doc: Update redirecting links

Update links that resulted in redirects.  Most are changes from http to
https, but there are also some other minor edits.  (There are still some
redirects where the target URL looks less elegant than the one we
currently have.  I have left those as is.)

Author: petere

doc/src/sgml/acronyms.sgml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
  <para>
   <literal>bloom</literal> provides an index access method based on
-  <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter">Bloom filters</ulink>.
+  <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter">Bloom filters</ulink>.
  </para>
 
  <para>

doc/src/sgml/bloom.sgml

@@ -1889,7 +1889,7 @@ host ... ldap ldapserver=ldap.example.net ldapbasedn="dc=example, dc=net" ldapse
     connected remote host name or IP address. Therefore the user must already
     exist in the database before PAM can be used for authentication.  For more
     information about PAM, please read the
-    <ulink url="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/">
+    <ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/">
     <productname>Linux-PAM</productname> Page</ulink>.
    </para>
 

doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml

@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@
    structure and content of a technical document without worrying
    about presentation details.  A document style defines how that
    content is rendered into one of several final forms.  DocBook is
-   maintained by the <ulink url="http://www.oasis-open.org">
-   OASIS group</ulink>.  The <ulink url="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/">
+   maintained by the <ulink url="https://www.oasis-open.org">
+   OASIS group</ulink>.  The <ulink url="https://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/">
    official DocBook site</ulink> has good introductory and reference documentation and
    a complete O'Reilly book for your online reading pleasure.  The
    <ulink url="http://newbiedoc.sourceforge.net/metadoc/docbook-guide.html">
    NewbieDoc Docbook Guide</ulink> is very helpful for beginners.
-   The <ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/docproj/docproj.html">
+   The <ulink url="https://www.freebsd.org/docproj/docproj.html">
    FreeBSD Documentation Project</ulink> also uses DocBook and has some good
    information, including a number of style guidelines that might be
    worth considering.
@@ -187,12 +187,6 @@ pkg install docbook-xml docbook-xsl fop libxslt
     directory you'll need to use <command>gmake</command>, because the
     makefile provided is not suitable for FreeBSD's <command>make</command>.
    </para>
-
-   <para>
-    More information about the FreeBSD documentation tools can be
-    found in the <ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/tools.html">
-    FreeBSD Documentation Project's instructions</ulink>.
-   </para>
   </sect2>
 
   <sect2>
@@ -276,7 +270,7 @@ checking for fop... fop
 
    <para>
     To produce HTML documentation with the stylesheet used on <ulink
-    url="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current">postgresql.org</ulink> instead of the
+    url="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/">postgresql.org</ulink> instead of the
     default simple style use:
 <screen>
 <prompt>doc/src/sgml$ </prompt><userinput>make STYLE=website html</userinput>

doc/src/sgml/docguide.sgml

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
       <entry>DBD::Pg</entry>
       <entry>Perl</entry>
       <entry>Perl DBI driver</entry>
-      <entry><ulink url="https://metacpan.org/release/DBD-Pg/"></ulink></entry>
+      <entry><ulink url="https://metacpan.org/release/DBD-Pg"></ulink></entry>
      </row>
 
      <row>
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
       <entry>pgtclng</entry>
       <entry>Tcl</entry>
       <entry></entry>
-      <entry><ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/pgtclng/"></ulink></entry>
+      <entry><ulink url="https://sourceforge.net/projects/pgtclng/"></ulink></entry>
      </row>
 
      <row>
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
   <para>
    There are several administration tools available for
    <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. The most popular is
-   <application><ulink url="http://www.pgadmin.org/">pgAdmin</ulink></application>,
+   <application><ulink url="https://www.pgadmin.org/">pgAdmin</ulink></application>,
    and there are several commercially available ones as well.
   </para>
  </sect1>

doc/src/sgml/external-projects.sgml

@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@
    <productname>POSTGRES</productname> has also been used as an
    educational tool at several universities.  Finally, Illustra
    Information Technologies (later merged into
-   <ulink url="http://www.informix.com/"><productname>Informix</productname></ulink>,
+   <ulink url="https://www.ibm.com/analytics/informix"><productname>Informix</productname></ulink>,
    which is now owned by <ulink
-   url="http://www.ibm.com/">IBM</ulink>) picked up the code and
+   url="https://www.ibm.com/">IBM</ulink>) picked up the code and
    commercialized it.  In late 1992,
    <productname>POSTGRES</productname> became the primary data manager
    for the

