Add function to log the memory contexts of specified backend process.

Commit 3e98c0b added pg_backend_memory_contexts view to display
the memory contexts of the backend process. However its target process
is limited to the backend that is accessing to the view. So this is
not so convenient when investigating the local memory bloat of other
backend process. To improve this situation, this commit adds
pg_log_backend_memory_contexts() function that requests to log
the memory contexts of the specified backend process.

This information can be also collected by calling
MemoryContextStats(TopMemoryContext) via a debugger. But
this technique cannot be used in some environments because no debugger
is available there. So, pg_log_backend_memory_contexts() allows us to
see the memory contexts of specified backend more easily.

Only superusers are allowed to request to log the memory contexts
because allowing any users to issue this request at an unbounded rate
would cause lots of log messages and which can lead to denial of service.

On receipt of the request, at the next CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS(),
the target backend logs its memory contexts at LOG_SERVER_ONLY level,
so that these memory contexts will appear in the server log but not
be sent to the client. It logs one message per memory context.
Because if it buffers all memory contexts into StringInfo to log them
as one message, which may require the buffer to be enlarged very much
and lead to OOM error since there can be a large number of memory
contexts in a backend.

When a backend process is consuming huge memory, logging all its
memory contexts might overrun available disk space. To prevent this,
now this patch limits the number of child contexts to log per parent
to 100. As with MemoryContextStats(), it supposes that practical cases
where the log gets long will typically be huge numbers of siblings
under the same parent context; while the additional debugging value
from seeing details about individual siblings beyond 100 will not be large.

There was another proposed patch to add the function to return
the memory contexts of specified backend as the result sets,
instead of logging them, in the discussion. However that patch is
not included in this commit because it had several issues to address.

Thanks to Tatsuhito Kasahara, Andres Freund, Tom Lane, Tomas Vondra,
Michael Paquier, Kyotaro Horiguchi and Zhihong Yu for the discussion.

Bump catalog version.

Author: Atsushi Torikoshi
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi, Zhihong Yu, Fujii Masao
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/0271f440ac77f2a4180e0e56ebd944d1@oss.nttdata.com

Author: MasaoFujii

doc/src/sgml/func.sgml

@@ -24913,6 +24913,26 @@ SELECT collation for ('foo' COLLATE "de_DE");
        </para></entry>
       </row>
 
+      <row>
+       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
+        <indexterm>
+         <primary>pg_log_backend_memory_contexts</primary>
+        </indexterm>
+        <function>pg_log_backend_memory_contexts</function> ( <parameter>pid</parameter> <type>integer</type> )
+        <returnvalue>boolean</returnvalue>
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        Requests to log the memory contexts whose backend process has
+        the specified process ID.  These memory contexts will be logged at
+        <literal>LOG</literal> message level. They will appear in
+        the server log based on the log configuration set
+        (See <xref linkend="runtime-config-logging"/> for more information),
+        but will not be sent to the client whatever the setting of
+        <xref linkend="guc-client-min-messages"/>.
+        Only superusers can request to log the memory contexts.
+       </para></entry>
+      </row>
+
       <row>
        <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
         <indexterm>
@@ -24983,6 +25003,38 @@ SELECT collation for ('foo' COLLATE "de_DE");
     <structname>pg_stat_activity</structname> view.
    </para>
 
+   <para>
+    <function>pg_log_backend_memory_contexts</function> can be used
+    to log the memory contexts of the backend process. For example,
+<programlisting>
+postgres=# SELECT pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(pg_backend_pid());
+ pg_log_backend_memory_contexts 
+--------------------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+</programlisting>
+One message for each memory context will be logged. For example:
+<screen>
+LOG:  logging memory contexts of PID 10377
+STATEMENT:  SELECT pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(pg_backend_pid());
+LOG:  level: 0; TopMemoryContext: 80800 total in 6 blocks; 14432 free (5 chunks); 66368 used
+LOG:  level: 1; pgstat TabStatusArray lookup hash table: 8192 total in 1 blocks; 1408 free (0 chunks); 6784 used
+LOG:  level: 1; TopTransactionContext: 8192 total in 1 blocks; 7720 free (1 chunks); 472 used
+LOG:  level: 1; RowDescriptionContext: 8192 total in 1 blocks; 6880 free (0 chunks); 1312 used
+LOG:  level: 1; MessageContext: 16384 total in 2 blocks; 5152 free (0 chunks); 11232 used
+LOG:  level: 1; Operator class cache: 8192 total in 1 blocks; 512 free (0 chunks); 7680 used
+LOG:  level: 1; smgr relation table: 16384 total in 2 blocks; 4544 free (3 chunks); 11840 used
+LOG:  level: 1; TransactionAbortContext: 32768 total in 1 blocks; 32504 free (0 chunks); 264 used
+...
+LOG:  level: 1; ErrorContext: 8192 total in 1 blocks; 7928 free (3 chunks); 264 used
+LOG:  Grand total: 1651920 bytes in 201 blocks; 622360 free (88 chunks); 1029560 used
+</screen>
+    For more than 100 child contexts under the same parent one,
+    100 child contexts and a summary of the remaining ones will be logged.
+    Note that frequent calls to this function could incur significant overhead,
+    because it may generate a large number of log messages.
+   </para>
+
   </sect2>
 
