c21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 25 May 2025 23:58:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 22/77] build: specify importlib-metadata version to fix unit
 tests

---
 poetry.lock    | 95 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 pyproject.toml |  4 +--
 2 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index b5dbcd9898..6a31d292fe 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@ description = "Composable command line interface toolkit"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 groups = ["documentation"]
+markers = "python_version == \"3.9\""
 files = [
     {file = "click-8.1.8-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:63c132bbbed01578a06712a2d1f497bb62d9c1c0d329b7903a866228027263b2"},
     {file = "click-8.1.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ed53c9d8990d83c2a27deae68e4ee337473f6330c040a31d4225c9574d16096a"},
@@ -230,6 +231,22 @@ files = [
 [package.dependencies]
 colorama = {version = "*", markers = "platform_system == \"Windows\""}
 
+[[package]]
+name = "click"
+version = "8.2.1"
+description = "Composable command line interface toolkit"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.10"
+groups = ["documentation"]
+markers = "python_version != \"3.9\""
+files = [
+    {file = "click-8.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:61a3265b914e850b85317d0b3109c7f8cd35a670f963866005d6ef1d5175a12b"},
+    {file = "click-8.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:27c491cc05d968d271d5a1db13e3b5a184636d9d930f148c50b038f0d0646202"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+colorama = {version = "*", markers = "platform_system == \"Windows\""}
+
 [[package]]
 name = "colorama"
 version = "0.4.6"
@@ -510,12 +527,37 @@ all = ["flake8 (>=7.1.1)", "mypy (>=1.11.2)", "pytest (>=8.3.2)", "ruff (>=0.6.2
 
 [[package]]
 name = "importlib-metadata"
-version = "8.7.0"
+version = "8.6.1"
 description = "Read metadata from Python packages"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main", "documentation"]
 markers = "python_version == \"3.9\""
+files = [
+    {file = "importlib_metadata-8.6.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:02a89390c1e15fdfdc0d7c6b25cb3e62650d0494005c97d6f148bf5b9787525e"},
+    {file = "importlib_metadata-8.6.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:310b41d755445d74569f993ccfc22838295d9fe005425094fad953d7f15c8580"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+zipp = ">=3.20"
+
+[package.extras]
+check = ["pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-ruff (>=0.2.1) ; sys_platform != \"cygwin\""]
+cover = ["pytest-cov"]
+doc = ["furo", "jaraco.packaging (>=9.3)", "jaraco.tidelift (>=1.4)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)", "sphinx (>=3.5)", "sphinx-lint"]
+enabler = ["pytest-enabler (>=2.2)"]
+perf = ["ipython"]
+test = ["flufl.flake8", "importlib_resources (>=1.3) ; python_version < \"3.9\"", "jaraco.test (>=5.4)", "packaging", "pyfakefs", "pytest (>=6,!=8.1.*)", "pytest-perf (>=0.9.2)"]
+type = ["pytest-mypy"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "importlib-metadata"
+version = "8.7.0"
+description = "Read metadata from Python packages"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["main"]
+markers = "python_version != \"3.9\""
 files = [
     {file = "importlib_metadata-8.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e5dd1551894c77868a30651cef00984d50e1002d06942a7101d34870c5f02afd"},
     {file = "importlib_metadata-8.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d13b81ad223b890aa16c5471f2ac3056cf76c5f10f82d6f9292f0b415f389000"},
@@ -552,6 +594,7 @@ description = "IPython: Productive Interactive Computing"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["dev"]
+markers = "python_version == \"3.9\""
 files = [
     {file = "ipython-8.18.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e8267419d72d81955ec1177f8a29aaa90ac80ad647499201119e2f05e99aa397"},
     {file = "ipython-8.18.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ca6f079bb33457c66e233e4580ebfc4128855b4cf6370dddd73842a9563e8a27"},
@@ -583,6 +626,46 @@ qtconsole = ["qtconsole"]
 test = ["pickleshare", "pytest (<7.1)", "pytest-asyncio (<0.22)", "testpath"]
 test-extra = ["curio", "matplotlib (!=3.2.0)", "nbformat", "numpy (>=1.22)", "pandas", "pickleshare", "pytest (<7.1)", "pytest-asyncio (<0.22)", "testpath", "trio"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ipython"
+version = "8.37.0"
+description = "IPython: Productive Interactive Computing"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.10"
+groups = ["dev"]
+markers = "python_version != \"3.9\""
+files = [
+    {file = "ipython-8.37.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ed87326596b878932dbcb171e3e698845434d8c61b8d8cd474bf663041a9dcf2"},
+    {file = "ipython-8.37.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ca815841e1a41a1e6b73a0b08f3038af9b2252564d01fc405356d34033012216"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+colorama = {version = "*", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
+decorator = "*"
+exceptiongroup = {version = "*", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+jedi = ">=0.16"
+matplotlib-inline = "*"
+pexpect = {version = ">4.3", markers = "sys_platform != \"win32\" and sys_platform != \"emscripten\""}
+prompt_toolkit = ">=3.0.41,<3.1.0"
+pygments = ">=2.4.0"
+stack_data = "*"
+traitlets = ">=5.13.0"
+typing_extensions = {version = ">=4.6", markers = "python_version < \"3.12\""}
+
+[package.extras]
+all = ["ipython[black,doc,kernel,matplotlib,nbconvert,nbformat,notebook,parallel,qtconsole]", "ipython[test,test-extra]"]
+black = ["black"]
+doc = ["docrepr", "exceptiongroup", "intersphinx_registry", "ipykernel", "ipython[test]", "matplotlib", "setuptools (>=18.5)", "sphinx (>=1.3)", "sphinx-rtd-theme", "sphinxcontrib-jquery", "tomli ; python_version < \"3.11\"", "typing_extensions"]
+kernel = ["ipykernel"]
+matplotlib = ["matplotlib"]
+nbconvert = ["nbconvert"]
+nbformat = ["nbformat"]
+notebook = ["ipywidgets", "notebook"]
+parallel = ["ipyparallel"]
+qtconsole = ["qtconsole"]
+test = ["packaging", "pickleshare", "pytest", "pytest-asyncio (<0.22)", "testpath"]
+test-extra = ["curio", "ipython[test]", "jupyter_ai", "matplotlib (!=3.2.0)", "nbformat", "numpy (>=1.23)", "pandas", "trio"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "jedi"
 version = "0.19.2"
@@ -1021,7 +1104,7 @@ description = "Pexpect allows easy control of interactive console applications."
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 groups = ["dev"]
-markers = "sys_platform != \"win32\""
+markers = "python_version == \"3.9\" and sys_platform != \"win32\" or sys_platform != \"win32\" and sys_platform != \"emscripten\""
 files = [
     {file = "pexpect-4.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7236d1e080e4936be2dc3e326cec0af72acf9212a7e1d060210e70a47e253523"},
     {file = "pexpect-4.9.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ee7d41123f3c9911050ea2c2dac107568dc43b2d3b0c7557a33212c398ead30f"},
@@ -1124,7 +1207,7 @@ description = "Run a subprocess in a pseudo terminal"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 groups = ["dev"]
-markers = "sys_platform != \"win32\""
+markers = "python_version == \"3.9\" and sys_platform != \"win32\" or sys_platform != \"win32\" and sys_platform != \"emscripten\""
 files = [
     {file = "ptyprocess-0.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4b41f3967fce3af57cc7e94b888626c18bf37a083e3651ca8feeb66d492fef35"},
     {file = "ptyprocess-0.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5c5d0a3b48ceee0b48485e0c26037c0acd7d29765ca3fbb5cb3831d347423220"},
@@ -1722,7 +1805,7 @@ files = [
     {file = "typing_extensions-4.14.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a1514509136dd0b477638fc68d6a91497af5076466ad0fa6c338e44e359944af"},
     {file = "typing_extensions-4.14.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:8676b788e32f02ab42d9e7c61324048ae4c6d844a399eebace3d4979d75ceef4"},
 ]
-markers = {main = "python_version < \"3.11\"", dev = "python_version < \"3.11\"", script = "python_version < \"3.11\"", test = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+markers = {main = "python_version < \"3.11\"", dev = "python_version < \"3.12\"", script = "python_version < \"3.11\"", test = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 
 [[package]]
 name = "urllib3"
@@ -1914,11 +1997,11 @@ description = "Backport of pathlib-compatible object wrapper for zip files"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main", "documentation"]
-markers = "python_version == \"3.9\""
 files = [
     {file = "zipp-3.22.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:fe208f65f2aca48b81f9e6fd8cf7b8b32c26375266b009b413d45306b6148343"},
     {file = "zipp-3.22.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:dd2f28c3ce4bc67507bfd3781d21b7bb2be31103b51a4553ad7d90b84e57ace5"},
 ]
+markers = {documentation = "python_version == \"3.9\""}
 
 [package.extras]
 check = ["pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-ruff (>=0.2.1) ; sys_platform != \"cygwin\""]
@@ -1931,4 +2014,4 @@ type = ["pytest-mypy"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = ">=3.9,<4.0"
-content-hash = "5e42ee6a3a2b13c6f277b29f063fd8d71bf89841b1564636dffe56f7c65c33b4"
+content-hash = "146cae2abe0cdb8a831b9ece0aa1ee98366e3e4e17ef734f0e7001c4eb7508b3"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index ac1eab66ca..144868e197 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ dependencies = [
     "typing-extensions (>=4.0.1,<5.0.0) ; python_version < '3.11'",
     "charset-normalizer (>=2.1.0,<4)",
     # Use the Python 3.11 and 3.12 compatible API: https://github.com/python/importlib_metadata#compatibility
-    "importlib_metadata (>=8.0.0,<9) ; python_version < '3.10'",
-
+    "importlib-metadata >=8.0.0,!=8.7.0,<9.0.0 ; python_version == '3.9'", # importlib-metadata@8.7.0 + python3.9 breaks our unit test
+    "importlib-metadata >=8.0.0,<9.0.0 ; python_version != '3.9'",
 ]
 keywords = ["commitizen", "conventional", "commits", "git"]
 # See also: https://pypi.org/classifiers/

From 636013e3c39c1d4a229b24270a2bc94450f534a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 May 2025 15:50:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 23/77] refactor(changelog): better typing, yield

---
 commitizen/changelog.py          | 33 +++++++++++++++++---------------
 commitizen/commands/changelog.py |  4 +++-
 tests/test_changelog.py          | 16 ++++++++--------
 3 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/changelog.py b/commitizen/changelog.py
index d8ab56069b..bac4d824f9 100644
--- a/commitizen/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/changelog.py
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@
 
 import re
 from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict
-from collections.abc import Iterable
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import date
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from jinja2 import (
     BaseLoader,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def generate_tree_from_commits(
     changelog_message_builder_hook: MessageBuilderHook | None = None,
     changelog_release_hook: ChangelogReleaseHook | None = None,
     rules: TagRules | None = None,
-) -> Iterable[dict]:
+) -> Generator[dict[str, Any], None, None]:
     pat = re.compile(changelog_pattern)
     map_pat = re.compile(commit_parser, re.MULTILINE)
     body_map_pat = re.compile(commit_parser, re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)
@@ -187,24 +187,27 @@ def process_commit_message(
             changes[change_type].append(msg)
 
 
-def order_changelog_tree(tree: Iterable, change_type_order: list[str]) -> Iterable:
+def generate_ordered_changelog_tree(
+    tree: Iterable[Mapping[str, Any]], change_type_order: list[str]
+) -> Generator[dict[str, Any], None, None]:
     if len(set(change_type_order)) != len(change_type_order):
         raise InvalidConfigurationError(
             f"Change types contain duplicated types ({change_type_order})"
         )
 
-    sorted_tree = []
     for entry in tree:
-        ordered_change_types = change_type_order + sorted(
-            set(entry["changes"].keys()) - set(change_type_order)
-        )
-        changes = [
-            (ct, entry["changes"][ct])
-            for ct in ordered_change_types
-            if ct in entry["changes"]
-        ]
-        sorted_tree.append({**entry, **{"changes": OrderedDict(changes)}})
-    return sorted_tree
+        yield {
+            **entry,
+            "changes": _calculate_sorted_changes(change_type_order, entry["changes"]),
+        }
+
+
+def _calculate_sorted_changes(
+    change_type_order: list[str], changes: Mapping[str, Any]
+) -> OrderedDict[str, Any]:
+    remaining_change_types = set(changes.keys()) - set(change_type_order)
+    sorted_change_types = change_type_order + sorted(remaining_change_types)
+    return OrderedDict((ct, changes[ct]) for ct in sorted_change_types if ct in changes)
 
 
 def get_changelog_template(loader: BaseLoader, template: str) -> Template:
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
index 9ab8fdc37c..7bf644a934 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
@@ -215,7 +215,9 @@ def __call__(self):
             rules=self.tag_rules,
         )
         if self.change_type_order:
-            tree = changelog.order_changelog_tree(tree, self.change_type_order)
+            tree = changelog.generate_ordered_changelog_tree(
+                tree, self.change_type_order
+            )
 
         extras = self.cz.template_extras.copy()
         extras.update(self.config.settings["extras"])
diff --git a/tests/test_changelog.py b/tests/test_changelog.py
index d42176f09a..ed90ed08e4 100644
--- a/tests/test_changelog.py
+++ b/tests/test_changelog.py
@@ -1215,26 +1215,26 @@ def test_generate_tree_from_commits_with_no_commits(tags):
         ),
     ),
 )
-def test_order_changelog_tree(change_type_order, expected_reordering):
-    tree = changelog.order_changelog_tree(COMMITS_TREE, change_type_order)
+def test_generate_ordered_changelog_tree(change_type_order, expected_reordering):
+    tree = changelog.generate_ordered_changelog_tree(COMMITS_TREE, change_type_order)
 
     for index, entry in enumerate(tuple(tree)):
-        version = tree[index]["version"]
+        version = entry["version"]
         if version in expected_reordering:
             # Verify that all keys are present
-            assert [*tree[index].keys()] == [*COMMITS_TREE[index].keys()]
+            assert [*entry.keys()] == [*COMMITS_TREE[index].keys()]
             # Verify that the reorder only impacted the returned dict and not the original
             expected = expected_reordering[version]
-            assert [*tree[index]["changes"].keys()] == expected["sorted"]
+            assert [*entry["changes"].keys()] == expected["sorted"]
             assert [*COMMITS_TREE[index]["changes"].keys()] == expected["original"]
         else:
-            assert [*entry["changes"].keys()] == [*tree[index]["changes"].keys()]
+            assert [*entry["changes"].keys()] == [*entry["changes"].keys()]
 
 
-def test_order_changelog_tree_raises():
+def test_generate_ordered_changelog_tree_raises():
     change_type_order = ["BREAKING CHANGE", "feat", "refactor", "feat"]
     with pytest.raises(InvalidConfigurationError) as excinfo:
-        changelog.order_changelog_tree(COMMITS_TREE, change_type_order)
+        list(changelog.generate_ordered_changelog_tree(COMMITS_TREE, change_type_order))
 
     assert "Change types contain duplicated types" in str(excinfo)
 

From b43498ee529f35f9b91ee016edb26d224e39cf15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gbaian10 <gbaian10@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 13:28:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 24/77] build(deps-dev): bump mypy to 1.16.0

---
 poetry.lock    | 2 +-
 pyproject.toml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 6a31d292fe..cbe0fb0e3c 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -2014,4 +2014,4 @@ type = ["pytest-mypy"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = ">=3.9,<4.0"
-content-hash = "146cae2abe0cdb8a831b9ece0aa1ee98366e3e4e17ef734f0e7001c4eb7508b3"
+content-hash = "6eea6e061a2ece897c2fb37b0b5116085057e6d97e1f22c0fcd4294fb0ad1dbf"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 144868e197..1a29ca6bf9 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ deprecated = "^1.2.13"
 [tool.poetry.group.linters.dependencies]
 ruff = ">=0.5.0,<0.10.0"
 pre-commit = ">=2.18,<5.0"
-mypy = "^1.15.0"
+mypy = "^1.16.0"
 types-deprecated = "^1.2.9.2"
 types-python-dateutil = "^2.8.19.13"
 types-PyYAML = ">=5.4.3,<7.0.0"

From 8b9f60fe0b15033aa7a8733ce750ac21fc39a290 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gbaian10 <gbaian10@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 13:28:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 25/77] refactor(mypy): remove `unused-ignore`

---
 commitizen/config/json_config.py | 2 +-
 commitizen/config/toml_config.py | 2 +-
 commitizen/config/yaml_config.py | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/config/json_config.py b/commitizen/config/json_config.py
index d413d73383..28fac25662 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/json_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/json_config.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class JsonConfig(BaseConfig):
     def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_empty_config = False
-        self.path = path  # type: ignore
+        self.path = path
         self._parse_setting(data)
 
     def init_empty_config_content(self):
diff --git a/commitizen/config/toml_config.py b/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
index e2cfcc9340..a7050214ba 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class TomlConfig(BaseConfig):
     def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_empty_config = False
-        self.path = path  # type: ignore
+        self.path = path
         self._parse_setting(data)
 
     def init_empty_config_content(self):
diff --git a/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py b/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
index c5721c8d4b..2c384cf17d 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class YAMLConfig(BaseConfig):
     def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
         super().__init__()
         self.is_empty_config = False
-        self.path = path  # type: ignore
+        self.path = path
         self._parse_setting(data)
 
     def init_empty_config_content(self):

From e838ddf833e0a5c1d12d9dd3594b2f370b754788 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gbaian10 <gbaian10@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 11:08:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 26/77] refactor(cli.py): add type hints

---
 commitizen/cli.py | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index deb5644d27..04a99e8c37 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from functools import partial
 from pathlib import Path
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
 
 import argcomplete
 from decli import cli
@@ -596,8 +596,33 @@ def parse_no_raise(comma_separated_no_raise: str) -> list[int]:
     return no_raise_codes
 
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    class Args(argparse.Namespace):
+        config: str | None = None
+        debug: bool = False
+        name: str | None = None
+        no_raise: str | None = None
+        report: bool = False
+        project: bool = False
+        commitizen: bool = False
+        verbose: bool = False
+        func: type[
+            commands.Init  # init
+            | commands.Commit  # commit (c)
+            | commands.ListCz  # ls
+            | commands.Example  # example
+            | commands.Info  # info
+            | commands.Schema  # schema
+            | commands.Bump  # bump
+            | commands.Changelog  # changelog (ch)
+            | commands.Check  # check
+            | commands.Version  # version
+        ]
+
+
 def main():
-    parser = cli(data)
+    parser: argparse.ArgumentParser = cli(data)
     argcomplete.autocomplete(parser)
     # Show help if no arg provided
     if len(sys.argv) == 1:
@@ -611,7 +636,7 @@ def main():
         # https://github.com/commitizen-tools/commitizen/issues/429
         # argparse raises TypeError when non exist command is provided on Python < 3.9
         # but raise SystemExit with exit code == 2 on Python 3.9
-        if isinstance(e, TypeError) or (isinstance(e, SystemExit) and e.code == 2):
+        if isinstance(e, TypeError) or e.code == 2:
             raise NoCommandFoundError()
         raise e
 
@@ -638,6 +663,7 @@ def main():
         arguments["extra_cli_args"] = extra_args
 
     conf = config.read_cfg(args.config)
+    args = cast("Args", args)
     if args.name:
         conf.update({"name": args.name})
     elif not conf.path:

From aa9e1ab047feb4ca4d47f090206a0202a97853a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gbaian10 <gbaian10@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 13:55:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 27/77] refactor: add comment clarifying `no_raise` parsing to
 `list[int]`

---
 commitizen/cli.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index 04a99e8c37..861ba578a9 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ class Args(argparse.Namespace):
         config: str | None = None
         debug: bool = False
         name: str | None = None
-        no_raise: str | None = None
+        no_raise: str | None = None  # comma-separated string, later parsed as list[int]
         report: bool = False
         project: bool = False
         commitizen: bool = False

From c83ed875be134e46bba36b71bf0b85c4a6b08c7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gbaian10 <gbaian10@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 14:24:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 28/77] refactor: remove `TypeError` handling since `Python
 >=3.9` is required