doc/src/sgml/history.sgml

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ $ENV{MSBFLAGS}="/m";
       ActiveState Perl is required to run the build generation scripts. MinGW
       or Cygwin Perl will not work. It must also be present in the PATH.
       Binaries can be downloaded from
-      <ulink url="http://www.activestate.com"></ulink>
+      <ulink url="https://www.activestate.com"></ulink>
       (Note: version 5.8.3 or later is required,
       the free Standard Distribution is sufficient).
      </para></listitem>
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ $ENV{MSBFLAGS}="/m";
      <term><productname>OpenSSL</productname></term>
      <listitem><para>
       Required for SSL support. Binaries can be downloaded from
-      <ulink url="http://www.slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html"></ulink>
+      <ulink url="https://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html"></ulink>
       or source from <ulink url="https://www.openssl.org"></ulink>.
      </para></listitem>
     </varlistentry>
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ $ENV{MSBFLAGS}="/m";
      <term><productname>Python</productname></term>
      <listitem><para>
       Required for building <application>PL/Python</application>. Binaries can
-      be downloaded from <ulink url="http://www.python.org"></ulink>.
+      be downloaded from <ulink url="https://www.python.org"></ulink>.
      </para></listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ $ENV{CONFIG}="Debug";
       ActiveState Perl installation, nor in the ActiveState Perl Package
       Manager (PPM) library. To install, download the
       <filename>IPC-Run-&lt;version&gt;.tar.gz</filename> source archive from CPAN,
-      at <ulink url="https://metacpan.org/release/IPC-Run/"></ulink>, and
+      at <ulink url="https://metacpan.org/release/IPC-Run"></ulink>, and
       uncompress. Edit the <filename>buildenv.pl</filename> file, and add a PERL5LIB
       variable to point to the <filename>lib</filename> subdirectory from the
       extracted archive. For example:

doc/src/sgml/install-windows.sgml

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ su - postgres
   <para>
    If you need to get a <acronym>GNU</acronym> package, you can find
    it at your local <acronym>GNU</acronym> mirror site (see <ulink
-   url="http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html"></ulink>
+   url="https://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp"></ulink>
    for a list) or at <ulink
    url="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/"></ulink>.
   </para>
@@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
     <filename>/etc/profile</filename> or <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>.  Some
     good information about the caveats associated with this method can
     be found at <ulink
-    url="http://xahlee.org/UnixResource_dir/_/ldpath.html"></ulink>.
+    url="http://xahlee.info/UnixResource_dir/_/ldpath.html"></ulink>.
    </para>
 
    <para>
@@ -2534,7 +2534,7 @@ PHSS_30849  s700_800 u2comp/be/plugin library Patch
 
    <para>
      To build 64 bit binaries using MinGW, install the 64 bit tool set
-     from <ulink url="http://mingw-w64.sourceforge.net/"></ulink>, put its bin
+     from <ulink url="https://mingw-w64.org/"></ulink>, put its bin
      directory in the <envar>PATH</envar>, and run
      <command>configure</command> with the
      <command>--host=x86_64-w64-mingw32</command> option.
@@ -2593,14 +2593,14 @@ PHSS_30849  s700_800 u2comp/be/plugin library Patch
 
     <para>
      You can download Sun Studio
-     from <ulink url="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solarisstudio/downloads/"></ulink>.
+     from <ulink url="https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solarisstudio/downloads/"></ulink>.
      Many of GNU tools are integrated into Solaris 10, or they are
      present on the Solaris companion CD.  If you like packages for
      older version of Solaris, you can find these tools
      at <ulink url="http://www.sunfreeware.com"></ulink>.
      If you prefer
      sources, look
-     at <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html"></ulink>.
+     at <ulink url="https://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp"></ulink>.
     </para>
    </sect3>
 

doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml

@@ -355,19 +355,19 @@ SELECT isbn13(id) FROM test;
    The information to implement this module was collected from
    several sites, including:
    <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.isbn-international.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>
+    <listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.isbn-international.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>
     <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.issn.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.ismn-international.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.wikipedia.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>
+    <listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.ismn-international.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>
+    <listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.wikipedia.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
 
    The prefixes used for hyphenation were also compiled from:
    <itemizedlist>
-    <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.gs1.org/productssolutions/idkeys/support/prefix_list.html"></ulink></para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para><ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISBN_identifier_groups"></ulink></para></listitem>
+    <listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.gs1.org/standards/id-keys"></ulink></para></listitem>
+    <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISBN_identifier_groups"></ulink></para></listitem>
     <listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.isbn-international.org/content/isbn-users-manual"></ulink></para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para><ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number"></ulink></para></listitem>
-    <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.ismn-international.org/ranges.html"></ulink></para></listitem>
+    <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number"></ulink></para></listitem>
+    <listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.ismn-international.org/ranges.html"></ulink></para></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
 
