Fix edge case in plpgsql's make_callstmt_target().

If the plancache entry for the CALL statement is already stale,
it's possible for us to fetch an old procedure OID out of it,
and then fail with "cache lookup failed for function NNN".
In ordinary usage this never happens because make_callstmt_target
is called just once immediately after building the plancache
entry.  It can be forced however by setting up an erroneous CALL
(that causes make_callstmt_target itself to report an error),
then dropping/recreating the target procedure, then repeating
the erroneous CALL.

To fix, use SPI_plan_get_cached_plan() to fetch the plancache's
plan, rather than assuming we can use SPI_plan_get_plan_sources().
This shouldn't add any noticeable overhead in the normal case,
and in the stale-plan case we'd have had to replan anyway a little
further down.

The other callers of SPI_plan_get_plan_sources() seem OK, because
either they don't need up-to-date plans or they know that the
query was just (re) planned.  But add some commentary in hopes
of not falling into this trap again.

Per bug #18574 from Song Hongyu.  Back-patch to v14 where this coding
was introduced.  (Older branches have comparable code, but it's run
after any required replanning, so there's no issue.)

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18574-2ce7ba3249221389@postgresql.org

Author: tglsfdc

src/backend/executor/spi.c

@@ -2044,6 +2044,8 @@ SPI_result_code_string(int code)
  * SPI_plan_get_plan_sources --- get a SPI plan's underlying list of
  * CachedPlanSources.
  *
+ * CAUTION: there is no check on whether the CachedPlanSources are up-to-date.
+ *
  * This is exported so that PL/pgSQL can use it (this beats letting PL/pgSQL
  * look directly into the SPIPlan for itself).  It's not documented in
  * spi.sgml because we'd just as soon not have too many places using this.

src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c

@@ -2276,8 +2276,8 @@ exec_stmt_call(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate, PLpgSQL_stmt_call *stmt)
 static PLpgSQL_variable *
 make_callstmt_target(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate, PLpgSQL_expr *expr)
 {
-	List	   *plansources;
-	CachedPlanSource *plansource;
+	CachedPlan *cplan;
+	PlannedStmt *pstmt;
 	CallStmt   *stmt;
 	FuncExpr   *funcexpr;
 	HeapTuple	func_tuple;
@@ -2294,16 +2294,15 @@ make_callstmt_target(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate, PLpgSQL_expr *expr)
 	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(get_eval_mcontext(estate));
 
 	/*
-	 * Get the parsed CallStmt, and look up the called procedure
+	 * Get the parsed CallStmt, and look up the called procedure.  We use
+	 * SPI_plan_get_cached_plan to cover the edge case where expr->plan is
+	 * already stale and needs to be updated.
 	 */
-	plansources = SPI_plan_get_plan_sources(expr->plan);
-	if (list_length(plansources) != 1)
-		elog(ERROR, "query for CALL statement is not a CallStmt");
-	plansource = (CachedPlanSource *) linitial(plansources);
-	if (list_length(plansource->query_list) != 1)
+	cplan = SPI_plan_get_cached_plan(expr->plan);
+	if (cplan == NULL || list_length(cplan->stmt_list) != 1)
 		elog(ERROR, "query for CALL statement is not a CallStmt");
-	stmt = (CallStmt *) linitial_node(Query,
-									  plansource->query_list)->utilityStmt;
+	pstmt = linitial_node(PlannedStmt, cplan->stmt_list);
+	stmt = (CallStmt *) pstmt->utilityStmt;
 	if (stmt == NULL || !IsA(stmt, CallStmt))
 		elog(ERROR, "query for CALL statement is not a CallStmt");
 
@@ -2383,6 +2382,8 @@ make_callstmt_target(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate, PLpgSQL_expr *expr)
 
 	row->nfields = nfields;
 
+	ReleaseCachedPlan(cplan, CurrentResourceOwner);
+
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
 
 	return (PLpgSQL_variable *) row;
@@ -4245,8 +4246,9 @@ exec_stmt_execsql(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate,
 			/*
 			 * We could look at the raw_parse_tree, but it seems simpler to
 			 * check the command tag.  Note we should *not* look at the Query
-			 * tree(s), since those are the result of rewriting and could have
-			 * been transmogrified into something else entirely.
+			 * tree(s), since those are the result of rewriting and could be
+			 * stale, or could have been transmogrified into something else
+			 * entirely.
 			 */
 			if (plansource->commandTag == CMDTAG_INSERT ||
 				plansource->commandTag == CMDTAG_UPDATE ||