Since the project requires Python >=3.9, argparse only raises SystemExit
when non-existent commands are provided, making TypeError handling unnecessary.
---
 commitizen/cli.py | 7 ++-----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index 861ba578a9..d245f731e3 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -632,11 +632,8 @@ def main():
     # This is for the command required constraint in 2.0
     try:
         args, unknown_args = parser.parse_known_args()
-    except (TypeError, SystemExit) as e:
-        # https://github.com/commitizen-tools/commitizen/issues/429
-        # argparse raises TypeError when non exist command is provided on Python < 3.9
-        # but raise SystemExit with exit code == 2 on Python 3.9
-        if isinstance(e, TypeError) or e.code == 2:
+    except SystemExit as e:
+        if e.code == 2:
             raise NoCommandFoundError()
         raise e
 

From f21bf17676cf29803c60d5ba04312786fb9481d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2025 01:16:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 29/77] fix(deprecated): mark deprecate in v5

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py   | 2 +-
 commitizen/defaults.py        | 2 +-
 commitizen/version_schemes.py | 2 +-
 docs/commands/commit.md       | 2 +-
 tests/test_defaults.py        | 4 +---
 5 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index a2d98c2451..3f909d97cb 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict):
         if deprecated_version_type:
             warnings.warn(
                 DeprecationWarning(
-                    "`--version-type` parameter is deprecated and will be removed in commitizen 4. "
+                    "`--version-type` parameter is deprecated and will be removed in v5. "
                     "Please use `--version-scheme` instead"
                 )
             )
diff --git a/commitizen/defaults.py b/commitizen/defaults.py
index 10d55b8621..adbb9e6d1a 100644
--- a/commitizen/defaults.py
+++ b/commitizen/defaults.py
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
     if name in deprecated_vars:
         value, replacement = deprecated_vars[name]
         warnings.warn(
-            f"{name} is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
+            f"{name} is deprecated and will be removed in v5. "
             f"Use {replacement} instead.",
             DeprecationWarning,
             stacklevel=2,
diff --git a/commitizen/version_schemes.py b/commitizen/version_schemes.py
index d5370b2c6c..2a5f7dc6e0 100644
--- a/commitizen/version_schemes.py
+++ b/commitizen/version_schemes.py
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ def get_version_scheme(settings: Settings, name: str | None = None) -> VersionSc
     if deprecated_setting:
         warnings.warn(
             DeprecationWarning(
-                "`version_type` setting is deprecated and will be removed in commitizen 4. "
+                "`version_type` setting is deprecated and will be removed in v5. "
                 "Please use `version_scheme` instead"
             )
         )
diff --git a/docs/commands/commit.md b/docs/commands/commit.md
index 5a073a2644..be9d193b97 100644
--- a/docs/commands/commit.md
+++ b/docs/commands/commit.md
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ cz c -a -- -n            # Stage all changes and skip the pre-commit and commit-
 ```
 
 !!! warning
-    The `--signoff` option (or `-s`) is now recommended being used with the new syntax: `cz commit -- -s`. The old syntax `cz commit --signoff` is deprecated.
+    The `--signoff` option (or `-s`) is now recommended being used with the new syntax: `cz commit -- -s`. The old syntax `cz commit --signoff` is deprecated and will be removed in v5.
 
 ### Retry
 
diff --git a/tests/test_defaults.py b/tests/test_defaults.py
index 2298068662..73cd35b80c 100644
--- a/tests/test_defaults.py
+++ b/tests/test_defaults.py
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ def test_getattr_deprecated_vars():
     # Verify warning messages
     assert len(record) == 7
     for warning in record:
-        assert "is deprecated and will be removed in a future version" in str(
-            warning.message
-        )
+        assert "is deprecated and will be removed" in str(warning.message)
 
 
 def test_getattr_non_existent():

From dcd8eb57bbe696ced3344add3262c9ab676e8030 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gbaian10 <gbaian10@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 15:25:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 30/77] build(deps-dev): bump ruff

---
 poetry.lock    | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 pyproject.toml |  3 ++-
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index cbe0fb0e3c..f9f74513a8 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -1574,30 +1574,30 @@ jupyter = ["ipywidgets (>=7.5.1,<9)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.9.10"
+version = "0.11.13"
 description = "An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 groups = ["linters"]
 files = [
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-linux_armv6l.whl", hash = "sha256:eb4d25532cfd9fe461acc83498361ec2e2252795b4f40b17e80692814329e42d"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:188a6638dab1aa9bb6228a7302387b2c9954e455fb25d6b4470cb0641d16759d"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:5284dcac6b9dbc2fcb71fdfc26a217b2ca4ede6ccd57476f52a587451ebe450d"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:47678f39fa2a3da62724851107f438c8229a3470f533894b5568a39b40029c0c"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_armv7l.manylinux2014_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:99713a6e2766b7a17147b309e8c915b32b07a25c9efd12ada79f217c9c778b3e"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:524ee184d92f7c7304aa568e2db20f50c32d1d0caa235d8ddf10497566ea1a12"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64.manylinux2014_ppc64.whl", hash = "sha256:df92aeac30af821f9acf819fc01b4afc3dfb829d2782884f8739fb52a8119a16"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:de42e4edc296f520bb84954eb992a07a0ec5a02fecb834498415908469854a52"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:d257f95b65806104b6b1ffca0ea53f4ef98454036df65b1eda3693534813ecd1"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:b60dec7201c0b10d6d11be00e8f2dbb6f40ef1828ee75ed739923799513db24c"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:d838b60007da7a39c046fcdd317293d10b845001f38bcb55ba766c3875b01e43"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:ccaf903108b899beb8e09a63ffae5869057ab649c1e9231c05ae354ebc62066c"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:f9567d135265d46e59d62dc60c0bfad10e9a6822e231f5b24032dba5a55be6b5"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:5f202f0d93738c28a89f8ed9eaba01b7be339e5d8d642c994347eaa81c6d75b8"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:bfb834e87c916521ce46b1788fbb8484966e5113c02df216680102e9eb960029"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:f2160eeef3031bf4b17df74e307d4c5fb689a6f3a26a2de3f7ef4044e3c484f1"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:5fd804c0327a5e5ea26615550e706942f348b197d5475ff34c19733aee4b2e69"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.9.10.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9bacb735d7bada9cfb0f2c227d3658fc443d90a727b47f206fb33f52f3c0eac7"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-linux_armv6l.whl", hash = "sha256:4bdfbf1240533f40042ec00c9e09a3aade6f8c10b6414cf11b519488d2635d46"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:aef9c9ed1b5ca28bb15c7eac83b8670cf3b20b478195bd49c8d756ba0a36cf48"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:53b15a9dfdce029c842e9a5aebc3855e9ab7771395979ff85b7c1dedb53ddc2b"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:ab153241400789138d13f362c43f7edecc0edfffce2afa6a68434000ecd8f69a"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_armv7l.manylinux2014_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:6c51f93029d54a910d3d24f7dd0bb909e31b6cd989a5e4ac513f4eb41629f0dc"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:1808b3ed53e1a777c2ef733aca9051dc9bf7c99b26ece15cb59a0320fbdbd629"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64.manylinux2014_ppc64.whl", hash = "sha256:d28ce58b5ecf0f43c1b71edffabe6ed7f245d5336b17805803312ec9bc665933"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:55e4bc3a77842da33c16d55b32c6cac1ec5fb0fbec9c8c513bdce76c4f922165"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:633bf2c6f35678c56ec73189ba6fa19ff1c5e4807a78bf60ef487b9dd272cc71"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:4ffbc82d70424b275b089166310448051afdc6e914fdab90e08df66c43bb5ca9"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:4a9ddd3ec62a9a89578c85842b836e4ac832d4a2e0bfaad3b02243f930ceafcc"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:d237a496e0778d719efb05058c64d28b757c77824e04ffe8796c7436e26712b7"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:26816a218ca6ef02142343fd24c70f7cd8c5aa6c203bca284407adf675984432"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:51c3f95abd9331dc5b87c47ac7f376db5616041173826dfd556cfe3d4977f492"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:96c27935418e4e8e77a26bb05962817f28b8ef3843a6c6cc49d8783b5507f250"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:29c3189895a8a6a657b7af4e97d330c8a3afd2c9c8f46c81e2fc5a31866517e3"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:b4385285e9179d608ff1d2fb9922062663c658605819a6876d8beef0c30b7f3b"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.11.13.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:26fa247dc68d1d4e72c179e08889a25ac0c7ba4d78aecfc835d49cbfd60bf514"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2014,4 +2014,4 @@ type = ["pytest-mypy"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = ">=3.9,<4.0"
-content-hash = "6eea6e061a2ece897c2fb37b0b5116085057e6d97e1f22c0fcd4294fb0ad1dbf"
+content-hash = "10e298e9b4d2f2d81a82b43649a68d557ed3e9824b3b210b5b6a607935f9fe9d"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 1a29ca6bf9..d1e89cbed0 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ pytest-xdist = "^3.1.0"
 deprecated = "^1.2.13"
 
 [tool.poetry.group.linters.dependencies]
-ruff = ">=0.5.0,<0.10.0"
+ruff = "^0.11.5"
 pre-commit = ">=2.18,<5.0"
 mypy = "^1.16.0"
 types-deprecated = "^1.2.9.2"
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ commands_pre = [["poetry", "install", "--only", "main,test"]]
 commands = [["pytest", { replace = "posargs", extend = true }]]
 
 [tool.ruff]
+required-version = ">=0.11.5"
 line-length = 88
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]

From 0b7f8ffbe070c8d70a87fdfb6454e53c92bc4171 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gbaian10 <gbaian10@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 15:30:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 31/77] style(ruff): resolve F401

---
 commitizen/version_schemes.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/version_schemes.py b/commitizen/version_schemes.py
index 2a5f7dc6e0..96a68b05fd 100644
--- a/commitizen/version_schemes.py
+++ b/commitizen/version_schemes.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 else:
     import importlib_metadata as metadata
 
-from packaging.version import InvalidVersion  # noqa: F401: expose the common exception
+from packaging.version import InvalidVersion  # noqa: F401 (expose the common exception)
 from packaging.version import Version as _BaseVersion
 
 from commitizen.defaults import MAJOR, MINOR, PATCH, Settings

From 6abfb507da9df90ab2ce35c517733060bdb86d57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gbaian10 <gbaian10@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 15:40:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 32/77] build(ruff): add RUF022 & RUF100 rules

---
 pyproject.toml | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index d1e89cbed0..757c72bc0a 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -195,6 +195,10 @@ select = [
     "UP",
     # isort
     "I",
+    # unsorted-dunder-all
+    "RUF022",
+    # unused-noqa
+    "RUF100",
 ]
 ignore = ["E501", "D1", "D415"]
 

From 76cd0c360e8ece0d02fbb67cd7844f3009a1709c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gbaian10 <gbaian10@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 15:41:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 33/77] style(ruff): run `ruff check --fix`

Auto fix RUF022 and RUF100
---
 commitizen/commands/__init__.py                            | 4 ++--
 commitizen/commands/bump.py                                | 2 +-
 commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py | 2 +-
 commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py                                 | 2 +-
 commitizen/providers/__init__.py                           | 2 +-
 tests/conftest.py                                          | 2 +-
 tests/test_bump_find_increment.py                          | 4 ++--
 tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py                      | 4 ++--
 8 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/__init__.py b/commitizen/commands/__init__.py
index 806e384522..58b18297dc 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/__init__.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/__init__.py
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@
 
 __all__ = (
     "Bump",
+    "Changelog",
     "Check",
     "Commit",
-    "Changelog",
     "Example",
     "Info",
+    "Init",
     "ListCz",
     "Schema",
     "Version",
-    "Init",
 )
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index 3f909d97cb..9556492499 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def find_increment(self, commits: list[git.GitCommit]) -> Increment | None:
             )
         return bump.find_increment(commits, regex=bump_pattern, increments_map=bump_map)
 
-    def __call__(self) -> None:  # noqa: C901
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
         """Steps executed to bump."""
         provider = get_provider(self.config)
 
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
index 9a2b9016b7..ff79119886 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class ConventionalCommitsCz(BaseCommitizen):
     bump_pattern = defaults.BUMP_PATTERN
     bump_map = defaults.BUMP_MAP
     bump_map_major_version_zero = defaults.BUMP_MAP_MAJOR_VERSION_ZERO
-    commit_parser = r"^((?P<change_type>feat|fix|refactor|perf|BREAKING CHANGE)(?:\((?P<scope>[^()\r\n]*)\)|\()?(?P<breaking>!)?|\w+!):\s(?P<message>.*)?"  # noqa
+    commit_parser = r"^((?P<change_type>feat|fix|refactor|perf|BREAKING CHANGE)(?:\((?P<scope>[^()\r\n]*)\)|\()?(?P<breaking>!)?|\w+!):\s(?P<message>.*)?"
     change_type_map = {
         "feat": "Feat",
         "fix": "Fix",
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py b/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
index f43de2177c..05e23e1690 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def example(self) -> str:
         )
 
     def schema(self) -> str:
-        return "<ignored text> <ISSUE_KEY> <ignored text> #<COMMAND> <optional COMMAND_ARGUMENTS>"  # noqa
+        return "<ignored text> <ISSUE_KEY> <ignored text> #<COMMAND> <optional COMMAND_ARGUMENTS>"
 
     def schema_pattern(self) -> str:
         return r".*[A-Z]{2,}\-[0-9]+( #| .* #).+( #.+)*"
diff --git a/commitizen/providers/__init__.py b/commitizen/providers/__init__.py
index 9cf4ce5927..3e01fe22f8 100644
--- a/commitizen/providers/__init__.py
+++ b/commitizen/providers/__init__.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 from commitizen.providers.uv_provider import UvProvider
 
 __all__ = [
-    "get_provider",
     "CargoProvider",
     "CommitizenProvider",
     "ComposerProvider",
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@
     "PoetryProvider",
     "ScmProvider",
     "UvProvider",
+    "get_provider",
 ]
 
 PROVIDER_ENTRYPOINT = "commitizen.provider"
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 60c586f2e6..1b49dcbfaa 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class SemverCommitizen(BaseCommitizen):
         "patch": "PATCH",
     }
     changelog_pattern = r"^(patch|minor|major)"
-    commit_parser = r"^(?P<change_type>patch|minor|major)(?:\((?P<scope>[^()\r\n]*)\)|\()?:?\s(?P<message>.+)"  # noqa
+    commit_parser = r"^(?P<change_type>patch|minor|major)(?:\((?P<scope>[^()\r\n]*)\)|\()?:?\s(?P<message>.+)"
     change_type_map = {
         "major": "Breaking Changes",
         "minor": "Features",
diff --git a/tests/test_bump_find_increment.py b/tests/test_bump_find_increment.py
index ff24ff17a7..77e11c78c7 100644
--- a/tests/test_bump_find_increment.py
+++ b/tests/test_bump_find_increment.py
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@
 MAJOR_INCREMENTS_BREAKING_CHANGE_CC = [
     "feat(cli): added version",
     "docs(README): motivation",
-    "BREAKING CHANGE: `extends` key in config file is now used for extending other config files",  # noqa
+    "BREAKING CHANGE: `extends` key in config file is now used for extending other config files",
     "fix(setup.py): future is now required for every python version",
 ]
 
 MAJOR_INCREMENTS_BREAKING_CHANGE_ALT_CC = [
     "feat(cli): added version",
     "docs(README): motivation",
-    "BREAKING-CHANGE: `extends` key in config file is now used for extending other config files",  # noqa
+    "BREAKING-CHANGE: `extends` key in config file is now used for extending other config files",
     "fix(setup.py): future is now required for every python version",
 ]
 
diff --git a/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py b/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py
index 6d4e0f7435..7863e2f38c 100644
--- a/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py
+++ b/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def test_long_answer(config):
     message = conventional_commits.message(answers)
     assert (
         message
-        == "fix(users): email pattern corrected\n\ncomplete content\n\ncloses #24"  # noqa
+        == "fix(users): email pattern corrected\n\ncomplete content\n\ncloses #24"
     )
 
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def test_breaking_change_in_footer(config):
     print(message)
     assert (
         message
-        == "fix(users): email pattern corrected\n\ncomplete content\n\nBREAKING CHANGE: migrate by renaming user to users"  # noqa
+        == "fix(users): email pattern corrected\n\ncomplete content\n\nBREAKING CHANGE: migrate by renaming user to users"
     )
 
 

From 1a0d288140596cdf305d9fe29c6686713ebcb46d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 12:10:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 34/77] refactor(BaseCommitizen): remove unused process_commit

---
 commitizen/cz/base.py                         |  7 ------
 .../conventional_commits.py                   |  6 -----
 tests/test_cz_base.py                         |  6 -----
 tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py         | 23 -------------------
 4 files changed, 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cz/base.py b/commitizen/cz/base.py
index 43455a74ca..7463a67c24 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/base.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/base.py
@@ -99,10 +99,3 @@ def schema_pattern(self) -> str:
     def info(self) -> str:
         """Information about the standardized commit message."""
         raise NotImplementedError("Not Implemented yet")
-
-    def process_commit(self, commit: str) -> str:
-        """Process commit for changelog.
-
-        If not overwritten, it returns the first line of commit.
-        """
-        return commit.split("\n")[0]
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
index ff79119886..320aa9b324 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import os
-import re
 
 from commitizen import defaults
 from commitizen.cz.base import BaseCommitizen
@@ -198,8 +197,3 @@ def info(self) -> str:
         filepath = os.path.join(dir_path, "conventional_commits_info.txt")
         with open(filepath, encoding=self.config.settings["encoding"]) as f:
             return f.read()
-
-    def process_commit(self, commit: str) -> str:
-        if m := re.match(self.schema_pattern(), commit):
-            return m.group(3).strip()
-        return ""
diff --git a/tests/test_cz_base.py b/tests/test_cz_base.py
index 4ee1cc6eda..be93b4ca0f 100644
--- a/tests/test_cz_base.py
+++ b/tests/test_cz_base.py
@@ -42,9 +42,3 @@ def test_info(config):
     cz = DummyCz(config)
     with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
         cz.info()
-
-
-def test_process_commit(config):
-    cz = DummyCz(config)
-    message = cz.process_commit("test(test_scope): this is test msg")
-    assert message == "test(test_scope): this is test msg"
diff --git a/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py b/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py
index 7863e2f38c..89653f4c63 100644
--- a/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py
+++ b/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py
@@ -130,26 +130,3 @@ def test_info(config):
     conventional_commits = ConventionalCommitsCz(config)
     info = conventional_commits.info()
     assert isinstance(info, str)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("commit_message", "expected_message"),
-    [
-        (
-            "test(test_scope): this is test msg",
-            "this is test msg",
-        ),
-        (
-            "test(test_scope)!: this is test msg",
-            "this is test msg",
-        ),
-        (
-            "test!(test_scope): this is test msg",
-            "",
-        ),
-    ],
-)
-def test_process_commit(commit_message, expected_message, config):
-    conventional_commits = ConventionalCommitsCz(config)
-    message = conventional_commits.process_commit(commit_message)
-    assert message == expected_message

From 7540bcfabef7a46e0b3ea59a58e997b6e8437038 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 May 2025 22:13:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 35/77] style(tags): improve types

---
 commitizen/tags.py | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/tags.py b/commitizen/tags.py
index c5f06884fe..4231e0053e 100644
--- a/commitizen/tags.py
+++ b/commitizen/tags.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import re
 import warnings
-from collections.abc import Sequence
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from functools import cached_property
 from string import Template
@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ class TagRules:
     merge_prereleases: bool = False
 
     @cached_property
-    def version_regexes(self) -> Sequence[re.Pattern]:
+    def version_regexes(self) -> list[re.Pattern]:
         """Regexes for all legit tag formats, current and legacy"""
         tag_formats = [self.tag_format, *self.legacy_tag_formats]
         regexes = (self._format_regex(p) for p in tag_formats)
         return [re.compile(r) for r in regexes]
 
     @cached_property
-    def ignored_regexes(self) -> Sequence[re.Pattern]:
+    def ignored_regexes(self) -> list[re.Pattern]:
         """Regexes for known but ignored tag formats"""
         regexes = (self._format_regex(p, star=True) for p in self.ignored_tag_formats)
         return [re.compile(r) for r in regexes]
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ def is_ignored_tag(self, tag: str | GitTag) -> bool:
         return any(regex.match(tag) for regex in self.ignored_regexes)
 
     def get_version_tags(
-        self, tags: Sequence[GitTag], warn: bool = False
-    ) -> Sequence[GitTag]:
+        self, tags: Iterable[GitTag], warn: bool = False
+    ) -> list[GitTag]:
         """Filter in version tags and warn on unexpected tags"""
         return [tag for tag in tags if self.is_version_tag(tag, warn)]
 
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ def normalize_tag(
         )
 
     def find_tag_for(
-        self, tags: Sequence[GitTag], version: Version | str
+        self, tags: Iterable[GitTag], version: Version | str
     ) -> GitTag | None:
         """Find the first matching tag for a given version."""
         version = self.scheme(version) if isinstance(version, str) else version

From 93c98b00f6b1139199c35f13be45895a73e6951f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 May 2025 22:18:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 36/77] perf(tags): use set

---
 commitizen/tags.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/tags.py b/commitizen/tags.py
index 4231e0053e..b19bb89e09 100644
--- a/commitizen/tags.py
+++ b/commitizen/tags.py
@@ -240,11 +240,11 @@ def find_tag_for(
     ) -> GitTag | None:
         """Find the first matching tag for a given version."""
         version = self.scheme(version) if isinstance(version, str) else version
-        possible_tags = [
+        possible_tags = set(
             self.normalize_tag(version, f)
             for f in (self.tag_format, *self.legacy_tag_formats)
-        ]
-        candidates = [t for t in tags if any(t.name == p for p in possible_tags)]
+        )
+        candidates = [t for t in tags if t.name in possible_tags]
         if len(candidates) > 1:
             warnings.warn(
                 UserWarning(

From e36febf315a332a734f28a9213ded7bed6f5ae64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 May 2025 23:20:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 37/77] refactor: fix mypy output and better type

---
 commitizen/changelog.py                       | 10 ++++----
 commitizen/cli.py                             | 14 +++++++----
