Avoid crash when rolling back within a prepared statement.

If a portal is used to run a prepared CALL or DO statement that
contains a ROLLBACK, PortalRunMulti fails because the portal's
statement list gets cleared by the rollback.  (Since the grammar
doesn't allow CALL/DO in PREPARE, the only easy way to get to this is
via extended query protocol, which treats all inputs as prepared
statements.)  It's difficult to avoid resetting the portal early
because of resource-management issues, so work around this by teaching
PortalRunMulti to be wary of portal->stmts having suddenly become NIL.

The crash has only been seen to occur in v13 and HEAD (as a
consequence of commit 1cff1b9 having added an extra touch of
portal->stmts).  But even before that, the code involved touching a
List that the portal no longer has any claim on.  In the test case at
hand, the List will still exist because of another refcount on the
cached plan; but I'm far from convinced that it's impossible for the
cached plan to have been dropped by the time control gets back to
PortalRunMulti.  Hence, backpatch to v11 where nested transactions
were added.

Thomas Munro and Tom Lane, per bug #16811 from James Inform

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16811-c1b599b2c6c2d622@postgresql.org

Author: tglsfdc

src/backend/tcop/pquery.c

@@ -1330,19 +1330,30 @@ PortalRunMulti(Portal portal,
 			}
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Increment command counter between queries, but not after the last
-		 * one.
-		 */
-		if (lnext(stmtlist_item) != NULL)
-			CommandCounterIncrement();
-
 		/*
 		 * Clear subsidiary contexts to recover temporary memory.
 		 */
 		Assert(portal->portalContext == CurrentMemoryContext);
 
 		MemoryContextDeleteChildren(portal->portalContext);
+
+		/*
+		 * Avoid crashing if portal->stmts has been reset.  This can only
+		 * occur if a CALL or DO utility statement executed an internal
+		 * COMMIT/ROLLBACK (cf PortalReleaseCachedPlan).  The CALL or DO must
+		 * have been the only statement in the portal, so there's nothing left
+		 * for us to do; but we don't want to dereference a now-dangling list
+		 * pointer.
+		 */
+		if (portal->stmts == NIL)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Increment command counter between queries, but not after the last
+		 * one.
+		 */
+		if (lnext(stmtlist_item) != NULL)
+			CommandCounterIncrement();
 	}
 
 	/* Pop the snapshot if we pushed one. */