   <sect2 id="functions-admin-backup">

src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "storage/shmem.h"
 #include "storage/sinval.h"
 #include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
+#include "utils/memutils.h"
 
 /*
  * The SIGUSR1 signal is multiplexed to support signaling multiple event
@@ -657,6 +658,9 @@ procsignal_sigusr1_handler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 	if (CheckProcSignal(PROCSIG_BARRIER))
 		HandleProcSignalBarrierInterrupt();
 
+	if (CheckProcSignal(PROCSIG_LOG_MEMORY_CONTEXT))
+		HandleLogMemoryContextInterrupt();
+
 	if (CheckProcSignal(PROCSIG_RECOVERY_CONFLICT_DATABASE))
 		RecoveryConflictInterrupt(PROCSIG_RECOVERY_CONFLICT_DATABASE);
 

src/backend/tcop/postgres.c

@@ -3327,6 +3327,9 @@ ProcessInterrupts(void)
 
 	if (ParallelMessagePending)
 		HandleParallelMessages();
+
+	if (LogMemoryContextPending)
+		ProcessLogMemoryContextInterrupt();
 }
 
 

src/backend/utils/adt/mcxtfuncs.c

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include "funcapi.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
+#include "storage/proc.h"
+#include "storage/procarray.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 
 /* ----------
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ PutMemoryContextsStatsTupleStore(Tuplestorestate *tupstore,
 
 	/* Examine the context itself */
 	memset(&stat, 0, sizeof(stat));
-	(*context->methods->stats) (context, NULL, (void *) &level, &stat);
+	(*context->methods->stats) (context, NULL, (void *) &level, &stat, true);
 
 	memset(values, 0, sizeof(values));
 	memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls));
@@ -155,3 +157,59 @@ pg_get_backend_memory_contexts(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	return (Datum) 0;
 }
+
+/*
+ * pg_log_backend_memory_contexts
+ *		Signal a backend process to log its memory contexts.
+ *
+ * Only superusers are allowed to signal to log the memory contexts
+ * because allowing any users to issue this request at an unbounded
+ * rate would cause lots of log messages and which can lead to
+ * denial of service.
+ *
+ * On receipt of this signal, a backend sets the flag in the signal
+ * handler, which causes the next CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS() to log the
+ * memory contexts.
+ */
+Datum
+pg_log_backend_memory_contexts(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	int			pid = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	PGPROC	   *proc = BackendPidGetProc(pid);
+
+	/*
+	 * BackendPidGetProc returns NULL if the pid isn't valid; but by the time
+	 * we reach kill(), a process for which we get a valid proc here might
+	 * have terminated on its own.  There's no way to acquire a lock on an
+	 * arbitrary process to prevent that. But since this mechanism is usually
+	 * used to debug a backend running and consuming lots of memory, that it
+	 * might end on its own first and its memory contexts are not logged is
+	 * not a problem.
+	 */
+	if (proc == NULL)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * This is just a warning so a loop-through-resultset will not abort
+		 * if one backend terminated on its own during the run.
+		 */
+		ereport(WARNING,
+				(errmsg("PID %d is not a PostgreSQL server process", pid)));
+		PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
+	}
+
+	/* Only allow superusers to log memory contexts. */
+	if (!superuser())
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+				 errmsg("must be a superuser to log memory contexts")));
+
+	if (SendProcSignal(pid, PROCSIG_LOG_MEMORY_CONTEXT, proc->backendId) < 0)
+	{
+		/* Again, just a warning to allow loops */
+		ereport(WARNING,
+				(errmsg("could not send signal to process %d: %m", pid)));
+		PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
+	}
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
+}