 commitizen/cmd.py                             |  5 ++--
 commitizen/commands/changelog.py              | 24 ++++++++++---------
 commitizen/commands/check.py                  | 10 ++++----
 commitizen/commands/commit.py                 | 14 +++++++----
 commitizen/commands/info.py                   |  4 ++--
 commitizen/commands/init.py                   |  8 +++----
 commitizen/commands/list_cz.py                |  4 ++--
 commitizen/commands/version.py                |  6 +++--
 commitizen/config/base_config.py              |  2 +-
 .../conventional_commits.py                   |  4 ++--
 commitizen/cz/utils.py                        |  5 ++--
 commitizen/exceptions.py                      |  7 +++---
 commitizen/git.py                             | 20 +++++++++-------
 commitizen/out.py                             |  7 +++---
 tests/test_git.py                             |  7 ++++++
 17 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/changelog.py b/commitizen/changelog.py
index bac4d824f9..6526b4c540 100644
--- a/commitizen/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/changelog.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 import re
 from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict
-from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import date
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ def render_changelog(
     tree: Iterable,
     loader: BaseLoader,
     template: str,
-    **kwargs,
+    **kwargs: Any,
 ) -> str:
     jinja_template = get_changelog_template(loader, template)
     changelog: str = jinja_template.render(tree=tree, **kwargs)
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ def incremental_build(
 
 
 def get_smart_tag_range(
-    tags: list[GitTag], newest: str, oldest: str | None = None
+    tags: Sequence[GitTag], newest: str, oldest: str | None = None
 ) -> list[GitTag]:
     """Smart because it finds the N+1 tag.
 
@@ -308,10 +308,10 @@ def get_smart_tag_range(
 
 
 def get_oldest_and_newest_rev(
-    tags: list[GitTag],
+    tags: Sequence[GitTag],
     version: str,
     rules: TagRules,
-) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
+) -> tuple[str | None, str]:
     """Find the tags for the given version.
 
     `version` may come in different formats:
diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index d245f731e3..9998691f41 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def __call__(
         namespace: argparse.Namespace,
         kwarg: str | Sequence[Any] | None,
         option_string: str | None = None,
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         if not isinstance(kwarg, str):
             return
         if "=" not in kwarg:
@@ -550,8 +550,12 @@ def __call__(
 
 
 def commitizen_excepthook(
-    type, value, traceback, debug=False, no_raise: list[int] | None = None
-):
+    type: type[BaseException],
+    value: BaseException,
+    traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    debug: bool = False,
+    no_raise: list[int] | None = None,
+) -> None:
     traceback = traceback if isinstance(traceback, TracebackType) else None
     if not isinstance(value, CommitizenException):
         original_excepthook(type, value, traceback)
@@ -581,7 +585,7 @@ def parse_no_raise(comma_separated_no_raise: str) -> list[int]:
     represents the exit code found in exceptions.
     """
     no_raise_items: list[str] = comma_separated_no_raise.split(",")
-    no_raise_codes = []
+    no_raise_codes: list[int] = []
     for item in no_raise_items:
         if item.isdecimal():
             no_raise_codes.append(int(item))
@@ -621,7 +625,7 @@ class Args(argparse.Namespace):
         ]
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     parser: argparse.ArgumentParser = cli(data)
     argcomplete.autocomplete(parser)
     # Show help if no arg provided
diff --git a/commitizen/cmd.py b/commitizen/cmd.py
index ba48ac7881..9d6b2f6d2a 100644
--- a/commitizen/cmd.py
+++ b/commitizen/cmd.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
-from typing import NamedTuple
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import NamedTuple, Union
 
 from charset_normalizer import from_bytes
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ def _try_decode(bytes_: bytes) -> str:
             raise CharacterSetDecodeError() from e
 
 
-def run(cmd: str, env=None) -> Command:
+def run(cmd: str, env: Union[Mapping[str, str], None] = None) -> Command:
     if env is not None:
         env = {**os.environ, **env}
     process = subprocess.Popen(
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
index 7bf644a934..181531dee2 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 
 import os
 import os.path
-from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping
 from difflib import SequenceMatcher
 from operator import itemgetter
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from commitizen import changelog, defaults, factory, git, out
 from commitizen.changelog_formats import get_changelog_format
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@
 class Changelog:
     """Generate a changelog based on the commit history."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args: Mapping[str, Any]):
         if not git.is_git_project():
             raise NotAGitProjectError()
 
@@ -76,10 +77,11 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args):
         self.change_type_map = (
             self.config.settings.get("change_type_map") or self.cz.change_type_map
         )
-        self.change_type_order = (
+        self.change_type_order = cast(
+            list[str],
             self.config.settings.get("change_type_order")
             or self.cz.change_type_order
-            or defaults.CHANGE_TYPE_ORDER
+            or defaults.CHANGE_TYPE_ORDER,
         )
         self.rev_range = args.get("rev_range")
         self.tag_format: str = (
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args):
         self.extras = args.get("extras") or {}
         self.export_template_to = args.get("export_template")
 
-    def _find_incremental_rev(self, latest_version: str, tags: list[GitTag]) -> str:
+    def _find_incremental_rev(self, latest_version: str, tags: Iterable[GitTag]) -> str:
         """Try to find the 'start_rev'.
 
         We use a similarity approach. We know how to parse the version from the markdown
@@ -151,18 +153,18 @@ def write_changelog(
 
             changelog_file.write(changelog_out)
 
-    def export_template(self):
+    def export_template(self) -> None:
         tpl = changelog.get_changelog_template(self.cz.template_loader, self.template)
-        src = Path(tpl.filename)
-        Path(self.export_template_to).write_text(src.read_text())
+        src = Path(tpl.filename)  # type: ignore
+        Path(self.export_template_to).write_text(src.read_text())  # type: ignore
 
-    def __call__(self):
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
         commit_parser = self.cz.commit_parser
         changelog_pattern = self.cz.changelog_pattern
         start_rev = self.start_rev
         unreleased_version = self.unreleased_version
         changelog_meta = changelog.Metadata()
-        change_type_map: dict | None = self.change_type_map
+        change_type_map: dict[str, str] | None = self.change_type_map  # type: ignore
         changelog_message_builder_hook: MessageBuilderHook | None = (
             self.cz.changelog_message_builder_hook
         )
@@ -190,7 +192,7 @@ def __call__(self):
             changelog_meta = self.changelog_format.get_metadata(self.file_name)
             if changelog_meta.latest_version:
                 start_rev = self._find_incremental_rev(
-                    strip_local_version(changelog_meta.latest_version_tag), tags
+                    strip_local_version(changelog_meta.latest_version_tag or ""), tags
                 )
         if self.rev_range:
             start_rev, end_rev = changelog.get_oldest_and_newest_rev(
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/check.py b/commitizen/commands/check.py
index 1e3b8464e1..6cf91bb926 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/check.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/check.py
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 class Check:
     """Check if the current commit msg matches the commitizen format."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict[str, Any], cwd=os.getcwd()):
+    def __init__(
+        self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict[str, Any], cwd: str = os.getcwd()
+    ):
         """Initial check command.
 
         Args:
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict[str, Any], cwd=os.getcwd(
         self.encoding = config.settings["encoding"]
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
 
-    def _valid_command_argument(self):
+    def _valid_command_argument(self) -> None:
         num_exclusive_args_provided = sum(
             arg is not None
             for arg in (self.commit_msg_file, self.commit_msg, self.rev_range)
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ def _valid_command_argument(self):
                 "See 'cz check -h' for more information"
             )
 
-    def __call__(self):
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
         """Validate if commit messages follows the conventional pattern.
 
         Raises:
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ def _get_commit_message(self) -> str | None:
             # Get commit message from file (--commit-msg-file)
             return commit_file.read()
 
-    def _get_commits(self):
+    def _get_commits(self) -> list[git.GitCommit]:
         if (msg := self._get_commit_message()) is not None:
             return [git.GitCommit(rev="", title="", body=self._filter_comments(msg))]
 
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/commit.py b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
index eedf77e079..3e7a850a05 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/commit.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Union, cast
 
 import questionary
 
@@ -105,11 +107,13 @@ def _get_message(self) -> str:
             return self.read_backup_message() or self.prompt_commit_questions()
         return self.prompt_commit_questions()
 
-    def __call__(self):
-        extra_args: str = self.arguments.get("extra_cli_args", "")
-        dry_run: bool = self.arguments.get("dry_run")
-        write_message_to_file: bool = self.arguments.get("write_message_to_file")
-        signoff: bool = self.arguments.get("signoff")
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
+        extra_args = cast(str, self.arguments.get("extra_cli_args", ""))
+        dry_run = cast(bool, self.arguments.get("dry_run"))
+        write_message_to_file = cast(
+            Union[Path, None], self.arguments.get("write_message_to_file")
+        )
+        signoff = cast(bool, self.arguments.get("signoff"))
 
         if self.arguments.get("all"):
             git.add("-u")
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/info.py b/commitizen/commands/info.py
index abd4197e7f..5b649ceb5d 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/info.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/info.py
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 class Info:
     """Show in depth explanation of your rules."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object):
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
 
-    def __call__(self):
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
         out.write(self.cz.info())
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/init.py b/commitizen/commands/init.py
index 0eb3d99d17..a7e1b56665 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/init.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/init.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ def _ask_tag(self) -> str:
                 raise NoAnswersError("Tag is required!")
         return latest_tag
 
-    def _ask_tag_format(self, latest_tag) -> str:
+    def _ask_tag_format(self, latest_tag: str) -> str:
         is_correct_format = False
         if latest_tag.startswith("v"):
             tag_format = r"v$version"
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ def _ask_update_changelog_on_bump(self) -> bool:
         ).unsafe_ask()
         return update_changelog_on_bump
 
-    def _exec_install_pre_commit_hook(self, hook_types: list[str]):
+    def _exec_install_pre_commit_hook(self, hook_types: list[str]) -> None:
         cmd_str = self._gen_pre_commit_cmd(hook_types)
         c = cmd.run(cmd_str)
         if c.return_code != 0:
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ def _gen_pre_commit_cmd(self, hook_types: list[str]) -> str:
         )
         return cmd_str
 
-    def _install_pre_commit_hook(self, hook_types: list[str] | None = None):
+    def _install_pre_commit_hook(self, hook_types: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
         pre_commit_config_filename = ".pre-commit-config.yaml"
         cz_hook_config = {
             "repo": "https://github.com/commitizen-tools/commitizen",
@@ -369,6 +369,6 @@ def _install_pre_commit_hook(self, hook_types: list[str] | None = None):
         self._exec_install_pre_commit_hook(hook_types)
         out.write("commitizen pre-commit hook is now installed in your '.git'\n")
 
-    def _update_config_file(self, values: dict[str, Any]):
+    def _update_config_file(self, values: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         for key, value in values.items():
             self.config.set_key(key, value)
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/list_cz.py b/commitizen/commands/list_cz.py
index 99701865af..ff4e12ad44 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/list_cz.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/list_cz.py
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 class ListCz:
     """List currently installed rules."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object):
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
 
-    def __call__(self):
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
         out.write("\n".join(registry.keys()))
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/version.py b/commitizen/commands/version.py
index 45d553c710..55d0a950a3 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/version.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/version.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import platform
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
 
 from commitizen import out
 from commitizen.__version__ import __version__
@@ -10,13 +12,13 @@
 class Version:
     """Get the version of the installed commitizen or the current project."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: Mapping[str, Any]):
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.parameter = args[0]
         self.operating_system = platform.system()
         self.python_version = sys.version
 
-    def __call__(self):
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
         if self.parameter.get("report"):
             out.write(f"Commitizen Version: {__version__}")
             out.write(f"Python Version: {self.python_version}")
diff --git a/commitizen/config/base_config.py b/commitizen/config/base_config.py
index fd034412fe..587b72aee6 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/base_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/base_config.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 
 class BaseConfig:
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         self._settings: Settings = DEFAULT_SETTINGS.copy()
         self.encoding = self.settings["encoding"]
         self._path: Path | None = None
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
index 320aa9b324..5b4889114f 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 __all__ = ["ConventionalCommitsCz"]
 
 
-def parse_scope(text):
+def parse_scope(text: str) -> str:
     if not text:
         return ""
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def parse_scope(text):
     return "-".join(scope)
 
 
-def parse_subject(text):
+def parse_subject(text: str) -> str:
     if isinstance(text, str):
         text = text.strip(".").strip()
 
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/utils.py b/commitizen/cz/utils.py
index cb79d65d1a..430bda2d43 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/utils.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/utils.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import re
 import tempfile
+from typing import Union
 
 from commitizen import git
 from commitizen.cz import exceptions
@@ -8,13 +9,13 @@
 _RE_LOCAL_VERSION = re.compile(r"\+.+")
 
 
-def required_validator(answer, msg=None):
+def required_validator(answer: str, msg: Union[str, None] = None) -> str:
     if not answer:
         raise exceptions.AnswerRequiredError(msg)
     return answer
 
 
-def multiple_line_breaker(answer, sep="|"):
+def multiple_line_breaker(answer: str, sep: str = "|") -> str:
     return "\n".join(line.strip() for line in answer.split(sep) if line)
 
 
diff --git a/commitizen/exceptions.py b/commitizen/exceptions.py
index 29733b624b..87efabe2ab 100644
--- a/commitizen/exceptions.py
+++ b/commitizen/exceptions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import enum
+from typing import Any
 
 from commitizen import out
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ class ExitCode(enum.IntEnum):
 
 
 class CommitizenException(Exception):
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, *args: str, **kwargs: Any):
         self.output_method = kwargs.get("output_method") or out.error
         self.exit_code: ExitCode = self.__class__.exit_code
         if args:
@@ -50,14 +51,14 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         else:
             self.message = ""
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.message
 
 
 class ExpectedExit(CommitizenException):
     exit_code = ExitCode.EXPECTED_EXIT
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, *args: str, **kwargs: Any):
         output_method = kwargs.get("output_method") or out.write
         kwargs["output_method"] = output_method
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index ab2866ac48..48fa13ec52 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -46,15 +46,15 @@ class GitObject:
     name: str
     date: str
 
-    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         return hasattr(other, "rev") and self.rev == other.rev
 
 
 class GitCommit(GitObject):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        rev,
-        title,
+        rev: str,
+        title: str,
         body: str = "",
         author: str = "",
         author_email: str = "",
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.parents = parents or []
 
     @property
-    def message(self):
+    def message(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.title}\n\n{self.body}".strip()
 
     @classmethod
@@ -127,23 +127,27 @@ def from_rev_and_commit(cls, rev_and_commit: str) -> GitCommit:
             parents=[p for p in parents.strip().split(" ") if p],
         )
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.title} ({self.rev})"
 
 
 class GitTag(GitObject):
-    def __init__(self, name, rev, date):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, rev: str, date: str):
         self.rev = rev.strip()
         self.name = name.strip()
         self._date = date.strip()
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"GitTag('{self.name}', '{self.rev}', '{self.date}')"
 
     @property
-    def date(self):
+    def date(self) -> str:
         return self._date
 
+    @date.setter
+    def date(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._date = value
+
     @classmethod
     def from_line(cls, line: str, inner_delimiter: str) -> GitTag:
         name, objectname, date, obj = line.split(inner_delimiter)
diff --git a/commitizen/out.py b/commitizen/out.py
index 40342e9de5..1bbfe4329d 100644
--- a/commitizen/out.py
+++ b/commitizen/out.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import io
 import sys
+from typing import Any
 
 from termcolor import colored
 
@@ -8,12 +9,12 @@
         sys.stdout.reconfigure(encoding="utf-8")
 
 
-def write(value: str, *args) -> None:
+def write(value: str, *args: object) -> None:
     """Intended to be used when value is multiline."""
     print(value, *args)
 
 
-def line(value: str, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+def line(value: str, *args: object, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
     """Wrapper in case I want to do something different later."""
     print(value, *args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ def info(value: str) -> None:
     line(message)
 
 
-def diagnostic(value: str):
+def diagnostic(value: str) -> None:
     line(value, file=sys.stderr)
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_git.py b/tests/test_git.py
index 3fecaabafd..e242b3a2ae 100644
--- a/tests/test_git.py
+++ b/tests/test_git.py
@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@
 )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("date", ["2020-01-21", "1970-01-01"])
+def test_git_tag_date(date: str):
+    git_tag = git.GitTag(rev="sha1-code", name="0.0.1", date="2025-05-30")
+    git_tag.date = date
+    assert git_tag.date == date
+
+
 def test_git_object_eq():
     git_commit = git.GitCommit(
         rev="sha1-code", title="this is title", body="this is body"

From 0ac3217d9ca5cf35a3e4e66a6bf3d90beed037ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 01:25:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 38/77] refactor(conventional_commits): remove unnecessary
 checks

---
 .../conventional_commits.py                   | 22 +++-----
 tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py         | 54 +++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
index 5b4889114f..912770a726 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
@@ -8,22 +8,12 @@
 __all__ = ["ConventionalCommitsCz"]
 
 
-def parse_scope(text: str) -> str:
-    if not text:
-        return ""
+def _parse_scope(text: str) -> str:
+    return "-".join(text.strip().split())
 
-    scope = text.strip().split()
-    if len(scope) == 1:
-        return scope[0]
 
-    return "-".join(scope)
-
-
-def parse_subject(text: str) -> str:
-    if isinstance(text, str):
-        text = text.strip(".").strip()
-
-    return required_validator(text, msg="Subject is required.")
+def _parse_subject(text: str) -> str:
+    return required_validator(text.strip(".").strip(), msg="Subject is required.")
 
 
 class ConventionalCommitsCz(BaseCommitizen):
@@ -112,12 +102,12 @@ def questions(self) -> Questions:
                 "message": (
                     "What is the scope of this change? (class or file name): (press [enter] to skip)\n"
                 ),
-                "filter": parse_scope,
+                "filter": _parse_scope,
             },
             {
                 "type": "input",
                 "name": "subject",
-                "filter": parse_subject,
+                "filter": _parse_subject,
                 "message": (
                     "Write a short and imperative summary of the code changes: (lower case and no period)\n"
                 ),
diff --git a/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py b/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py
index 89653f4c63..c96e036707 100644
--- a/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py
+++ b/tests/test_cz_conventional_commits.py
@@ -2,48 +2,42 @@
 
 from commitizen.cz.conventional_commits.conventional_commits import (
     ConventionalCommitsCz,
-    parse_scope,
-    parse_subject,
+    _parse_scope,
+    _parse_subject,
 )
 from commitizen.cz.exceptions import AnswerRequiredError
 
-valid_scopes = ["", "simple", "dash-separated", "camelCaseUPPERCASE"]
 
-scopes_transformations = [["with spaces", "with-spaces"], [None, ""]]
-
-valid_subjects = ["this is a normal text", "aword"]
-
-subjects_transformations = [["with dot.", "with dot"]]
-
-invalid_subjects = ["", "   ", ".", "   .", "", None]
-
-
-def test_parse_scope_valid_values():
-    for valid_scope in valid_scopes:
-        assert valid_scope == parse_scope(valid_scope)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "valid_scope", ["", "simple", "dash-separated", "camelCaseUPPERCASE"]
+)
+def test_parse_scope_valid_values(valid_scope):
+    assert valid_scope == _parse_scope(valid_scope)
 
 
-def test_scopes_transformations():
-    for scopes_transformation in scopes_transformations:
-        invalid_scope, transformed_scope = scopes_transformation
-        assert transformed_scope == parse_scope(invalid_scope)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "scopes_transformation", [["with spaces", "with-spaces"], ["", ""]]
+)
+def test_scopes_transformations(scopes_transformation):
+    invalid_scope, transformed_scope = scopes_transformation
+    assert transformed_scope == _parse_scope(invalid_scope)
 
 
-def test_parse_subject_valid_values():
-    for valid_subject in valid_subjects:
-        assert valid_subject == parse_subject(valid_subject)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("valid_subject", ["this is a normal text", "aword"])
+def test_parse_subject_valid_values(valid_subject):
+    assert valid_subject == _parse_subject(valid_subject)
 
 
-def test_parse_subject_invalid_values():
-    for valid_subject in invalid_subjects:
-        with pytest.raises(AnswerRequiredError):
-            parse_subject(valid_subject)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("invalid_subject", ["", "   ", ".", "   .", "\t\t."])
