Fix MakeTransitionCaptureState() to return a consistent result

When an UPDATE trigger referencing a new table and a DELETE trigger
referencing an old table are both present, MakeTransitionCaptureState()
returns an inconsistent result for UPDATE commands in its set of flags
and tuplestores holding the TransitionCaptureState for transition
tables.

As proved by the test added here, this issue causes a crash in v14 and
earlier versions (down to 11, actually, older versions do not support
triggers on partitioned tables) during cross-partition updates on a
partitioned table.  v15 and newer versions are safe thanks to
7103ebb.

This commit fixes the function so that it returns a consistent state
by using portions of the changes made in commit 7103ebb for v13 and
v14.  v15 and newer versions are slightly tweaked to match with the
older versions, mainly for consistency across branches.

Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250207.150238.968446820828052276.horikyota.ntt@gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13

Author: michaelpq

src/backend/commands/trigger.c

@@ -5000,10 +5000,10 @@ MakeTransitionCaptureState(TriggerDesc *trigdesc, Oid relid, CmdType cmdType)
 
 	/* Now build the TransitionCaptureState struct, in caller's context */
 	state = (TransitionCaptureState *) palloc0(sizeof(TransitionCaptureState));
-	state->tcs_delete_old_table = trigdesc->trig_delete_old_table;
-	state->tcs_update_old_table = trigdesc->trig_update_old_table;
-	state->tcs_update_new_table = trigdesc->trig_update_new_table;
-	state->tcs_insert_new_table = trigdesc->trig_insert_new_table;
+	state->tcs_delete_old_table = need_old_del;
+	state->tcs_update_old_table = need_old_upd;
+	state->tcs_update_new_table = need_new_upd;
+	state->tcs_insert_new_table = need_new_ins;
 	state->tcs_private = table;
 
 	return state;

src/test/regress/expected/triggers.out

@@ -3074,6 +3074,55 @@ drop trigger child_row_trig on child;
 alter table parent attach partition child for values in ('AAA');
 drop table child, parent;
 --
+-- Verify access of transition tables with UPDATE triggers and tuples
+-- moved across partitions.
+--
+create or replace function dump_update_new() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, new table = %', TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by a) from new_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+create or replace function dump_update_old() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %', TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by a) from old_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+create table trans_tab_parent (a text) partition by list (a);
+create table trans_tab_child1 partition of trans_tab_parent for values in ('AAA1', 'AAA2');
+create table trans_tab_child2 partition of trans_tab_parent for values in ('BBB1', 'BBB2');
+create trigger trans_tab_parent_update_trig
+  after update on trans_tab_parent referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update_old();
+create trigger trans_tab_parent_insert_trig
+  after insert on trans_tab_parent referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger trans_tab_parent_delete_trig
+  after delete on trans_tab_parent referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+insert into trans_tab_parent values ('AAA1'), ('BBB1');
+NOTICE:  trigger = trans_tab_parent_insert_trig, new table = (AAA1), (BBB1)
+-- should not trigger access to new table when moving across partitions.
+update trans_tab_parent set a = 'BBB2' where a = 'AAA1';
+NOTICE:  trigger = trans_tab_parent_update_trig, old table = (AAA1)
+drop trigger trans_tab_parent_update_trig on trans_tab_parent;
+create trigger trans_tab_parent_update_trig
+  after update on trans_tab_parent referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update_new();
+-- should not trigger access to old table when moving across partitions.
+update trans_tab_parent set a = 'AAA2' where a = 'BBB1';
+NOTICE:  trigger = trans_tab_parent_update_trig, new table = (AAA2)
+delete from trans_tab_parent;
+NOTICE:  trigger = trans_tab_parent_delete_trig, old table = (AAA2), (BBB2)
+-- clean up
+drop table trans_tab_parent, trans_tab_child1, trans_tab_child2;
+drop function dump_update_new, dump_update_old;
+--
 -- Verify behavior of statement triggers on (non-partition)
 -- inheritance hierarchy with transition tables; similar to the
 -- partition case, except there is no rerouting on insertion and child

src/test/regress/sql/triggers.sql

@@ -2187,6 +2187,52 @@ alter table parent attach partition child for values in ('AAA');
 
 drop table child, parent;
 
+--
+-- Verify access of transition tables with UPDATE triggers and tuples
+-- moved across partitions.
+--
+create or replace function dump_update_new() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, new table = %', TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by a) from new_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+create or replace function dump_update_old() returns trigger language plpgsql as
+$$
+  begin
+    raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %', TG_NAME,
+                 (select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by a) from old_table);
+    return null;
+  end;
+$$;
+create table trans_tab_parent (a text) partition by list (a);
+create table trans_tab_child1 partition of trans_tab_parent for values in ('AAA1', 'AAA2');
+create table trans_tab_child2 partition of trans_tab_parent for values in ('BBB1', 'BBB2');
+create trigger trans_tab_parent_update_trig
+  after update on trans_tab_parent referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update_old();
+create trigger trans_tab_parent_insert_trig
+  after insert on trans_tab_parent referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
+create trigger trans_tab_parent_delete_trig
+  after delete on trans_tab_parent referencing old table as old_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
+insert into trans_tab_parent values ('AAA1'), ('BBB1');
+-- should not trigger access to new table when moving across partitions.
+update trans_tab_parent set a = 'BBB2' where a = 'AAA1';
+drop trigger trans_tab_parent_update_trig on trans_tab_parent;
+create trigger trans_tab_parent_update_trig
+  after update on trans_tab_parent referencing new table as new_table
+  for each statement execute procedure dump_update_new();
+-- should not trigger access to old table when moving across partitions.
+update trans_tab_parent set a = 'AAA2' where a = 'BBB1';
+delete from trans_tab_parent;
+-- clean up
+drop table trans_tab_parent, trans_tab_child1, trans_tab_child2;
+drop function dump_update_new, dump_update_old;
+
 --
 -- Verify behavior of statement triggers on (non-partition)
 -- inheritance hierarchy with transition tables; similar to the