src/backend/utils/init/globals.c

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ volatile sig_atomic_t ClientConnectionLost = false;
 volatile sig_atomic_t IdleInTransactionSessionTimeoutPending = false;
 volatile sig_atomic_t IdleSessionTimeoutPending = false;
 volatile sig_atomic_t ProcSignalBarrierPending = false;
+volatile sig_atomic_t LogMemoryContextPending = false;
 volatile uint32 InterruptHoldoffCount = 0;
 volatile uint32 QueryCancelHoldoffCount = 0;
 volatile uint32 CritSectionCount = 0;

src/backend/utils/mmgr/aset.c

@@ -272,7 +272,8 @@ static Size AllocSetGetChunkSpace(MemoryContext context, void *pointer);
 static bool AllocSetIsEmpty(MemoryContext context);
 static void AllocSetStats(MemoryContext context,
 						  MemoryStatsPrintFunc printfunc, void *passthru,
-						  MemoryContextCounters *totals);
+						  MemoryContextCounters *totals,
+						  bool print_to_stderr);
 
 #ifdef MEMORY_CONTEXT_CHECKING
 static void AllocSetCheck(MemoryContext context);
@@ -1336,11 +1337,12 @@ AllocSetIsEmpty(MemoryContext context)
  * printfunc: if not NULL, pass a human-readable stats string to this.
  * passthru: pass this pointer through to printfunc.
  * totals: if not NULL, add stats about this context into *totals.
+ * print_to_stderr: print stats to stderr if true, elog otherwise.
  */
 static void
 AllocSetStats(MemoryContext context,
 			  MemoryStatsPrintFunc printfunc, void *passthru,
-			  MemoryContextCounters *totals)
+			  MemoryContextCounters *totals, bool print_to_stderr)
 {
 	AllocSet	set = (AllocSet) context;
 	Size		nblocks = 0;
@@ -1379,7 +1381,7 @@ AllocSetStats(MemoryContext context,
 				 "%zu total in %zd blocks; %zu free (%zd chunks); %zu used",
 				 totalspace, nblocks, freespace, freechunks,
 				 totalspace - freespace);
-		printfunc(context, passthru, stats_string);
+		printfunc(context, passthru, stats_string, print_to_stderr);
 	}
 
 	if (totals)

src/backend/utils/mmgr/generation.c

@@ -155,7 +155,8 @@ static Size GenerationGetChunkSpace(MemoryContext context, void *pointer);
 static bool GenerationIsEmpty(MemoryContext context);
 static void GenerationStats(MemoryContext context,
 							MemoryStatsPrintFunc printfunc, void *passthru,
-							MemoryContextCounters *totals);
+							MemoryContextCounters *totals,
+							bool print_to_stderr);
 
 #ifdef MEMORY_CONTEXT_CHECKING
 static void GenerationCheck(MemoryContext context);
@@ -665,14 +666,15 @@ GenerationIsEmpty(MemoryContext context)
  * printfunc: if not NULL, pass a human-readable stats string to this.
  * passthru: pass this pointer through to printfunc.
  * totals: if not NULL, add stats about this context into *totals.
+ * print_to_stderr: print stats to stderr if true, elog otherwise.
  *
  * XXX freespace only accounts for empty space at the end of the block, not
  * space of freed chunks (which is unknown).
  */
 static void
 GenerationStats(MemoryContext context,
 				MemoryStatsPrintFunc printfunc, void *passthru,
-				MemoryContextCounters *totals)
+				MemoryContextCounters *totals, bool print_to_stderr)
 {
 	GenerationContext *set = (GenerationContext *) context;
 	Size		nblocks = 0;
@@ -704,7 +706,7 @@ GenerationStats(MemoryContext context,
 				 "%zu total in %zd blocks (%zd chunks); %zu free (%zd chunks); %zu used",
 				 totalspace, nblocks, nchunks, freespace,
 				 nfreechunks, totalspace - freespace);
-		printfunc(context, passthru, stats_string);
+		printfunc(context, passthru, stats_string, print_to_stderr);
 	}
 
 	if (totals)