+def test_parse_subject_invalid_values(invalid_subject):
+    with pytest.raises(AnswerRequiredError):
+        _parse_subject(invalid_subject)
 
 
-def test_subject_transformations():
-    for subject_transformation in subjects_transformations:
-        invalid_subject, transformed_subject = subject_transformation
-        assert transformed_subject == parse_subject(invalid_subject)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("subject_transformation", [["with dot.", "with dot"]])
+def test_subject_transformations(subject_transformation):
+    invalid_subject, transformed_subject = subject_transformation
+    assert transformed_subject == _parse_subject(invalid_subject)
 
 
 def test_questions(config):

From ec976c1253f5f7a6d1b376c116e965c337d1315f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 14:25:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 39/77] refactor: make methods protected, better type

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py         |  8 ++++----
 commitizen/commands/changelog.py    |  8 ++++----
 commitizen/commands/commit.py       | 10 +++++-----
 commitizen/commands/init.py         |  4 ++--
 commitizen/config/base_config.py    |  3 +++
 tests/commands/test_bump_command.py | 10 +++++-----
 6 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index 9556492499..0607c7ef73 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict):
         )
         self.extras = arguments["extras"]
 
-    def is_initial_tag(
+    def _is_initial_tag(
         self, current_tag: git.GitTag | None, is_yes: bool = False
     ) -> bool:
         """Check if reading the whole git tree up to HEAD is needed."""
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def is_initial_tag(
         )
         return bool(questionary.confirm("Is this the first tag created?").ask())
 
-    def find_increment(self, commits: list[git.GitCommit]) -> Increment | None:
+    def _find_increment(self, commits: list[git.GitCommit]) -> Increment | None:
         # Update the bump map to ensure major version doesn't increment.
         is_major_version_zero: bool = self.bump_settings["major_version_zero"]
         # self.cz.bump_map = defaults.bump_map_major_version_zero
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
             current_tag, "name", rules.normalize_tag(current_version)
         )
 
-        is_initial = self.is_initial_tag(current_tag, is_yes)
+        is_initial = self._is_initial_tag(current_tag, is_yes)
 
         if manual_version:
             try:
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
                         "[NO_COMMITS_FOUND]\nNo new commits found."
                     )
 
-                increment = self.find_increment(commits)
+                increment = self._find_increment(commits)
 
             # It may happen that there are commits, but they are not eligible
             # for an increment, this generates a problem when using prerelease (#281)
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
index 181531dee2..11f72cba18 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def _find_incremental_rev(self, latest_version: str, tags: Iterable[GitTag]) ->
             raise NoRevisionError()
         return start_rev
 
-    def write_changelog(
+    def _write_changelog(
         self, changelog_out: str, lines: list[str], changelog_meta: changelog.Metadata
     ):
         with smart_open(self.file_name, "w", encoding=self.encoding) as changelog_file:
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def write_changelog(
 
             changelog_file.write(changelog_out)
 
-    def export_template(self) -> None:
+    def _export_template(self) -> None:
         tpl = changelog.get_changelog_template(self.cz.template_loader, self.template)
         src = Path(tpl.filename)  # type: ignore
         Path(self.export_template_to).write_text(src.read_text())  # type: ignore
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
         )
 
         if self.export_template_to:
-            return self.export_template()
+            return self._export_template()
 
         if not changelog_pattern or not commit_parser:
             raise NoPatternMapError(
@@ -240,4 +240,4 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
             with open(self.file_name, encoding=self.encoding) as changelog_file:
                 lines = changelog_file.readlines()
 
-        self.write_changelog(changelog_out, lines, changelog_meta)
+        self._write_changelog(changelog_out, lines, changelog_meta)
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/commit.py b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
index 3e7a850a05..22ad642c43 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/commit.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict):
         self.arguments = arguments
         self.temp_file: str = get_backup_file_path()
 
-    def read_backup_message(self) -> str | None:
+    def _read_backup_message(self) -> str | None:
         # Check the commit backup file exists
         if not os.path.isfile(self.temp_file):
             return None
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def read_backup_message(self) -> str | None:
         with open(self.temp_file, encoding=self.encoding) as f:
             return f.read().strip()
 
-    def prompt_commit_questions(self) -> str:
+    def _prompt_commit_questions(self) -> str:
         # Prompt user for the commit message
         cz = self.cz
         questions = cz.questions()
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def manual_edit(self, message: str) -> str:
 
     def _get_message(self) -> str:
         if self.arguments.get("retry"):
-            m = self.read_backup_message()
+            m = self._read_backup_message()
             if m is None:
                 raise NoCommitBackupError()
             return m
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ def _get_message(self) -> str:
         if self.config.settings.get("retry_after_failure") and not self.arguments.get(
             "no_retry"
         ):
-            return self.read_backup_message() or self.prompt_commit_questions()
-        return self.prompt_commit_questions()
+            return self._read_backup_message() or self._prompt_commit_questions()
+        return self._prompt_commit_questions()
 
     def __call__(self) -> None:
         extra_args = cast(str, self.arguments.get("extra_cli_args", ""))
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/init.py b/commitizen/commands/init.py
index a7e1b56665..e03103d4cb 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/init.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/init.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args):
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
         self.project_info = ProjectInfo()
 
-    def __call__(self):
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
         if self.config.path:
             out.line(f"Config file {self.config.path} already exists")
             return
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ def __call__(self):
             self.config = JsonConfig(data="{}", path=config_path)
         elif "yaml" in config_path:
             self.config = YAMLConfig(data="", path=config_path)
-        values_to_add = {}
+        values_to_add: dict[str, Any] = {}
         values_to_add["name"] = cz_name
         values_to_add["tag_format"] = tag_format
         values_to_add["version_scheme"] = version_scheme
diff --git a/commitizen/config/base_config.py b/commitizen/config/base_config.py
index 587b72aee6..2c7bce206d 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/base_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/base_config.py
@@ -41,3 +41,6 @@ def update(self, data: Settings) -> None:
 
     def _parse_setting(self, data: bytes | str) -> None:
         raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def init_empty_config_content(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py b/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py
index 2af7bec121..41da985704 100644
--- a/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py
+++ b/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py
@@ -1692,7 +1692,7 @@ def test_bump_warn_but_dont_fail_on_invalid_tags(
 
 
 def test_is_initial_tag(mocker: MockFixture, tmp_commitizen_project):
-    """Test the is_initial_tag method behavior."""
+    """Test the _is_initial_tag method behavior."""
     # Create a commit but no tags
     create_file_and_commit("feat: initial commit")
 
@@ -1725,15 +1725,15 @@ def test_is_initial_tag(mocker: MockFixture, tmp_commitizen_project):
 
     # Test case 1: No current tag, not yes mode
     mocker.patch("questionary.confirm", return_value=mocker.Mock(ask=lambda: True))
-    assert bump_cmd.is_initial_tag(None, is_yes=False) is True
+    assert bump_cmd._is_initial_tag(None, is_yes=False) is True
 
     # Test case 2: No current tag, yes mode
-    assert bump_cmd.is_initial_tag(None, is_yes=True) is True
+    assert bump_cmd._is_initial_tag(None, is_yes=True) is True
 
     # Test case 3: Has current tag
     mock_tag = mocker.Mock()
-    assert bump_cmd.is_initial_tag(mock_tag, is_yes=False) is False
+    assert bump_cmd._is_initial_tag(mock_tag, is_yes=False) is False
 
     # Test case 4: No current tag, user denies
     mocker.patch("questionary.confirm", return_value=mocker.Mock(ask=lambda: False))
-    assert bump_cmd.is_initial_tag(None, is_yes=False) is False
+    assert bump_cmd._is_initial_tag(None, is_yes=False) is False

From 9406b552396e21e86a3e4f991a7d189e39ee5b29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 14:30:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 40/77] style: type untyped methods

---
 commitizen/changelog.py                     |  6 +++---
 commitizen/commands/changelog.py            |  2 +-
 commitizen/commands/example.py              |  4 ++--
 commitizen/commands/init.py                 |  2 +-
 commitizen/commands/schema.py               |  4 ++--
 commitizen/config/base_config.py            | 12 +++++++++++-
 commitizen/config/json_config.py            | 14 ++++++++++++--
 commitizen/config/toml_config.py            | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 commitizen/config/yaml_config.py            | 14 ++++++++++++--
 commitizen/cz/base.py                       |  4 ++--
 commitizen/git.py                           |  4 ++--
 commitizen/hooks.py                         |  5 +++--
 commitizen/providers/base_provider.py       | 10 +++++-----
 commitizen/providers/cargo_provider.py      |  2 +-
 commitizen/providers/commitizen_provider.py |  2 +-
 commitizen/providers/poetry_provider.py     |  2 +-
 commitizen/providers/scm_provider.py        |  2 +-
 17 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/changelog.py b/commitizen/changelog.py
index 6526b4c540..ba6fbbc6b3 100644
--- a/commitizen/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/changelog.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class Metadata:
     latest_version_position: int | None = None
     latest_version_tag: str | None = None
 
-    def __post_init__(self):
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         if self.latest_version and not self.latest_version_tag:
             # Test syntactic sugar
             # latest version tag is optional if same as latest version
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ def process_commit_message(
     commit: GitCommit,
     changes: dict[str | None, list],
     change_type_map: dict[str, str] | None = None,
-):
-    message: dict = {
+) -> None:
+    message: dict[str, Any] = {
         "sha1": commit.rev,
         "parents": commit.parents,
         "author": commit.author,
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
index 11f72cba18..5a1270dfd8 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def _find_incremental_rev(self, latest_version: str, tags: Iterable[GitTag]) ->
 
     def _write_changelog(
         self, changelog_out: str, lines: list[str], changelog_meta: changelog.Metadata
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         with smart_open(self.file_name, "w", encoding=self.encoding) as changelog_file:
             partial_changelog: str | None = None
             if self.incremental:
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/example.py b/commitizen/commands/example.py
index a28ad85f16..818e217530 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/example.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/example.py
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 class Example:
     """Show an example so people understands the rules."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object):
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
 
-    def __call__(self):
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
         out.write(self.cz.example())
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/init.py b/commitizen/commands/init.py
index e03103d4cb..ca6426b0bd 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/init.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/init.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def is_pre_commit_installed(self) -> bool:
 
 
 class Init:
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object):
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.encoding = config.settings["encoding"]
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/schema.py b/commitizen/commands/schema.py
index 4af5679cf5..5c77898d8a 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/schema.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/schema.py
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 class Schema:
     """Show structure of the rule."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object):
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
 
-    def __call__(self):
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
         out.write(self.cz.schema())
diff --git a/commitizen/config/base_config.py b/commitizen/config/base_config.py
index 2c7bce206d..10a26e3f0c 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/base_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/base_config.py
@@ -1,9 +1,19 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from commitizen.defaults import DEFAULT_SETTINGS, Settings
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import sys
+
+    # Self is Python 3.11+ but backported in typing-extensions
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        from typing_extensions import Self
+    else:
+        from typing import Self
+
 
 class BaseConfig:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
@@ -28,7 +38,7 @@ def path(self, path: str | Path) -> None:
         """
         self._path = Path(path)
 
-    def set_key(self, key, value):
+    def set_key(self, key: str, value: Any) -> Self:
         """Set or update a key in the conf.
 
         For now only strings are supported.
diff --git a/commitizen/config/json_config.py b/commitizen/config/json_config.py
index 28fac25662..83e0a928a0 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/json_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/json_config.py
@@ -2,12 +2,22 @@
 
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from commitizen.exceptions import InvalidConfigurationError
 from commitizen.git import smart_open
 
 from .base_config import BaseConfig
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import sys
+
+    # Self is Python 3.11+ but backported in typing-extensions
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        from typing_extensions import Self
+    else:
+        from typing import Self
+
 
 class JsonConfig(BaseConfig):
     def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
@@ -16,11 +26,11 @@ def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
         self.path = path
         self._parse_setting(data)
 
-    def init_empty_config_content(self):
+    def init_empty_config_content(self) -> None:
         with smart_open(self.path, "a", encoding=self.encoding) as json_file:
             json.dump({"commitizen": {}}, json_file)
 
-    def set_key(self, key, value):
+    def set_key(self, key: str, value: Any) -> Self:
         """Set or update a key in the conf.
 
         For now only strings are supported.
diff --git a/commitizen/config/toml_config.py b/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
index a7050214ba..9bab994fd5 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from tomlkit import exceptions, parse, table
 
@@ -9,6 +10,15 @@
 
 from .base_config import BaseConfig
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import sys
+
+    # Self is Python 3.11+ but backported in typing-extensions
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        from typing_extensions import Self
+    else:
+        from typing import Self
+
 
 class TomlConfig(BaseConfig):
     def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
@@ -17,7 +27,7 @@ def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
         self.path = path
         self._parse_setting(data)
 
-    def init_empty_config_content(self):
+    def init_empty_config_content(self) -> None:
         if os.path.isfile(self.path):
             with open(self.path, "rb") as input_toml_file:
                 parser = parse(input_toml_file.read())
@@ -27,10 +37,10 @@ def init_empty_config_content(self):
         with open(self.path, "wb") as output_toml_file:
             if parser.get("tool") is None:
                 parser["tool"] = table()
-            parser["tool"]["commitizen"] = table()
+            parser["tool"]["commitizen"] = table()  # type: ignore
             output_toml_file.write(parser.as_string().encode(self.encoding))
 
-    def set_key(self, key, value):
+    def set_key(self, key: str, value: Any) -> Self:
         """Set or update a key in the conf.
 
         For now only strings are supported.
@@ -39,7 +49,7 @@ def set_key(self, key, value):
         with open(self.path, "rb") as f:
             parser = parse(f.read())
 
-        parser["tool"]["commitizen"][key] = value
+        parser["tool"]["commitizen"][key] = value  # type: ignore
         with open(self.path, "wb") as f:
             f.write(parser.as_string().encode(self.encoding))
         return self
diff --git a/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py b/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
index 2c384cf17d..8eac9bb785 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import yaml
 
@@ -9,6 +10,15 @@
 
 from .base_config import BaseConfig
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import sys
+
+    # Self is Python 3.11+ but backported in typing-extensions
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        from typing_extensions import Self
+    else:
+        from typing import Self
+
 
 class YAMLConfig(BaseConfig):
     def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
@@ -17,7 +27,7 @@ def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
         self.path = path
         self._parse_setting(data)
 
-    def init_empty_config_content(self):
+    def init_empty_config_content(self) -> None:
         with smart_open(self.path, "a", encoding=self.encoding) as json_file:
             yaml.dump({"commitizen": {}}, json_file, explicit_start=True)
 
@@ -41,7 +51,7 @@ def _parse_setting(self, data: bytes | str) -> None:
         except (KeyError, TypeError):
             self.is_empty_config = True
 
-    def set_key(self, key, value):
+    def set_key(self, key: str, value: Any) -> Self:
         """Set or update a key in the conf.
 
         For now only strings are supported.
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/base.py b/commitizen/cz/base.py
index 7463a67c24..9e803c3d01 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/base.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/base.py
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
         """Format your git message."""
 
     @property
-    def style(self):
+    def style(self) -> Style:
         return merge_styles(
             [
                 Style(BaseCommitizen.default_style_config),
                 Style(self.config.settings["style"]),
             ]
-        )
+        )  # type: ignore[return-value]
 
     def example(self) -> str:
         """Example of the commit message."""
diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index 48fa13ec52..54d57f69bb 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ def get_commits(
     ]
 
 
-def get_filenames_in_commit(git_reference: str = ""):
+def get_filenames_in_commit(git_reference: str = "") -> list[str]:
     """Get the list of files that were committed in the requested git reference.
 
     :param git_reference: a git reference as accepted by `git show`, default: the last commit
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ def get_core_editor() -> str | None:
     return None
 
 
-def smart_open(*args, **kwargs):
+def smart_open(*args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def,unused-ignore]
     """Open a file with the EOL style determined from Git."""
     return open(*args, newline=EOLType.for_open(), **kwargs)
 
diff --git a/commitizen/hooks.py b/commitizen/hooks.py
index f5505d0e82..f60bd9b43e 100644
--- a/commitizen/hooks.py
+++ b/commitizen/hooks.py
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 
 from commitizen import cmd, out
 from commitizen.exceptions import RunHookError
 
 
-def run(hooks, _env_prefix="CZ_", **env):
+def run(hooks: str | list[str], _env_prefix: str = "CZ_", **env: object) -> None:
     if isinstance(hooks, str):
         hooks = [hooks]
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ def run(hooks, _env_prefix="CZ_", **env):
             raise RunHookError(f"Running hook '{hook}' failed")
 
 
-def _format_env(prefix: str, env: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
+def _format_env(prefix: str, env: Mapping[str, object]) -> dict[str, str]:
     """_format_env() prefixes all given environment variables with the given
     prefix so it can be passed directly to cmd.run()."""
     penv = dict(os.environ)
diff --git a/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py b/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py
index 34048318e2..9c1e0f7a98 100644
--- a/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py
+++ b/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def get_version(self) -> str:
         """
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def set_version(self, version: str):
+    def set_version(self, version: str) -> None:
         """
         Set the new current version
         """
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def get_version(self) -> str:
         document = json.loads(self.file.read_text())
         return self.get(document)
 
-    def set_version(self, version: str):
+    def set_version(self, version: str) -> None:
         document = json.loads(self.file.read_text())
         self.set(document, version)
         self.file.write_text(json.dumps(document, indent=self.indent) + "\n")
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def set_version(self, version: str):
     def get(self, document: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
         return document["version"]  # type: ignore
 
-    def set(self, document: dict[str, Any], version: str):
+    def set(self, document: dict[str, Any], version: str) -> None:
         document["version"] = version
 
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def get_version(self) -> str:
         document = tomlkit.parse(self.file.read_text())
         return self.get(document)
 
-    def set_version(self, version: str):
+    def set_version(self, version: str) -> None:
         document = tomlkit.parse(self.file.read_text())
         self.set(document, version)
         self.file.write_text(tomlkit.dumps(document))
@@ -87,5 +87,5 @@ def set_version(self, version: str):
     def get(self, document: tomlkit.TOMLDocument) -> str:
         return document["project"]["version"]  # type: ignore
 
-    def set(self, document: tomlkit.TOMLDocument, version: str):
+    def set(self, document: tomlkit.TOMLDocument, version: str) -> None:
         document["project"]["version"] = version  # type: ignore
diff --git a/commitizen/providers/cargo_provider.py b/commitizen/providers/cargo_provider.py
index 2e73ff35a1..87e45cd71c 100644
--- a/commitizen/providers/cargo_provider.py
+++ b/commitizen/providers/cargo_provider.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def get(self, document: tomlkit.TOMLDocument) -> str:
             ...
         return document["workspace"]["package"]["version"]  # type: ignore
 
-    def set(self, document: tomlkit.TOMLDocument, version: str):
+    def set(self, document: tomlkit.TOMLDocument, version: str) -> None:
         try:
             document["workspace"]["package"]["version"] = version  # type: ignore
             return
diff --git a/commitizen/providers/commitizen_provider.py b/commitizen/providers/commitizen_provider.py
index a1da25ff72..7ce177a604 100644
--- a/commitizen/providers/commitizen_provider.py
+++ b/commitizen/providers/commitizen_provider.py
@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ class CommitizenProvider(VersionProvider):
     def get_version(self) -> str:
         return self.config.settings["version"]  # type: ignore
 
-    def set_version(self, version: str):
+    def set_version(self, version: str) -> None:
         self.config.set_key("version", version)
diff --git a/commitizen/providers/poetry_provider.py b/commitizen/providers/poetry_provider.py
index 7aa28f56d9..1dd33f053e 100644
