feat: Add support for Python 3.12

[gcf-owl-bot]

Source-Link: googleapis/synthtool@af16e6d
Post-Processor: gcr.io/cloud-devrel-public-resources/owlbot-python:latest@sha256:bacc3af03bff793a03add584537b36b5644342931ad989e3ba1171d3bd5399f5

[parthea]

Wait for cl/585108329

[tswast]

@tswast Is the python 3.12 failure expected?

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
_____________________________ test_recursion_limit _____________________________
[gw2] linux -- Python 3.12.0 /tmpfs/src/github/python-bigquery-dataframes/.nox/system_prerelease/bin/python

scalars_df_index = <[RecursionError('maximum recursion depth exceeded') raised in repr()] DataFrame object at 0x7f4e09fbc6e0>

    def test_recursion_limit(scalars_df_index):
        scalars_df_index = scalars_df_index[["int64_too", "int64_col", "float64_col"]]
        for i in range(400):
            scalars_df_index = scalars_df_index + 4
>       scalars_df_index.to_pandas()

Looks like this was a intentional regression in the behavior of setrecursionlimit in Python 3.12. python/cpython#112282 I'll skip this test for now. It's possible the work in #427 will address this in a different way.

CC @TrevorBergeron