--- a/commitizen/providers/poetry_provider.py
+++ b/commitizen/providers/poetry_provider.py
@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ class PoetryProvider(TomlProvider):
     def get(self, pyproject: tomlkit.TOMLDocument) -> str:
         return pyproject["tool"]["poetry"]["version"]  # type: ignore
 
-    def set(self, pyproject: tomlkit.TOMLDocument, version: str):
+    def set(self, pyproject: tomlkit.TOMLDocument, version: str) -> None:
         pyproject["tool"]["poetry"]["version"] = version  # type: ignore
diff --git a/commitizen/providers/scm_provider.py b/commitizen/providers/scm_provider.py
index cb575148cb..3085b16efa 100644
--- a/commitizen/providers/scm_provider.py
+++ b/commitizen/providers/scm_provider.py
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ def get_version(self) -> str:
             return "0.0.0"
         return str(versions[-1])
 
-    def set_version(self, version: str):
+    def set_version(self, version: str) -> None:
         # Not necessary
         pass

From 5c5f005a1fd31a8e95206619d6a921e8c8e1e76d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 18:48:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 41/77] style: remove Union

---
 commitizen/cmd.py      | 6 ++++--
 commitizen/cz/utils.py | 3 +--
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cmd.py b/commitizen/cmd.py
index 9d6b2f6d2a..3f13087233 100644
--- a/commitizen/cmd.py
+++ b/commitizen/cmd.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import subprocess
 from collections.abc import Mapping
-from typing import NamedTuple, Union
+from typing import NamedTuple
 
 from charset_normalizer import from_bytes
 
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ def _try_decode(bytes_: bytes) -> str:
             raise CharacterSetDecodeError() from e
 
 
-def run(cmd: str, env: Union[Mapping[str, str], None] = None) -> Command:
+def run(cmd: str, env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None) -> Command:
     if env is not None:
         env = {**os.environ, **env}
     process = subprocess.Popen(
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/utils.py b/commitizen/cz/utils.py
index 430bda2d43..a6f687226c 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/utils.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/utils.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import re
 import tempfile
-from typing import Union
 
 from commitizen import git
 from commitizen.cz import exceptions
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@
 _RE_LOCAL_VERSION = re.compile(r"\+.+")
 
 
-def required_validator(answer: str, msg: Union[str, None] = None) -> str:
+def required_validator(answer: str, msg: object = None) -> str:
     if not answer:
         raise exceptions.AnswerRequiredError(msg)
     return answer

From 23830f1f111172d5d8808285633c05204441e6aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 19:00:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 42/77] style: better type

---
 commitizen/cli.py                     | 4 ++--
 commitizen/providers/base_provider.py | 5 +++--
 commitizen/providers/npm_provider.py  | 5 +++--
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index 9998691f41..fa05fb2f73 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from functools import partial
 from pathlib import Path
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
 
 import argcomplete
 from decli import cli
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def __call__(
         self,
         parser: argparse.ArgumentParser,
         namespace: argparse.Namespace,
-        kwarg: str | Sequence[Any] | None,
+        kwarg: str | Sequence[object] | None,
         option_string: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         if not isinstance(kwarg, str):
diff --git a/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py b/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py
index 9c1e0f7a98..7a7e1205b4 100644
--- a/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py
+++ b/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import json
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, ClassVar
 
@@ -63,8 +64,8 @@ def set_version(self, version: str) -> None:
         self.set(document, version)
         self.file.write_text(json.dumps(document, indent=self.indent) + "\n")
 
-    def get(self, document: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
-        return document["version"]  # type: ignore
+    def get(self, document: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
+        return document["version"]
 
     def set(self, document: dict[str, Any], version: str) -> None:
         document["version"] = version
diff --git a/commitizen/providers/npm_provider.py b/commitizen/providers/npm_provider.py
index 12900ff7de..3125447250 100644
--- a/commitizen/providers/npm_provider.py
+++ b/commitizen/providers/npm_provider.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, ClassVar
 
@@ -58,8 +59,8 @@ def set_version(self, version: str) -> None:
                 json.dumps(shrinkwrap_document, indent=self.indent) + "\n"
             )
 
-    def get_package_version(self, document: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
-        return document["version"]  # type: ignore
+    def get_package_version(self, document: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
+        return document["version"]
 
     def set_package_version(
         self, document: dict[str, Any], version: str

From d4ee14abed4e1a2a0f86d7bc10f50e1e15085c67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 22:12:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 43/77] style: add `-> None` to __init__

---
 commitizen/changelog_formats/__init__.py | 2 +-
 commitizen/changelog_formats/base.py     | 2 +-
 commitizen/commands/bump.py              | 2 +-
 commitizen/commands/changelog.py         | 2 +-
 commitizen/commands/check.py             | 2 +-
 commitizen/commands/commit.py            | 2 +-
 commitizen/commands/example.py           | 2 +-
 commitizen/commands/info.py              | 2 +-
 commitizen/commands/init.py              | 2 +-
 commitizen/commands/list_cz.py           | 2 +-
 commitizen/commands/schema.py            | 2 +-
 commitizen/commands/version.py           | 2 +-
 commitizen/config/json_config.py         | 2 +-
 commitizen/config/toml_config.py         | 2 +-
 commitizen/config/yaml_config.py         | 2 +-
 commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py     | 2 +-
 commitizen/exceptions.py                 | 4 ++--
 commitizen/git.py                        | 4 ++--
 commitizen/providers/base_provider.py    | 2 +-
 commitizen/version_schemes.py            | 2 +-
 20 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/changelog_formats/__init__.py b/commitizen/changelog_formats/__init__.py
index 782bfb24cb..b7b3cac01d 100644
--- a/commitizen/changelog_formats/__init__.py
+++ b/commitizen/changelog_formats/__init__.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class ChangelogFormat(Protocol):
 
     config: BaseConfig
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig) -> None:
         self.config = config
 
     @property
diff --git a/commitizen/changelog_formats/base.py b/commitizen/changelog_formats/base.py
index f69cf8f00f..cb5d385bf8 100644
--- a/commitizen/changelog_formats/base.py
+++ b/commitizen/changelog_formats/base.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class BaseFormat(ChangelogFormat, metaclass=ABCMeta):
     extension: ClassVar[str] = ""
     alternative_extensions: ClassVar[set[str]] = set()
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig) -> None:
         # Constructor needs to be redefined because `Protocol` prevent instantiation by default
         # See: https://bugs.python.org/issue44807
         self.config = config
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index 0607c7ef73..0aee74a817 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 class Bump:
     """Show prompt for the user to create a guided commit."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict) -> None:
         if not git.is_git_project():
             raise NotAGitProjectError()
 
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
index 5a1270dfd8..59d799b037 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 class Changelog:
     """Generate a changelog based on the commit history."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args: Mapping[str, Any]):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
         if not git.is_git_project():
             raise NotAGitProjectError()
 
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/check.py b/commitizen/commands/check.py
index 6cf91bb926..82a8039fa3 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/check.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/check.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Check:
 
     def __init__(
         self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict[str, Any], cwd: str = os.getcwd()
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         """Initial check command.
 
         Args:
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/commit.py b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
index 22ad642c43..68095d0e0c 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/commit.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 class Commit:
     """Show prompt for the user to create a guided commit."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict) -> None:
         if not git.is_git_project():
             raise NotAGitProjectError()
 
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/example.py b/commitizen/commands/example.py
index 818e217530..ba9f34adc4 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/example.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/example.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 class Example:
     """Show an example so people understands the rules."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object) -> None:
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
 
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/info.py b/commitizen/commands/info.py
index 5b649ceb5d..5ea8227313 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/info.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/info.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 class Info:
     """Show in depth explanation of your rules."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object) -> None:
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
 
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/init.py b/commitizen/commands/init.py
index ca6426b0bd..1207cd02ee 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/init.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/init.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def is_pre_commit_installed(self) -> bool:
 
 
 class Init:
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object) -> None:
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.encoding = config.settings["encoding"]
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/list_cz.py b/commitizen/commands/list_cz.py
index ff4e12ad44..412266f6c3 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/list_cz.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/list_cz.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 class ListCz:
     """List currently installed rules."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object) -> None:
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
 
     def __call__(self) -> None:
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/schema.py b/commitizen/commands/schema.py
index 5c77898d8a..a7aeb53569 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/schema.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/schema.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 class Schema:
     """Show structure of the rule."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: object) -> None:
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
 
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/version.py b/commitizen/commands/version.py
index 55d0a950a3..ecf1f03129 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/version.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/version.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 class Version:
     """Get the version of the installed commitizen or the current project."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: Mapping[str, Any]):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.parameter = args[0]
         self.operating_system = platform.system()
diff --git a/commitizen/config/json_config.py b/commitizen/config/json_config.py
index 83e0a928a0..be1f1c36b0 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/json_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/json_config.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 
 class JsonConfig(BaseConfig):
-    def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
+    def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self.is_empty_config = False
         self.path = path
diff --git a/commitizen/config/toml_config.py b/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
index 9bab994fd5..3571c9c882 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/toml_config.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 
 class TomlConfig(BaseConfig):
-    def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
+    def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self.is_empty_config = False
         self.path = path
diff --git a/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py b/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
index 8eac9bb785..f2a79e6937 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/yaml_config.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 
 class YAMLConfig(BaseConfig):
-    def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str):
+    def __init__(self, *, data: bytes | str, path: Path | str) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self.is_empty_config = False
         self.path = path
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py b/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py
index 53ada4b2c0..8f844501ec 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class CustomizeCommitsCz(BaseCommitizen):
     bump_map_major_version_zero = defaults.BUMP_MAP_MAJOR_VERSION_ZERO
     change_type_order = defaults.CHANGE_TYPE_ORDER
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig) -> None:
         super().__init__(config)
 
         if "customize" not in self.config.settings:
diff --git a/commitizen/exceptions.py b/commitizen/exceptions.py
index 87efabe2ab..8c0956be53 100644
--- a/commitizen/exceptions.py
+++ b/commitizen/exceptions.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class ExitCode(enum.IntEnum):
 
 
 class CommitizenException(Exception):
-    def __init__(self, *args: str, **kwargs: Any):
+    def __init__(self, *args: str, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         self.output_method = kwargs.get("output_method") or out.error
         self.exit_code: ExitCode = self.__class__.exit_code
         if args:
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
 class ExpectedExit(CommitizenException):
     exit_code = ExitCode.EXPECTED_EXIT
 
-    def __init__(self, *args: str, **kwargs: Any):
+    def __init__(self, *args: str, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         output_method = kwargs.get("output_method") or out.write
         kwargs["output_method"] = output_method
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index 54d57f69bb..b8528e3f77 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def __init__(
         author: str = "",
         author_email: str = "",
         parents: list[str] | None = None,
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         self.rev = rev.strip()
         self.title = title.strip()
         self.body = body.strip()
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
 
 
 class GitTag(GitObject):
-    def __init__(self, name: str, rev: str, date: str):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, rev: str, date: str) -> None:
         self.rev = rev.strip()
         self.name = name.strip()
         self._date = date.strip()
diff --git a/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py b/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py
index 7a7e1205b4..27c3123416 100644
--- a/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py
+++ b/commitizen/providers/base_provider.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class VersionProvider(ABC):
 
     config: BaseConfig
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig):
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig) -> None:
         self.config = config
 
     @abstractmethod
diff --git a/commitizen/version_schemes.py b/commitizen/version_schemes.py
index 96a68b05fd..a59d3c0aa0 100644
--- a/commitizen/version_schemes.py
+++ b/commitizen/version_schemes.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class VersionProtocol(Protocol):
     parser: ClassVar[re.Pattern]
     """Regex capturing this version scheme into a `version` group"""
 
-    def __init__(self, version: str):
+    def __init__(self, version: str) -> None:
         """
         Initialize a version object from its string representation.
 

From af1b9c25dede810fd17a29518f70596dc1d68b61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 22:35:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 44/77] build(ruff,mypy): more strict rules

---
 commitizen/git.py |  2 +-
 pyproject.toml    | 21 ++++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index b8528e3f77..fb59750eaf 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ def get_core_editor() -> str | None:
     return None
 
 
-def smart_open(*args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def,unused-ignore]
+def smart_open(*args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def,unused-ignore] # noqa: ANN201
     """Open a file with the EOL style determined from Git."""
     return open(*args, newline=EOLType.for_open(), **kwargs)
 
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 757c72bc0a..9961a2f409 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -187,6 +187,9 @@ line-length = 88
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]
 select = [
+    # flake8-annotations
+    "ANN001",
+    "ANN2",
     # pycodestyle
     "E",
     # Pyflakes
@@ -202,6 +205,9 @@ select = [
 ]
 ignore = ["E501", "D1", "D415"]
 
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
+"tests/*" = ["ANN"]
+
 [tool.ruff.lint.isort]
 known-first-party = ["commitizen", "tests"]
 
@@ -209,7 +215,8 @@ known-first-party = ["commitizen", "tests"]
 convention = "google"
 
 [tool.mypy]
-files = "commitizen"
+files = ["commitizen", "tests"]
+disallow_untyped_defs = true
 disallow_untyped_decorators = true
 disallow_subclassing_any = true
 warn_return_any = true
@@ -217,6 +224,10 @@ warn_redundant_casts = true
 warn_unused_ignores = true
 warn_unused_configs = true
 
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = "tests/*"
+disallow_untyped_defs = false
+
 [[tool.mypy.overrides]]
 module = "py.*"               # Legacy pytest dependencies
 ignore_missing_imports = true
@@ -233,14 +244,14 @@ poetry_command = ""
 [tool.poe.tasks]
 format.help = "Format the code"
 format.sequence = [
-    { cmd = "ruff check --fix commitizen tests" },
-    { cmd = "ruff format commitizen tests" },
+    { cmd = "ruff check --fix" },
+    { cmd = "ruff format" },
 ]
 
 lint.help = "Lint the code"
 lint.sequence = [
-    { cmd = "ruff check commitizen/ tests/ --fix" },
-    { cmd = "mypy commitizen/ tests/" },
+    { cmd = "ruff check" },
+    { cmd = "mypy" },
 ]
 
 check-commit.help = "Check the commit message"

From 5d72c641c7d16e12e354a53ed03516cfc474d444 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 18:20:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 45/77] fix(BaseConfig): mypy error

---
 commitizen/config/base_config.py | 9 ++-------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/config/base_config.py b/commitizen/config/base_config.py
index 10a26e3f0c..59c0d16a06 100644
--- a/commitizen/config/base_config.py
+++ b/commitizen/config/base_config.py
@@ -26,16 +26,11 @@ def settings(self) -> Settings:
         return self._settings
 
     @property
-    def path(self) -> Path | None:
-        return self._path
+    def path(self) -> Path:
+        return self._path  # type: ignore
 
     @path.setter
     def path(self, path: str | Path) -> None:
-        """
-        mypy does not like this until 1.16
-        See https://github.com/python/mypy/pull/18510
-        TODO: remove "type: ignore" from the call sites when 1.16 is available
-        """
         self._path = Path(path)
 
     def set_key(self, key: str, value: Any) -> Self:

From 8ab84d8ba165e6dde3cbe628d83994d9b018e0fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 22:04:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 46/77] build(mypy): remove disallow_untyped_defs because it's
 already done by ruff rules

---
 pyproject.toml | 5 -----
 1 file changed, 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 9961a2f409..ee0ecc9ced 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -216,7 +216,6 @@ convention = "google"
 
 [tool.mypy]
 files = ["commitizen", "tests"]
-disallow_untyped_defs = true
 disallow_untyped_decorators = true
 disallow_subclassing_any = true
 warn_return_any = true
@@ -224,10 +223,6 @@ warn_redundant_casts = true
 warn_unused_ignores = true
 warn_unused_configs = true
 
-[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
-module = "tests/*"
-disallow_untyped_defs = false
-
 [[tool.mypy.overrides]]
 module = "py.*"               # Legacy pytest dependencies
 ignore_missing_imports = true

From 922323123b73c3d35f598da0c392a34377511d19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 00:45:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 47/77] refactor(bump): TypedDict for bump argument

---
 commitizen/cli.py                   |   2 +-
 commitizen/commands/bump.py         | 129 ++++++++++++++++------------
 commitizen/defaults.py              |  38 ++++----
 tests/commands/test_bump_command.py |   2 +-
 4 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index fa05fb2f73..e1bd57b523 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ def main() -> None:
         )
         sys.excepthook = no_raise_debug_excepthook
 
-    args.func(conf, arguments)()
+    args.func(conf, arguments)()  # type: ignore
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index 0aee74a817..beed384b78 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -37,37 +37,65 @@
 logger = getLogger("commitizen")
 
 
+class BumpArguments(Settings, total=False):
+    allow_no_commit: bool | None
+    annotated_tag_message: str | None
+    annotated_tag: bool
+    build_metadata: str | None
+    changelog_to_stdout: bool
+    changelog: bool
+    check_consistency: bool
+    devrelease: int | None
+    dry_run: bool
+    file_name: str
+    files_only: bool | None
+    get_next: bool
+    git_output_to_stderr: bool
+    gpg_sign: bool
+    increment_mode: str
+    increment: Increment | None
+    local_version: bool
+    manual_version: str | None
+    no_verify: bool
+    prerelease: Prerelease | None
+    retry: bool
+    yes: bool
+
+
 class Bump:
     """Show prompt for the user to create a guided commit."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: BumpArguments) -> None:
         if not git.is_git_project():
             raise NotAGitProjectError()
 
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
         self.encoding = config.settings["encoding"]
-        self.arguments: dict = arguments
-        self.bump_settings: dict = {
-            **config.settings,
-            **{
-                key: arguments[key]
-                for key in [
-                    "tag_format",
-                    "prerelease",
-                    "increment",
-                    "increment_mode",
-                    "bump_message",
-                    "gpg_sign",
-                    "annotated_tag",
-                    "annotated_tag_message",
-                    "major_version_zero",
-                    "prerelease_offset",
-                    "template",
-                    "file_name",
-                ]
-                if arguments.get(key) is not None
+        self.arguments = arguments
+        self.bump_settings = cast(
+            BumpArguments,
+            {
+                **config.settings,
+                **{
+                    k: v
+                    for k, v in {
+                        "annotated_tag_message": arguments.get("annotated_tag_message"),
+                        "annotated_tag": arguments.get("annotated_tag"),
+                        "bump_message": arguments.get("bump_message"),
+                        "file_name": arguments.get("file_name"),
+                        "gpg_sign": arguments.get("gpg_sign"),
+                        "increment_mode": arguments.get("increment_mode"),
+                        "increment": arguments.get("increment"),
+                        "major_version_zero": arguments.get("major_version_zero"),
+                        "prerelease_offset": arguments.get("prerelease_offset"),
+                        "prerelease": arguments.get("prerelease"),
+                        "tag_format": arguments.get("tag_format"),
+                        "template": arguments.get("template"),
+                    }.items()
+                    if v is not None
+                },
             },
-        }
+        )
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
         self.changelog_flag = arguments["changelog"]
         self.changelog_config = self.config.settings.get("update_changelog_on_bump")
@@ -120,11 +148,10 @@ def _is_initial_tag(
 
     def _find_increment(self, commits: list[git.GitCommit]) -> Increment | None:
         # Update the bump map to ensure major version doesn't increment.
-        is_major_version_zero: bool = self.bump_settings["major_version_zero"]
         # self.cz.bump_map = defaults.bump_map_major_version_zero
         bump_map = (
             self.cz.bump_map_major_version_zero
-            if is_major_version_zero
+            if self.bump_settings["major_version_zero"]
             else self.cz.bump_map
         )
         bump_pattern = self.cz.bump_pattern
@@ -144,23 +171,14 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
         except TypeError:
             raise NoVersionSpecifiedError()
 
-        bump_commit_message: str | None = self.bump_settings["bump_message"]
-        version_files: list[str] = self.bump_settings["version_files"]
-        major_version_zero: bool = self.bump_settings["major_version_zero"]
-        prerelease_offset: int = self.bump_settings["prerelease_offset"]
-
-        dry_run: bool = self.arguments["dry_run"]
-        is_yes: bool = self.arguments["yes"]
-        increment: Increment | None = self.arguments["increment"]
-        prerelease: Prerelease | None = self.arguments["prerelease"]
-        devrelease: int | None = self.arguments["devrelease"]
-        is_files_only: bool | None = self.arguments["files_only"]
-        is_local_version: bool = self.arguments["local_version"]
+        increment = self.arguments["increment"]
+        prerelease = self.arguments["prerelease"]
+        devrelease = self.arguments["devrelease"]
+        is_local_version = self.arguments["local_version"]
         manual_version = self.arguments["manual_version"]
         build_metadata = self.arguments["build_metadata"]
-        increment_mode: str = self.arguments["increment_mode"]
-        get_next: bool = self.arguments["get_next"]
-        allow_no_commit: bool | None = self.arguments["allow_no_commit"]
+        get_next = self.arguments["get_next"]
+        allow_no_commit = self.arguments["allow_no_commit"]
 
         if manual_version:
             if increment:
@@ -182,7 +200,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
                     "--build-metadata cannot be combined with MANUAL_VERSION"
                 )
 
-            if major_version_zero:
+            if self.bump_settings["major_version_zero"]:
                 raise NotAllowed(
                     "--major-version-zero cannot be combined with MANUAL_VERSION"
                 )
@@ -190,7 +208,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
             if get_next:
                 raise NotAllowed("--get-next cannot be combined with MANUAL_VERSION")
 
-        if major_version_zero:
+        if self.bump_settings["major_version_zero"]:
             if not current_version.release[0] == 0:
                 raise NotAllowed(
                     f"--major-version-zero is meaningless for current version {current_version}"
@@ -215,7 +233,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
         else:
             # If user specified changelog_to_stdout, they probably want the
             # changelog to be generated as well, this is the most intuitive solution
-            self.changelog_flag = (
+            self.changelog_flag = bool(
                 self.changelog_flag
                 or bool(self.changelog_to_stdout)
                 or self.changelog_config
@@ -227,7 +245,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
             current_tag, "name", rules.normalize_tag(current_version)
         )
 
-        is_initial = self._is_initial_tag(current_tag, is_yes)
+        is_initial = self._is_initial_tag(current_tag, self.arguments["yes"])
 
         if manual_version:
             try:
@@ -273,16 +291,16 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
             new_version = current_version.bump(
                 increment,
                 prerelease=prerelease,
-                prerelease_offset=prerelease_offset,
+                prerelease_offset=self.bump_settings["prerelease_offset"],
                 devrelease=devrelease,
                 is_local_version=is_local_version,
                 build_metadata=build_metadata,
-                exact_increment=increment_mode == "exact",
+                exact_increment=self.arguments["increment_mode"] == "exact",
             )
 
         new_tag_version = rules.normalize_tag(new_version)
         message = bump.create_commit_message(
-            current_version, new_version, bump_commit_message
+            current_version, new_version, self.bump_settings["bump_message"]
         )
 
         if get_next:
@@ -314,6 +332,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
             )
 
         files: list[str] = []
+        dry_run = self.arguments["dry_run"]
         if self.changelog_flag:
             args = {
                 "unreleased_version": new_tag_version,
@@ -342,7 +361,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
             bump.update_version_in_files(
                 str(current_version),
                 str(new_version),
-                version_files,
+                self.bump_settings["version_files"],
                 check_consistency=self.check_consistency,
                 encoding=self.encoding,
             )
@@ -366,7 +385,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
                 else None,
             )
 
-        if is_files_only:
+        if self.arguments["files_only"]:
             raise ExpectedExit()
 
         # FIXME: check if any changes have been staged
@@ -395,11 +414,15 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
 
         c = git.tag(
             new_tag_version,
-            signed=self.bump_settings.get("gpg_sign", False)
-            or bool(self.config.settings.get("gpg_sign", False)),
-            annotated=self.bump_settings.get("annotated_tag", False)
-            or bool(self.config.settings.get("annotated_tag", False))
-            or bool(self.bump_settings.get("annotated_tag_message", False)),
+            signed=bool(
+                self.bump_settings.get("gpg_sign")
+                or self.config.settings.get("gpg_sign")
+            ),
+            annotated=bool(
+                self.bump_settings.get("annotated_tag")
+                or self.config.settings.get("annotated_tag")
+                or self.bump_settings.get("annotated_tag_message")
+            ),
             msg=self.bump_settings.get("annotated_tag_message", None),
             # TODO: also get from self.config.settings?
         )
diff --git a/commitizen/defaults.py b/commitizen/defaults.py
index adbb9e6d1a..4ad7ae4d8f 100644
--- a/commitizen/defaults.py
+++ b/commitizen/defaults.py
@@ -29,36 +29,36 @@ class CzSettings(TypedDict, total=False):
 
 
 class Settings(TypedDict, total=False):
-    name: str
-    version: str | None
-    version_files: list[str]
-    version_provider: str | None
-    version_scheme: str | None
-    version_type: str | None
-    tag_format: str
-    legacy_tag_formats: Sequence[str]
-    ignored_tag_formats: Sequence[str]
-    bump_message: str | None
-    retry_after_failure: bool
     allow_abort: bool
     allowed_prefixes: list[str]
+    always_signoff: bool
+    bump_message: str | None
     changelog_file: str
     changelog_format: str | None
     changelog_incremental: bool
-    changelog_start_rev: str | None
     changelog_merge_prerelease: bool
-    update_changelog_on_bump: bool
-    use_shortcuts: bool
-    style: list[tuple[str, str]]
+    changelog_start_rev: str | None
     customize: CzSettings
+    encoding: str
+    extras: dict[str, Any]
+    ignored_tag_formats: Sequence[str]
+    legacy_tag_formats: Sequence[str]
     major_version_zero: bool
-    pre_bump_hooks: list[str] | None
+    name: str
     post_bump_hooks: list[str] | None
+    pre_bump_hooks: list[str] | None
     prerelease_offset: int
-    encoding: str
-    always_signoff: bool
+    retry_after_failure: bool
+    style: list[tuple[str, str]]
+    tag_format: str
     template: str | None
-    extras: dict[str, Any]
+    update_changelog_on_bump: bool
+    use_shortcuts: bool
+    version_files: list[str]
+    version_provider: str | None
+    version_scheme: str | None
+    version_type: str | None
+    version: str | None
 
 
 CONFIG_FILES: list[str] = [
diff --git a/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py b/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py
index 41da985704..64b810e4de 100644
--- a/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py
+++ b/tests/commands/test_bump_command.py
@@ -1721,7 +1721,7 @@ def test_is_initial_tag(mocker: MockFixture, tmp_commitizen_project):
         "extras": None,
     }
 
-    bump_cmd = bump.Bump(config, arguments)
+    bump_cmd = bump.Bump(config, arguments)  # type: ignore
 
     # Test case 1: No current tag, not yes mode
     mocker.patch("questionary.confirm", return_value=mocker.Mock(ask=lambda: True))

From 8f6d38630ac07c0f7e8e6f915898f477fee1f547 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 00:57:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 48/77] refactor(changelog): type untyped arguments

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py      |  4 ++--
 commitizen/commands/changelog.py | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 commitizen/defaults.py           |  1 +
 3 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index beed384b78..65827d406e 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -342,14 +342,14 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
                 "dry_run": dry_run,
             }
             if self.changelog_to_stdout:
-                changelog_cmd = Changelog(self.config, {**args, "dry_run": True})
+                changelog_cmd = Changelog(self.config, {**args, "dry_run": True})  # type: ignore
                 try:
                     changelog_cmd()
                 except DryRunExit:
                     pass
 
             args["file_name"] = self.file_name
-            changelog_cmd = Changelog(self.config, args)
+            changelog_cmd = Changelog(self.config, args)  # type: ignore
             changelog_cmd()
             files.append(changelog_cmd.file_name)
 
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
index 59d799b037..6d150b03f9 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 import os
 import os.path
-from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable
 from difflib import SequenceMatcher
 from operator import itemgetter
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, cast
+from typing import Any, TypedDict, cast
 
 from commitizen import changelog, defaults, factory, git, out
 from commitizen.changelog_formats import get_changelog_format
@@ -26,10 +26,28 @@
 from commitizen.version_schemes import get_version_scheme
 
 
+class ChangelogArgs(TypedDict, total=False):
+    change_type_map: dict[str, str]
+    change_type_order: list[str]
+    current_version: str
+    dry_run: bool
+    file_name: str
+    incremental: bool
+    merge_prerelease: bool
+    rev_range: str
+    start_rev: str
+    tag_format: str
+    unreleased_version: str | None
+    version_scheme: str
+    template: str
+    extras: dict[str, Any]
+    export_template: str
+
+
 class Changelog:
     """Generate a changelog based on the commit history."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args: ChangelogArgs) -> None:
         if not git.is_git_project():
             raise NotAGitProjectError()
 
@@ -59,17 +77,17 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
 
         self.changelog_format = get_changelog_format(self.config, self.file_name)
 
-        self.incremental = args["incremental"] or self.config.settings.get(
-            "changelog_incremental"
+        self.incremental = bool(
+            args.get("incremental") or self.config.settings.get("changelog_incremental")
         )
-        self.dry_run = args["dry_run"]
+        self.dry_run = bool(args.get("dry_run"))
 
         self.scheme = get_version_scheme(
             self.config.settings, args.get("version_scheme")
         )
 
         current_version = (
-            args.get("current_version", config.settings.get("version")) or ""
+            args.get("current_version") or self.config.settings.get("version") or ""
         )
         self.current_version = self.scheme(current_version) if current_version else None
 
@@ -84,9 +102,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
             or defaults.CHANGE_TYPE_ORDER,
         )
         self.rev_range = args.get("rev_range")
-        self.tag_format: str = (
-            args.get("tag_format") or self.config.settings["tag_format"]
-        )
+        self.tag_format = args.get("tag_format") or self.config.settings["tag_format"]
         self.tag_rules = TagRules(
             scheme=self.scheme,
             tag_format=self.tag_format,
@@ -164,7 +180,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
         start_rev = self.start_rev
         unreleased_version = self.unreleased_version
         changelog_meta = changelog.Metadata()
-        change_type_map: dict[str, str] | None = self.change_type_map  # type: ignore
+        change_type_map: dict[str, str] | None = self.change_type_map
         changelog_message_builder_hook: MessageBuilderHook | None = (
             self.cz.changelog_message_builder_hook
         )
diff --git a/commitizen/defaults.py b/commitizen/defaults.py
index 4ad7ae4d8f..29c9f2a494 100644
--- a/commitizen/defaults.py
+++ b/commitizen/defaults.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ class Settings(TypedDict, total=False):
     changelog_format: str | None
     changelog_incremental: bool
     changelog_merge_prerelease: bool
+    change_type_map: dict[str, str]
     changelog_start_rev: str | None
     customize: CzSettings
     encoding: str

From b840c4510f1f831d8dd692d89717df151158d575 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 00:59:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 49/77] refactor(check): remove unused argument

---
 commitizen/commands/check.py | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/check.py b/commitizen/commands/check.py
index 82a8039fa3..a293b6f855 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/check.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/check.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import os
 import re
 import sys
 from typing import Any
@@ -17,9 +16,7 @@
 class Check:
     """Check if the current commit msg matches the commitizen format."""
 
-    def __init__(
-        self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict[str, Any], cwd: str = os.getcwd()
-    ) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         """Initial check command.
 
         Args:

From 8a184609fcdd7080275d3b9b3724b61432d7f198 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 01:01:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 50/77] style(bump): rename class for consistency

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index 65827d406e..4bad83f5d6 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 logger = getLogger("commitizen")
 
 
-class BumpArguments(Settings, total=False):
+class BumpArgs(Settings, total=False):
     allow_no_commit: bool | None
     annotated_tag_message: str | None
     annotated_tag: bool
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class BumpArguments(Settings, total=False):
 class Bump:
     """Show prompt for the user to create a guided commit."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: BumpArguments) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: BumpArgs) -> None:
         if not git.is_git_project():
             raise NotAGitProjectError()
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: BumpArguments) -> None:
         self.encoding = config.settings["encoding"]
         self.arguments = arguments
         self.bump_settings = cast(
-            BumpArguments,
+            BumpArgs,
             {
                 **config.settings,
                 **{

From 3fef02fa313d2c26342adcbbc8bda3de39cea189 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 01:08:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 51/77] refactor(check): type CheckArgs arguments

---
 commitizen/commands/check.py | 25 +++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/check.py b/commitizen/commands/check.py
index a293b6f855..ba0beeeb4e 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/check.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/check.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import re
 import sys
-from typing import Any
+from typing import TypedDict
 
 from commitizen import factory, git, out
 from commitizen.config import BaseConfig
@@ -13,10 +13,20 @@
 )
 
 
+class CheckArgs(TypedDict, total=False):
+    commit_msg_file: str
+    commit_msg: str
+    rev_range: str
+    allow_abort: bool
+    message_length_limit: int
+    allowed_prefixes: list[str]
+    message: str
+
+
 class Check:
     """Check if the current commit msg matches the commitizen format."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: CheckArgs) -> None:
         """Initial check command.
 
         Args:
@@ -24,16 +34,15 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
             arguments: All the flags provided by the user
             cwd: Current work directory
         """
-        self.commit_msg_file: str | None = arguments.get("commit_msg_file")
-        self.commit_msg: str | None = arguments.get("message")
-        self.rev_range: str | None = arguments.get("rev_range")
-        self.allow_abort: bool = bool(
+        self.commit_msg_file = arguments.get("commit_msg_file")
+        self.commit_msg = arguments.get("message")
+        self.rev_range = arguments.get("rev_range")
+        self.allow_abort = bool(
             arguments.get("allow_abort", config.settings["allow_abort"])
         )
-        self.max_msg_length: int = arguments.get("message_length_limit", 0)
+        self.max_msg_length = arguments.get("message_length_limit", 0)
 
         # we need to distinguish between None and [], which is a valid value
-
         allowed_prefixes = arguments.get("allowed_prefixes")
         self.allowed_prefixes: list[str] = (
             allowed_prefixes

From 1c30e7e226a3fed52b0498b3b20ef4c1ca1c1454 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 01:16:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 52/77] refactor(commit): type commit args

---
 commitizen/commands/commit.py | 28 +++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/commit.py b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
index 68095d0e0c..43feb272ba 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/commit.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 import subprocess
 import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Union, cast
+from typing import TypedDict
 
 import questionary
 
@@ -28,10 +28,22 @@
 from commitizen.git import smart_open
 
 
+class CommitArgs(TypedDict, total=False):
+    all: bool
+    dry_run: bool
+    edit: bool
+    extra_cli_args: str
+    message_length_limit: int
+    no_retry: bool
+    signoff: bool
+    write_message_to_file: Path | None
+    retry: bool
+
+
 class Commit:
     """Show prompt for the user to create a guided commit."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: dict) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: CommitArgs) -> None:
         if not git.is_git_project():
             raise NotAGitProjectError()
 
@@ -69,7 +81,7 @@ def _prompt_commit_questions(self) -> str:
 
         message = cz.message(answers)
         message_len = len(message.partition("\n")[0].strip())
-        message_length_limit: int = self.arguments.get("message_length_limit", 0)
+        message_length_limit = self.arguments.get("message_length_limit", 0)
         if 0 < message_length_limit < message_len:
             raise CommitMessageLengthExceededError(
                 f"Length of commit message exceeds limit ({message_len}/{message_length_limit})"
@@ -108,12 +120,10 @@ def _get_message(self) -> str:
         return self._prompt_commit_questions()
 
     def __call__(self) -> None:
-        extra_args = cast(str, self.arguments.get("extra_cli_args", ""))
-        dry_run = cast(bool, self.arguments.get("dry_run"))
-        write_message_to_file = cast(
-            Union[Path, None], self.arguments.get("write_message_to_file")
-        )
-        signoff = cast(bool, self.arguments.get("signoff"))
+        extra_args = self.arguments.get("extra_cli_args", "")
+        dry_run = bool(self.arguments.get("dry_run"))
+        write_message_to_file = self.arguments.get("write_message_to_file")
+        signoff = bool(self.arguments.get("signoff"))
 
         if self.arguments.get("all"):
             git.add("-u")

From d273c02d3e7d0308fd2cd77834c05c490adbad04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 01:30:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 53/77] refactor(commands): remove unused args, type version
 command args

---
 commitizen/commands/version.py         | 13 +++++++++----
 tests/commands/test_version_command.py |  1 -
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/version.py b/commitizen/commands/version.py
index ecf1f03129..6b0aa331ad 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/version.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/version.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import platform
 import sys
-from collections.abc import Mapping
-from typing import Any
+from typing import TypedDict
 
 from commitizen import out
 from commitizen.__version__ import __version__
@@ -9,12 +8,18 @@
 from commitizen.providers import get_provider
 
 
+class VersionArgs(TypedDict, total=False):
+    report: bool
+    project: bool
+    verbose: bool
+
+
 class Version:
     """Get the version of the installed commitizen or the current project."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, *args: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: VersionArgs) -> None:
         self.config: BaseConfig = config
-        self.parameter = args[0]
+        self.parameter = arguments
         self.operating_system = platform.system()
         self.python_version = sys.version
 
diff --git a/tests/commands/test_version_command.py b/tests/commands/test_version_command.py
index 927cf55f25..3dcbed168b 100644
--- a/tests/commands/test_version_command.py
+++ b/tests/commands/test_version_command.py
@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ def test_version_use_version_provider(
         {
             "report": False,
             "project": project,
-            "commitizen": False,
             "verbose": not project,
         },
     )()

From 8b3d17c8686ab28bc7fab57266b0031283d4da91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 01:38:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 54/77] style(cli): shorten arg type

---
 commitizen/cli.py | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index e1bd57b523..b5c03527d3 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 import argparse
 import logging
 import sys
-from collections.abc import Sequence
 from copy import deepcopy
 from functools import partial
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ def __call__(
         self,
         parser: argparse.ArgumentParser,
         namespace: argparse.Namespace,
-        kwarg: str | Sequence[object] | None,
+        kwarg: object,
         option_string: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         if not isinstance(kwarg, str):

From a22d028efb0c1cd087a7a13a04feb2b8e11d30be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 01:41:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 55/77] docs(bump): comment on a stupid looking pattern

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index 4bad83f5d6..fa49d37d5e 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: BumpArgs) -> None:
                 **{
                     k: v
                     for k, v in {
+                        # All these are for making mypy happy
                         "annotated_tag_message": arguments.get("annotated_tag_message"),
                         "annotated_tag": arguments.get("annotated_tag"),
                         "bump_message": arguments.get("bump_message"),

From ffacc6e765c3a9db38aa2fa3c69d49b3549bf278 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 01:50:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 56/77] fix(Check): make parameters backward compatiable

---
 commitizen/commands/check.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/check.py b/commitizen/commands/check.py
index ba0beeeb4e..8a7d0dd019 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/check.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/check.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class CheckArgs(TypedDict, total=False):
 class Check:
     """Check if the current commit msg matches the commitizen format."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: CheckArgs) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: CheckArgs, *args: object) -> None:
         """Initial check command.
 
         Args:

From a710d6d15be3c73067311be0ba07d1d328f798ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 01:52:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 57/77] style(changelog): rename parameter for consistency

---
 commitizen/commands/changelog.py | 33 ++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
index 6d150b03f9..f0dd1c516c 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ class ChangelogArgs(TypedDict, total=False):
 class Changelog:
     """Generate a changelog based on the commit history."""
 
-    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args: ChangelogArgs) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: ChangelogArgs) -> None:
         if not git.is_git_project():
             raise NotAGitProjectError()
 
         self.config = config
 
-        changelog_file_name = args.get("file_name") or self.config.settings.get(
+        changelog_file_name = arguments.get("file_name") or self.config.settings.get(
             "changelog_file"
         )
         if not isinstance(changelog_file_name, str):
@@ -71,27 +71,30 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args: ChangelogArgs) -> None:
         self.encoding = self.config.settings["encoding"]
         self.cz = factory.committer_factory(self.config)
 
-        self.start_rev = args.get("start_rev") or self.config.settings.get(
+        self.start_rev = arguments.get("start_rev") or self.config.settings.get(
             "changelog_start_rev"
         )
 
         self.changelog_format = get_changelog_format(self.config, self.file_name)
 
         self.incremental = bool(
-            args.get("incremental") or self.config.settings.get("changelog_incremental")
+            arguments.get("incremental")
+            or self.config.settings.get("changelog_incremental")
         )
-        self.dry_run = bool(args.get("dry_run"))
+        self.dry_run = bool(arguments.get("dry_run"))
 
         self.scheme = get_version_scheme(
-            self.config.settings, args.get("version_scheme")
+            self.config.settings, arguments.get("version_scheme")
         )
 
         current_version = (
-            args.get("current_version") or self.config.settings.get("version") or ""
+            arguments.get("current_version")
+            or self.config.settings.get("version")
+            or ""
         )
         self.current_version = self.scheme(current_version) if current_version else None
 
-        self.unreleased_version = args["unreleased_version"]
+        self.unreleased_version = arguments["unreleased_version"]
         self.change_type_map = (
             self.config.settings.get("change_type_map") or self.cz.change_type_map
         )
@@ -101,24 +104,26 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, args: ChangelogArgs) -> None:
             or self.cz.change_type_order
             or defaults.CHANGE_TYPE_ORDER,
         )
-        self.rev_range = args.get("rev_range")
-        self.tag_format = args.get("tag_format") or self.config.settings["tag_format"]
+        self.rev_range = arguments.get("rev_range")
+        self.tag_format = (
+            arguments.get("tag_format") or self.config.settings["tag_format"]
+        )
         self.tag_rules = TagRules(
             scheme=self.scheme,
             tag_format=self.tag_format,
             legacy_tag_formats=self.config.settings["legacy_tag_formats"],
             ignored_tag_formats=self.config.settings["ignored_tag_formats"],
-            merge_prereleases=args.get("merge_prerelease")
+            merge_prereleases=arguments.get("merge_prerelease")
             or self.config.settings["changelog_merge_prerelease"],
         )
 
         self.template = (
-            args.get("template")
+            arguments.get("template")
             or self.config.settings.get("template")
             or self.changelog_format.template
         )
-        self.extras = args.get("extras") or {}
-        self.export_template_to = args.get("export_template")
+        self.extras = arguments.get("extras") or {}
+        self.export_template_to = arguments.get("export_template")
 
     def _find_incremental_rev(self, latest_version: str, tags: Iterable[GitTag]) -> str:
         """Try to find the 'start_rev'.

From f67ad4c6d0791f6d956e7469e374d0f64a31a272 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 01:55:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 58/77] refactor(bump): improve readability and still bypass
 mypy check

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py | 31 +++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index fa49d37d5e..5edf59e9e8 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -78,22 +78,21 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig, arguments: BumpArgs) -> None:
                 **config.settings,
                 **{
                     k: v
-                    for k, v in {
-                        # All these are for making mypy happy
-                        "annotated_tag_message": arguments.get("annotated_tag_message"),
-                        "annotated_tag": arguments.get("annotated_tag"),
-                        "bump_message": arguments.get("bump_message"),
-                        "file_name": arguments.get("file_name"),
-                        "gpg_sign": arguments.get("gpg_sign"),
-                        "increment_mode": arguments.get("increment_mode"),
-                        "increment": arguments.get("increment"),
-                        "major_version_zero": arguments.get("major_version_zero"),
-                        "prerelease_offset": arguments.get("prerelease_offset"),
-                        "prerelease": arguments.get("prerelease"),
-                        "tag_format": arguments.get("tag_format"),
-                        "template": arguments.get("template"),
-                    }.items()
-                    if v is not None
+                    for k in (
+                        "annotated_tag_message",
+                        "annotated_tag",
+                        "bump_message",
+                        "file_name",
+                        "gpg_sign",
+                        "increment_mode",
+                        "increment",
+                        "major_version_zero",
+                        "prerelease_offset",
+                        "prerelease",
+                        "tag_format",
+                        "template",
+                    )
+                    if (v := arguments.get(k)) is not None
                 },
             },
         )

From 4aaddadbf7d24d253812f8ccdf8fe08dfd1dea47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2025 02:05:23 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 59/77] refactor: remove unnecessary bool() and remove Any type
 from TypedDict get

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py | 8 ++------
 commitizen/defaults.py      | 4 +++-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index 5edf59e9e8..9f8bc08244 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@
 class BumpArgs(Settings, total=False):
     allow_no_commit: bool | None
     annotated_tag_message: str | None
-    annotated_tag: bool
     build_metadata: str | None
     changelog_to_stdout: bool
     changelog: bool
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@ class BumpArgs(Settings, total=False):
     files_only: bool | None
     get_next: bool
     git_output_to_stderr: bool
-    gpg_sign: bool
     increment_mode: str
     increment: Increment | None
     local_version: bool
@@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
 
         if get_next:
             # if trying to use --get-next, we should not allow --changelog or --changelog-to-stdout
-            if self.changelog_flag or bool(self.changelog_to_stdout):
+            if self.changelog_flag or self.changelog_to_stdout:
                 raise NotAllowed(
                     "--changelog or --changelog-to-stdout is not allowed with --get-next"
                 )
@@ -234,9 +232,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
             # If user specified changelog_to_stdout, they probably want the
             # changelog to be generated as well, this is the most intuitive solution
             self.changelog_flag = bool(
-                self.changelog_flag
-                or bool(self.changelog_to_stdout)
-                or self.changelog_config
+                self.changelog_flag or self.changelog_to_stdout or self.changelog_config
             )
 
         rules = TagRules.from_settings(cast(Settings, self.bump_settings))
diff --git a/commitizen/defaults.py b/commitizen/defaults.py
index 29c9f2a494..7a51389b7a 100644
--- a/commitizen/defaults.py
+++ b/commitizen/defaults.py
@@ -32,16 +32,18 @@ class Settings(TypedDict, total=False):
     allow_abort: bool
     allowed_prefixes: list[str]
     always_signoff: bool
+    annotated_tag: bool
     bump_message: str | None
+    change_type_map: dict[str, str]
     changelog_file: str
     changelog_format: str | None
     changelog_incremental: bool
     changelog_merge_prerelease: bool
-    change_type_map: dict[str, str]
     changelog_start_rev: str | None
     customize: CzSettings
     encoding: str
     extras: dict[str, Any]
+    gpg_sign: bool
     ignored_tag_formats: Sequence[str]
     legacy_tag_formats: Sequence[str]
     major_version_zero: bool

From a512174ce0b2077f4707a116ad05bb2bd5d95213 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2025 23:24:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 60/77] style(changelog): add TODO to fixable type ignores

---
 commitizen/commands/changelog.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
index f0dd1c516c..8ca36bdb9a 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/changelog.py
@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ def _write_changelog(
 
     def _export_template(self) -> None:
         tpl = changelog.get_changelog_template(self.cz.template_loader, self.template)
+        # TODO: fix the following type ignores
         src = Path(tpl.filename)  # type: ignore
         Path(self.export_template_to).write_text(src.read_text())  # type: ignore
 

From f9d0834065baf22403af024265fcf9d38ecff762 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2025 23:26:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 61/77] style(cli): more specific type ignore

---
 commitizen/cli.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index b5c03527d3..c13f713a27 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ def main() -> None:
         )
         sys.excepthook = no_raise_debug_excepthook
 
-    args.func(conf, arguments)()  # type: ignore
+    args.func(conf, arguments)()  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

From a440bbcee0a8e9715bd4d08e3eb63e68449af6d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2025 23:35:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 62/77] style(cli): rename kwarg to values

---
 commitizen/cli.py | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index c13f713a27..12db01711c 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -47,17 +47,17 @@ def __call__(
         self,
         parser: argparse.ArgumentParser,
         namespace: argparse.Namespace,
-        kwarg: object,
+        values: object,
         option_string: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
-        if not isinstance(kwarg, str):
+        if not isinstance(values, str):
             return
-        if "=" not in kwarg:
+        if "=" not in values:
             raise InvalidCommandArgumentError(
                 f"Option {option_string} expect a key=value format"
             )
         kwargs = getattr(namespace, self.dest, None) or {}
-        key, value = kwarg.split("=", 1)
+        key, value = values.split("=", 1)
         if not key:
             raise InvalidCommandArgumentError(
                 f"Option {option_string} expect a key=value format"

From e5452e756ace874981867e4c1bfa79d36470c612 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2025 11:24:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 63/77] refactor(bump): use any to replace 'or' chain

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py | 22 +++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index 9f8bc08244..a4024eee35 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
         else:
             # If user specified changelog_to_stdout, they probably want the
             # changelog to be generated as well, this is the most intuitive solution
-            self.changelog_flag = bool(
-                self.changelog_flag or self.changelog_to_stdout or self.changelog_config
+            self.changelog_flag = any(
+                (self.changelog_flag, self.changelog_to_stdout, self.changelog_config)
             )
 
         rules = TagRules.from_settings(cast(Settings, self.bump_settings))
@@ -410,14 +410,18 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
 
         c = git.tag(
             new_tag_version,
-            signed=bool(
-                self.bump_settings.get("gpg_sign")
-                or self.config.settings.get("gpg_sign")
+            signed=any(
+                (
+                    self.bump_settings.get("gpg_sign"),
+                    self.config.settings.get("gpg_sign"),
+                )
             ),
-            annotated=bool(
-                self.bump_settings.get("annotated_tag")
-                or self.config.settings.get("annotated_tag")
-                or self.bump_settings.get("annotated_tag_message")
+            annotated=any(
+                (
+                    self.bump_settings.get("annotated_tag"),
+                    self.config.settings.get("annotated_tag"),
+                    self.bump_settings.get("annotated_tag_message"),
+                )
             ),
             msg=self.bump_settings.get("annotated_tag_message", None),
             # TODO: also get from self.config.settings?

From a9cd957819a22643d5f8e45c6d87717ad8adca15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2025 00:46:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 64/77] perf(bump): avoid unnecessary list construction and
 rename variable to avoid confusion

---
 commitizen/bump.py | 14 ++++++++------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/bump.py b/commitizen/bump.py
index 2fa814f7c8..6d6b6dc069 100644
--- a/commitizen/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/bump.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import os
 import re
 from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from glob import iglob
 from logging import getLogger
 from string import Template
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ def find_increment(
 def update_version_in_files(
     current_version: str,
     new_version: str,
-    files: list[str],
+    files: Iterable[str],
     *,
     check_consistency: bool = False,
     encoding: str = ENCODING,
@@ -99,11 +100,11 @@ def update_version_in_files(
     return updated
 
 
-def _files_and_regexes(patterns: list[str], version: str) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+def _files_and_regexes(patterns: Iterable[str], version: str) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
     """
     Resolve all distinct files with their regexp from a list of glob patterns with optional regexp
     """
-    out: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+    out: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
     for pattern in patterns:
         drive, tail = os.path.splitdrive(pattern)
         path, _, regex = tail.partition(":")
@@ -111,9 +112,10 @@ def _files_and_regexes(patterns: list[str], version: str) -> list[tuple[str, str
         if not regex:
             regex = re.escape(version)
 
-        for path in iglob(filepath):
-            out.append((path, regex))
-    return sorted(list(set(out)))
+        for file in iglob(filepath):
+            out.add((file, regex))
+
+    return sorted(out)
 
 
 def _bump_with_regex(

From 52be9170c99f0b6fbc68bd891d1ce87e447f5a62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2025 23:29:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 65/77] refactor(bump): eliminate similar patterns in code

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py | 14 ++++----------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index a4024eee35..7fe01393a2 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -397,16 +397,10 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
             err = c.err.strip() or c.out
             raise BumpCommitFailedError(f'2nd git.commit error: "{err}"')
 
-        if c.out:
-            if self.git_output_to_stderr:
-                out.diagnostic(c.out)
-            else:
-                out.write(c.out)
-        if c.err:
-            if self.git_output_to_stderr:
-                out.diagnostic(c.err)
-            else:
-                out.write(c.err)
+        for msg in (c.out, c.err):
+            if msg:
+                out_func = out.diagnostic if self.git_output_to_stderr else out.write
+                out_func(msg)
 
         c = git.tag(
             new_tag_version,

From 542d46b835669920c696f9ee0349584ae3adff22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2025 02:03:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 66/77] refactor(git): simplify tag logic

---
 commitizen/git.py | 10 ++++------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index fb59750eaf..0f5f820eb2 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -160,16 +160,14 @@ def from_line(cls, line: str, inner_delimiter: str) -> GitTag:
 def tag(
     tag: str, annotated: bool = False, signed: bool = False, msg: str | None = None
 ) -> cmd.Command:
-    _opt = ""
-    if annotated:
-        _opt = f"-a {tag} -m"
-    if signed:
-        _opt = f"-s {tag} -m"
+    if not annotated and not signed:
+        return cmd.run(f"git tag {tag}")
 
     # according to https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging,
     # we're not able to create lightweight tag with message.
     # by adding message, we make it a annotated tags
-    return cmd.run(f'git tag {_opt} "{tag if _opt == "" or msg is None else msg}"')
+    option = "-s" if signed else "-a"  # The else case is for annotated tags
+    return cmd.run(f'git tag {option} {tag} -m "{msg or tag}"')
 
 
 def add(*args: str) -> cmd.Command:

From ca0f250e4b5cd5831cd72308ec79cd337d93a77a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2025 01:50:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 67/77] refactor(git): retype get_commits parameter to make it
 more friendly to call sites

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py  | 5 +----
 commitizen/commands/check.py | 2 +-
 commitizen/git.py            | 7 +++++--
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index 7fe01393a2..ec4cb0b0b6 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -253,10 +253,7 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
                 ) from exc
         else:
             if increment is None:
-                if current_tag:
-                    commits = git.get_commits(current_tag.name)
-                else:
-                    commits = git.get_commits()
+                commits = git.get_commits(current_tag.name if current_tag else None)
 
                 # No commits, there is no need to create an empty tag.
                 # Unless we previously had a prerelease.
diff --git a/commitizen/commands/check.py b/commitizen/commands/check.py
index 8a7d0dd019..ba003cf3cc 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/check.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/check.py
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def _get_commits(self) -> list[git.GitCommit]:
             return [git.GitCommit(rev="", title="", body=self._filter_comments(msg))]
 
         # Get commit messages from git log (--rev-range)
-        return git.get_commits(end=self.rev_range or "HEAD")
+        return git.get_commits(end=self.rev_range)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _filter_comments(msg: str) -> str:
diff --git a/commitizen/git.py b/commitizen/git.py
index 0f5f820eb2..8025041abb 100644
--- a/commitizen/git.py
+++ b/commitizen/git.py
@@ -201,15 +201,18 @@ def _create_commit_cmd_string(args: str, committer_date: str | None, name: str)
 
 def get_commits(
     start: str | None = None,
-    end: str = "HEAD",
+    end: str | None = None,
     *,
     args: str = "",
 ) -> list[GitCommit]:
     """Get the commits between start and end."""
+    if end is None:
+        end = "HEAD"
     git_log_entries = _get_log_as_str_list(start, end, args)
     return [
         GitCommit.from_rev_and_commit(rev_and_commit)
-        for rev_and_commit in filter(None, git_log_entries)
+        for rev_and_commit in git_log_entries
+        if rev_and_commit
     ]
 
 

From 6faa8a85a5cd87b03c8eb6da2108cbeccb1e7328 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2025 01:33:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 68/77] refactor(bump): simplify nested if

---
 commitizen/commands/bump.py | 16 ++++++----------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/bump.py b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
index ec4cb0b0b6..ba252fcf21 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/bump.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/bump.py
@@ -206,17 +206,13 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
             if get_next:
                 raise NotAllowed("--get-next cannot be combined with MANUAL_VERSION")
 
-        if self.bump_settings["major_version_zero"]:
-            if not current_version.release[0] == 0:
-                raise NotAllowed(
-                    f"--major-version-zero is meaningless for current version {current_version}"
-                )
+        if self.bump_settings["major_version_zero"] and current_version.release[0]:
+            raise NotAllowed(
+                f"--major-version-zero is meaningless for current version {current_version}"
+            )
 
-        if build_metadata:
-            if is_local_version:
-                raise NotAllowed(
-                    "--local-version cannot be combined with --build-metadata"
-                )
+        if build_metadata and is_local_version:
+            raise NotAllowed("--local-version cannot be combined with --build-metadata")
 
         if get_next:
             # if trying to use --get-next, we should not allow --changelog or --changelog-to-stdout

From b31e0cc6c99db3708e20f510c187026f4959ea63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2025 00:11:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 69/77] fix(commit): emit deprecated warning of cz commit -s

---
 commitizen/commands/commit.py | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/commit.py b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
index 43feb272ba..bb4c2fdc94 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/commit.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
@@ -125,6 +125,11 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
         write_message_to_file = self.arguments.get("write_message_to_file")
         signoff = bool(self.arguments.get("signoff"))
 
+        if signoff:
+            out.warn(
+                "Deprecated warning: `cz commit -s` is deprecated and will be removed in v5, please use `cz commit -- -s` instead."
+            )
+
         if self.arguments.get("all"):
             git.add("-u")
 
@@ -147,11 +152,6 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
         if dry_run:
             raise DryRunExit()
 
-        if signoff:
-            out.warn(
-                "signoff mechanic is deprecated, please use `cz commit -- -s` instead."
-            )
-
         if self.config.settings["always_signoff"] or signoff:
             extra_args = f"{extra_args} -s".strip()
 

From 9320f7eec91acba140a99524b5650d2510a25fb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2025 00:26:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 70/77] fix(cli): update description for deprecate warning

Closes #1135
---
 commitizen/cli.py                                             | 4 ++--
 ...st_bump_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option.txt | 2 +-
 ..._commit_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option.txt | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cli.py b/commitizen/cli.py
index 12db01711c..6f7556df49 100644
--- a/commitizen/cli.py
+++ b/commitizen/cli.py
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def __call__(
                     {
                         "name": ["-s", "--signoff"],
                         "action": "store_true",
-                        "help": "sign off the commit",
+                        "help": "Deprecated, use 'cz commit -- -s' instead",
                     },
                     {
                         "name": ["-a", "--all"],
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ def __call__(
                     },
                     {
                         "name": ["--version-type"],
-                        "help": "Deprecated, use --version-scheme",
+                        "help": "Deprecated, use --version-scheme instead",
                         "default": None,
                         "choices": version_schemes.KNOWN_SCHEMES,
                     },
diff --git a/tests/commands/test_bump_command/test_bump_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option.txt b/tests/commands/test_bump_command/test_bump_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option.txt
index 5d4438875d..4cf8e6c91b 100644
--- a/tests/commands/test_bump_command/test_bump_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option.txt
+++ b/tests/commands/test_bump_command/test_bump_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option.txt
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ options:
   --version-scheme {pep440,semver,semver2}
                         choose version scheme
   --version-type {pep440,semver,semver2}
-                        Deprecated, use --version-scheme
+                        Deprecated, use --version-scheme instead
   --build-metadata BUILD_METADATA
                         Add additional build-metadata to the version-number
   --get-next            Determine the next version and write to stdout
diff --git a/tests/commands/test_commit_command/test_commit_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option.txt b/tests/commands/test_commit_command/test_commit_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option.txt
index dd1f53f3da..ba531042aa 100644
--- a/tests/commands/test_commit_command/test_commit_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option.txt
+++ b/tests/commands/test_commit_command/test_commit_command_shows_description_when_use_help_option.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ options:
   --write-message-to-file FILE_PATH
                         write message to file before committing (can be
                         combined with --dry-run)
-  -s, --signoff         sign off the commit
+  -s, --signoff         Deprecated, use 'cz commit -- -s' instead
   -a, --all             Tell the command to automatically stage files that
                         have been modified and deleted, but new files you have
                         not told Git about are not affected.

From 626e67c8114706aebc8f3d78592b84ff0ac4b1e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 May 2025 23:30:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 71/77] refactor(questions): type questions with TypedDict

---
 commitizen/commands/commit.py                 |  2 +-
 commitizen/cz/base.py                         |  4 +--
 .../conventional_commits.py                   |  6 ++--
 commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py          |  7 ++--
 commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py                    |  4 +--
 commitizen/defaults.py                        |  6 ++--
 commitizen/question.py                        | 32 +++++++++++++++++++
 tests/conftest.py                             |  3 +-
 8 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 commitizen/question.py

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/commit.py b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
index bb4c2fdc94..19bb72fb00 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/commit.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/commit.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def _prompt_commit_questions(self) -> str:
         # Prompt user for the commit message
         cz = self.cz
         questions = cz.questions()
-        for question in filter(lambda q: q["type"] == "list", questions):
+        for question in (q for q in questions if q["type"] == "list"):
             question["use_shortcuts"] = self.config.settings["use_shortcuts"]
         try:
             answers = questionary.prompt(questions, style=cz.style)
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/base.py b/commitizen/cz/base.py
index 9e803c3d01..a30540cae6 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/base.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/base.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 from commitizen import git
 from commitizen.config.base_config import BaseConfig
-from commitizen.defaults import Questions
+from commitizen.question import CzQuestion
 
 
 class MessageBuilderHook(Protocol):
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig) -> None:
             self.config.settings.update({"style": BaseCommitizen.default_style_config})
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def questions(self) -> Questions:
+    def questions(self) -> Iterable[CzQuestion]:
         """Questions regarding the commit message."""
 
     @abstractmethod
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
index 912770a726..ca4809a90e 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from commitizen import defaults
 from commitizen.cz.base import BaseCommitizen
 from commitizen.cz.utils import multiple_line_breaker, required_validator
-from commitizen.defaults import Questions
+from commitizen.question import CzQuestion
 
 __all__ = ["ConventionalCommitsCz"]
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class ConventionalCommitsCz(BaseCommitizen):
     }
     changelog_pattern = defaults.BUMP_PATTERN
 
-    def questions(self) -> Questions:
+    def questions(self) -> list[CzQuestion]:
         return [
             {
                 "type": "list",
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ def questions(self) -> Questions:
             },
             {
                 "type": "confirm",
-                "message": "Is this a BREAKING CHANGE? Correlates with MAJOR in SemVer",
                 "name": "is_breaking_change",
+                "message": "Is this a BREAKING CHANGE? Correlates with MAJOR in SemVer",
                 "default": False,
             },
             {
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py b/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py
index 8f844501ec..6581ad444e 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
+from commitizen.question import CzQuestion
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from jinja2 import Template
 else:
@@ -14,7 +16,6 @@
 from commitizen import defaults
 from commitizen.config import BaseConfig
 from commitizen.cz.base import BaseCommitizen
-from commitizen.defaults import Questions
 from commitizen.exceptions import MissingCzCustomizeConfigError
 
 __all__ = ["CustomizeCommitsCz"]
@@ -45,8 +46,8 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig) -> None:
             if value := self.custom_settings.get(attr_name):
                 setattr(self, attr_name, value)
 
-    def questions(self) -> Questions:
-        return self.custom_settings.get("questions", [{}])
+    def questions(self) -> list[CzQuestion]:
+        return self.custom_settings.get("questions", [{}])  # type: ignore
 
     def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
         message_template = Template(self.custom_settings.get("message_template", ""))
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py b/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
index 05e23e1690..eafded615e 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import os
 
 from commitizen.cz.base import BaseCommitizen
-from commitizen.defaults import Questions
+from commitizen.question import CzQuestion
 
 __all__ = ["JiraSmartCz"]
 
 
 class JiraSmartCz(BaseCommitizen):
-    def questions(self) -> Questions:
+    def questions(self) -> list[CzQuestion]:
         return [
             {
                 "type": "input",
diff --git a/commitizen/defaults.py b/commitizen/defaults.py
index 7a51389b7a..a49d6d9428 100644
--- a/commitizen/defaults.py
+++ b/commitizen/defaults.py
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@
 from collections.abc import Iterable, MutableMapping, Sequence
 from typing import Any, TypedDict
 
+from commitizen.question import CzQuestion
+
 # Type
-Questions = Iterable[MutableMapping[str, Any]]
+Questions = Iterable[MutableMapping[str, Any]]  # TODO: deprecate this?
 
 
 class CzSettings(TypedDict, total=False):
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ class CzSettings(TypedDict, total=False):
     bump_map_major_version_zero: OrderedDict[str, str]
     change_type_order: list[str]
 
-    questions: Questions
+    questions: Iterable[CzQuestion]
     example: str | None
     schema_pattern: str | None
     schema: str | None
diff --git a/commitizen/question.py b/commitizen/question.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..393e386092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commitizen/question.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from typing import Callable, Literal, TypedDict, Union
+
+
+class Choice(TypedDict, total=False):
+    value: str
+    name: str
+    key: str
+
+
+class ListQuestion(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Literal["list"]
+    name: str
+    message: str
+    choices: list[Choice]
+    use_shortcuts: bool
+
+
+class InputQuestion(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Literal["input"]
+    name: str
+    message: str
+    filter: Callable[[str], str]
+
+
+class ConfirmQuestion(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["confirm"]
+    name: str
+    message: str
+    default: bool
+
+
+CzQuestion = Union[ListQuestion, InputQuestion, ConfirmQuestion]
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 1b49dcbfaa..a4815b3d5a 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 from commitizen.config import BaseConfig
 from commitizen.cz import registry
 from commitizen.cz.base import BaseCommitizen
+from commitizen.question import CzQuestion
 from tests.utils import create_file_and_commit
 
 SIGNER = "GitHub Action"
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ def use_cz_semver(mocker):
 
 
 class MockPlugin(BaseCommitizen):
-    def questions(self) -> defaults.Questions:
+    def questions(self) -> list[CzQuestion]:
         return []
 
     def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:

From a2723055beb81b68244a102e14a4827f49ddc134 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 12:31:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 72/77] refactor(check): compile once and rename variable

---
 commitizen/commands/check.py | 27 +++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/commands/check.py b/commitizen/commands/check.py
index ba003cf3cc..69147bcfbe 100644
--- a/commitizen/commands/check.py
+++ b/commitizen/commands/check.py
@@ -79,20 +79,19 @@ def __call__(self) -> None:
         if not commits:
             raise NoCommitsFoundError(f"No commit found with range: '{self.rev_range}'")
 
-        pattern = self.cz.schema_pattern()
-        displayed_msgs_content = "\n".join(
-            [
-                f'commit "{commit.rev}": "{commit.message}"'
-                for commit in commits
-                if not self.validate_commit_message(commit.message, pattern)
-            ]
+        pattern = re.compile(self.cz.schema_pattern())
+        invalid_msgs_content = "\n".join(
+            f'commit "{commit.rev}": "{commit.message}"'
+            for commit in commits
+            if not self._validate_commit_message(commit.message, pattern)
         )
-        if displayed_msgs_content:
+        if invalid_msgs_content:
+            # TODO: capitalize the first letter of the error message for consistency in v5
             raise InvalidCommitMessageError(
                 "commit validation: failed!\n"
                 "please enter a commit message in the commitizen format.\n"
-                f"{displayed_msgs_content}\n"
-                f"pattern: {pattern}"
+                f"{invalid_msgs_content}\n"
+                f"pattern: {pattern.pattern}"
             )
         out.success("Commit validation: successful!")
 
@@ -143,14 +142,18 @@ def _filter_comments(msg: str) -> str:
                 lines.append(line)
         return "\n".join(lines)
 
-    def validate_commit_message(self, commit_msg: str, pattern: str) -> bool:
+    def _validate_commit_message(
+        self, commit_msg: str, pattern: re.Pattern[str]
+    ) -> bool:
         if not commit_msg:
             return self.allow_abort
 
         if any(map(commit_msg.startswith, self.allowed_prefixes)):
             return True
+
         if self.max_msg_length:
             msg_len = len(commit_msg.partition("\n")[0].strip())
             if msg_len > self.max_msg_length:
                 return False
-        return bool(re.match(pattern, commit_msg))
+
+        return bool(pattern.match(commit_msg))

From a92dbe35e78c2f408ed30e13a04ce52c45d01ac9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 21:10:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 73/77] refactor: do not guess if changelog format is provided

---
 commitizen/changelog_formats/__init__.py       | 17 +++++++++++------
 commitizen/factory.py                          |  4 +---
 tests/test_changelog_formats.py                |  8 ++++----
 tests/{test_defaults.py => test_deprecated.py} |  6 +++++-
 4 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 rename tests/{test_defaults.py => test_deprecated.py} (84%)

diff --git a/commitizen/changelog_formats/__init__.py b/commitizen/changelog_formats/__init__.py
index b7b3cac01d..9a5eea7ab2 100644
--- a/commitizen/changelog_formats/__init__.py
+++ b/commitizen/changelog_formats/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
-from typing import ClassVar, Protocol
+from typing import Callable, ClassVar, Protocol
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
     from importlib import metadata
@@ -64,10 +64,9 @@ def get_changelog_format(
     :raises FormatUnknown: if a non-empty name is provided but cannot be found in the known formats
     """
     name: str | None = config.settings.get("changelog_format")
-    format: type[ChangelogFormat] | None = guess_changelog_format(filename)
-
-    if name and name in KNOWN_CHANGELOG_FORMATS:
-        format = KNOWN_CHANGELOG_FORMATS[name]
+    format = (
+        name and KNOWN_CHANGELOG_FORMATS.get(name) or _guess_changelog_format(filename)
+    )
 
     if not format:
         raise ChangelogFormatUnknown(f"Unknown changelog format '{name}'")
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ def get_changelog_format(
     return format(config)
 
 
-def guess_changelog_format(filename: str | None) -> type[ChangelogFormat] | None:
+def _guess_changelog_format(filename: str | None) -> type[ChangelogFormat] | None:
     """
     Try guessing the file format from the filename.
 
@@ -91,3 +90,9 @@ def guess_changelog_format(filename: str | None) -> type[ChangelogFormat] | None
             if filename.endswith(f".{alt_extension}"):
                 return format
     return None
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> Callable[[str], type[ChangelogFormat] | None]:
+    if name == "guess_changelog_format":
+        return _guess_changelog_format
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__} has no attribute {name}")
diff --git a/commitizen/factory.py b/commitizen/factory.py
index b5d665b65e..d9e99fb771 100644
--- a/commitizen/factory.py
+++ b/commitizen/factory.py
@@ -8,12 +8,10 @@ def committer_factory(config: BaseConfig) -> BaseCommitizen:
     """Return the correct commitizen existing in the registry."""
     name: str = config.settings["name"]
     try:
-        _cz = registry[name](config)
+        return registry[name](config)
     except KeyError:
         msg_error = (
             "The committer has not been found in the system.\n\n"
             f"Try running 'pip install {name}'\n"
         )
         raise NoCommitizenFoundException(msg_error)
-    else:
-        return _cz
diff --git a/tests/test_changelog_formats.py b/tests/test_changelog_formats.py
index dec23720dc..e0d99e0325 100644
--- a/tests/test_changelog_formats.py
+++ b/tests/test_changelog_formats.py
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 from commitizen.changelog_formats import (
     KNOWN_CHANGELOG_FORMATS,
     ChangelogFormat,
+    _guess_changelog_format,
     get_changelog_format,
-    guess_changelog_format,
 )
 from commitizen.config.base_config import BaseConfig
 from commitizen.exceptions import ChangelogFormatUnknown
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("format", KNOWN_CHANGELOG_FORMATS.values())
 def test_guess_format(format: type[ChangelogFormat]):
-    assert guess_changelog_format(f"CHANGELOG.{format.extension}") is format
+    assert _guess_changelog_format(f"CHANGELOG.{format.extension}") is format
     for ext in format.alternative_extensions:
-        assert guess_changelog_format(f"CHANGELOG.{ext}") is format
+        assert _guess_changelog_format(f"CHANGELOG.{ext}") is format
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("filename", ("CHANGELOG", "NEWS", "file.unknown", None))
 def test_guess_format_unknown(filename: str):
-    assert guess_changelog_format(filename) is None
+    assert _guess_changelog_format(filename) is None
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
diff --git a/tests/test_defaults.py b/tests/test_deprecated.py
similarity index 84%
rename from tests/test_defaults.py
rename to tests/test_deprecated.py
index 73cd35b80c..41bea81a73 100644
--- a/tests/test_defaults.py
+++ b/tests/test_deprecated.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import pytest
 
-from commitizen import defaults
+from commitizen import changelog_formats, defaults
 
 
 def test_getattr_deprecated_vars():
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ def test_getattr_deprecated_vars():
         assert defaults.change_type_order == defaults.CHANGE_TYPE_ORDER
         assert defaults.encoding == defaults.ENCODING
         assert defaults.name == defaults.DEFAULT_SETTINGS["name"]
+        assert (
+            changelog_formats._guess_changelog_format
+            == changelog_formats.guess_changelog_format
+        )
 
     # Verify warning messages
     assert len(record) == 7

From 965f34e4d424b630f8fa552ec87da8d027d710ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 12:37:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 74/77] refactor(conventional_commits): make schema_pattern
 more readable

---
 .../conventional_commits.py                   | 22 ++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
index ca4809a90e..8e6caac1f5 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
@@ -174,11 +174,27 @@ def schema(self) -> str:
         )
 
     def schema_pattern(self) -> str:
+        change_types = (
+            "build",
+            "bump",
+            "chore",
+            "ci",
+            "docs",
+            "feat",
+            "fix",
+            "perf",
+            "refactor",
+            "revert",
+            "style",
+            "test",
+        )
         return (
             r"(?s)"  # To explicitly make . match new line
-            r"(build|ci|docs|feat|fix|perf|refactor|style|test|chore|revert|bump)"  # type
-            r"(\(\S+\))?!?:"  # scope
-            r"( [^\n\r]+)"  # subject
+            r"(" + "|".join(change_types) + r")"  # type
+            r"(\(\S+\))?"  # scope
+            r"!?"
+            r": "
+            r"([^\n\r]+)"  # subject
             r"((\n\n.*)|(\s*))?$"
         )
 

From 6cbe580b416d63bde3677dd9f21f4399d4638167 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 21:46:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 75/77] refactor(conventional_commits): use TypedDict for
 answers

---
 .../cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py  | 12 +++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
index 8e6caac1f5..6893423478 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/conventional_commits/conventional_commits.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import os
+from typing import TypedDict
 
 from commitizen import defaults
 from commitizen.cz.base import BaseCommitizen
@@ -16,6 +17,15 @@ def _parse_subject(text: str) -> str:
     return required_validator(text.strip(".").strip(), msg="Subject is required.")
 
 
+class ConventionalCommitsAnswers(TypedDict):
+    prefix: str
+    scope: str
+    subject: str
+    body: str
+    footer: str
+    is_breaking_change: bool
+
+
 class ConventionalCommitsCz(BaseCommitizen):
     bump_pattern = defaults.BUMP_PATTERN
     bump_map = defaults.BUMP_MAP
@@ -136,7 +146,7 @@ def questions(self) -> list[CzQuestion]:
             },
         ]
 
-    def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
+    def message(self, answers: ConventionalCommitsAnswers) -> str:  # type: ignore[override]
         prefix = answers["prefix"]
         scope = answers["scope"]
         subject = answers["subject"]

From 56b113cf7f8a2dc5922fb5c0c1db3d554daf7163 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 21:46:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 76/77] refactor(jira): refactor message

---
 commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py | 15 ++++-----------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py b/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
index eafded615e..8bf8c210b3 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
@@ -43,18 +43,11 @@ def questions(self) -> list[CzQuestion]:
             },
         ]
 
-    def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
+    def message(self, answers: dict[str, str]) -> str:
         return " ".join(
-            filter(
-                bool,
-                [
-                    answers["message"],
-                    answers["issues"],
-                    answers["workflow"],
-                    answers["time"],
-                    answers["comment"],
-                ],
-            )
+            x
+            for k in ("message", "issues", "workflow", "time", "comment")
+            if (x := answers.get(k))
         )
 
     def example(self) -> str:

From d968f2622fa6fa1c701d96c8a62a41fc9f599378 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yu-Ting Hsiung <bear890707@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 22:04:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 77/77] style: replace dict with Mapping

---
 commitizen/cz/base.py                | 4 ++--
 commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py | 5 +++--
 commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py           | 3 ++-
 tests/conftest.py                    | 6 +++---
 tests/test_cz_base.py                | 4 +++-
 5 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commitizen/cz/base.py b/commitizen/cz/base.py
index a30540cae6..cdc1476694 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/base.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/base.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
-from collections.abc import Iterable
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
 from typing import Any, Callable, Protocol
 
 from jinja2 import BaseLoader, PackageLoader
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def questions(self) -> Iterable[CzQuestion]:
         """Questions regarding the commit message."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
+    def message(self, answers: Mapping[str, Any]) -> str:
         """Format your git message."""
 
     @property
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py b/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py
index 6581ad444e..d6e9f9a5c3 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/customize/customize.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from commitizen.question import CzQuestion
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: BaseConfig) -> None:
     def questions(self) -> list[CzQuestion]:
         return self.custom_settings.get("questions", [{}])  # type: ignore
 
-    def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
+    def message(self, answers: Mapping[str, Any]) -> str:
         message_template = Template(self.custom_settings.get("message_template", ""))
         if getattr(Template, "substitute", None):
             return message_template.substitute(**answers)  # type: ignore
diff --git a/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py b/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
index 8bf8c210b3..4e6024ff74 100644
--- a/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
+++ b/commitizen/cz/jira/jira.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import os
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 
 from commitizen.cz.base import BaseCommitizen
 from commitizen.question import CzQuestion
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def questions(self) -> list[CzQuestion]:
             },
         ]
 
-    def message(self, answers: dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    def message(self, answers: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
         return " ".join(
             x
             for k in ("message", "issues", "workflow", "time", "comment")
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index a4815b3d5a..324ef9bebb 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import os
 import re
 import tempfile
-from collections.abc import Iterator
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def questions(self) -> list:
             },
         ]
 
-    def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
+    def message(self, answers: Mapping) -> str:
         prefix = answers["prefix"]
         subject = answers.get("subject", "default message").trim()
         return f"{prefix}: {subject}"
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class MockPlugin(BaseCommitizen):
     def questions(self) -> list[CzQuestion]:
         return []
 
-    def message(self, answers: dict) -> str:
+    def message(self, answers: Mapping) -> str:
         return ""
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_cz_base.py b/tests/test_cz_base.py
index be93b4ca0f..0ee5a23fb8 100644
--- a/tests/test_cz_base.py
+++ b/tests/test_cz_base.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+
 import pytest
 
 from commitizen.cz.base import BaseCommitizen
@@ -7,7 +9,7 @@ class DummyCz(BaseCommitizen):
     def questions(self):
         return [{"type": "input", "name": "commit", "message": "Initial commit:\n"}]
 
-    def message(self, answers: dict):
+    def message(self, answers: Mapping):
         return answers["commit"]