    Care was taken during the creation of the algorithms and they

doc/src/sgml/isn.sgml

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ msgstr "another translated"
     can also be named
     <filename><replaceable>language</replaceable>_<replaceable>region</replaceable>.po</filename>
     where <replaceable>region</replaceable> is the
-    <ulink url="http://www.iso.org/iso/country_names_and_code_elements">
+    <ulink url="https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html">
     ISO 3166-1 two-letter country code (in upper case)</ulink>,
     e.g.,
     <filename>pt_BR.po</filename> for Portuguese in Brazil.  If you

doc/src/sgml/nls.sgml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
  <para>
   You can adapt this module to your needs by changing the source code.
   For example, you can use
-  <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/cracklib/">CrackLib</ulink>
+  <ulink url="https://sourceforge.net/projects/cracklib/">CrackLib</ulink>
   to check passwords &mdash; this only requires uncommenting
   two lines in the <filename>Makefile</filename> and rebuilding the
   module.  (We cannot include <productname>CrackLib</productname>

doc/src/sgml/passwordcheck.sgml

@@ -956,9 +956,9 @@ gpg -a --export-secret-keys KEYID > secret.key
   </para>
   <para>
    For more details see <literal>man gpg</literal>,
-   <ulink url="http://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual.html">The GNU
+   <ulink url="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual.html">The GNU
    Privacy Handbook</ulink> and other documentation on
-   <ulink url="http://www.gnupg.org"></ulink>.
+   <ulink url="https://www.gnupg.org/"></ulink>.
   </para>
  </sect3>
 
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ gen_random_uuid() returns uuid
 
    <para>
     The implementation does not resist
-    <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-channel_attack">side-channel
+    <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-channel_attack">side-channel
     attacks</ulink>.  For example, the time required for
     a <filename>pgcrypto</filename> decryption function to complete varies among
     ciphertexts of a given size.
@@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ gen_random_uuid() returns uuid
 
    <itemizedlist>
     <listitem>
-     <para><ulink url="http://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual.html"></ulink></para>
+     <para><ulink url="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual.html"></ulink></para>
      <para>The GNU Privacy Handbook.</para>
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
@@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@ gen_random_uuid() returns uuid
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <ulink url="http://www.stack.nl/~galactus/remailers/passphrase-faq.html"></ulink>
+      <ulink url="http://www.iusmentis.com/security/passphrasefaq/"></ulink>
      </para>
      <para>How to choose a good password.</para>
     </listitem>
@@ -1330,13 +1330,13 @@ gen_random_uuid() returns uuid
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <ulink url="http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix99/provos.html"></ulink>
+      <ulink url="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/usenix99/provos.html"></ulink>
      </para>
      <para>Comparison of crypt-des, crypt-md5 and bcrypt algorithms.</para>
     </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
-      <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_(PRNG)"></ulink>
+      <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_(PRNG)"></ulink>
      </para>
      <para>Description of Fortuna CSPRNG.</para>
     </listitem>

doc/src/sgml/pgcrypto.sgml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  <para>
   The <application>PL/Python</application> procedural language allows
   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> functions to be written in the
-  <ulink url="http://www.python.org">Python language</ulink>.
+  <ulink url="https://www.python.org">Python language</ulink>.
  </para>
 
  <para>
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
    </itemizedlist>
 
    This scheme is analogous to the recommendations in <ulink
-   url="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/">PEP 394</ulink> regarding the
+   url="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/">PEP 394</ulink> regarding the
    naming and transitioning of the <command>python</command> command.
   </para>
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
 
   <para>
    See also the
-   document <ulink url="http://docs.python.org/py3k/whatsnew/3.0.html">What's
+   document <ulink url="https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.0.html">What's
    New In Python 3.0</ulink> for more information about porting to
    Python 3.
   </para>
@@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ $$ LANGUAGE plpythonu;
       batch of rows, never larger than the parameter value.  Once all rows are
       exhausted, <literal>fetch</literal> starts returning an empty result
       object.  Cursor objects also provide an
-      <ulink url="http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#iterator-types">iterator
+      <ulink url="https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#iterator-types">iterator
       interface</ulink>, yielding one row at a time until all rows are
       exhausted.  Data fetched that way is not returned as result objects, but
       rather as dictionaries, each dictionary corresponding to a single result
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ $$ LANGUAGE plpythonu;
       <para>
         Do not confuse objects created by <literal>plpy.cursor</literal> with
         DB-API cursors as defined by
-        the <ulink url="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/">Python
+        the <ulink url="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/">Python
         Database API specification</ulink>.  They don't have anything in common
         except for the name.
       </para>
@@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ $$ LANGUAGE plpythonu;
     helper object to manage explicit subtransactions that gets created
     with the <literal>plpy.subtransaction()</literal> function.
     Objects created by this function implement the
-    <ulink url="http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#context-manager-types">
+    <ulink url="https://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#context-manager-types">
     context manager interface</ulink>.  Using explicit subtransactions
     we can rewrite our function as:
 <programlisting>
@@ -1373,7 +1373,7 @@ $$ LANGUAGE plpythonu;
      Although context managers were implemented in Python 2.5, to use
      the <literal>with</literal> syntax in that version you need to
      use a <ulink
-     url="http://docs.python.org/release/2.5/ref/future.html">future
+     url="https://docs.python.org/release/2.5/ref/future.html">future
      statement</ulink>.  Because of implementation details, however,
      you cannot use future statements in PL/Python functions.
     </para>

doc/src/sgml/plpython.sgml

@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
    It is better to report everything the first time than us having to squeeze the
    facts out of you. On the other hand, if your input files are huge, it is
    fair to ask first whether somebody is interested in looking into it.  Here is
-   an <ulink url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html">article</ulink>
+   an <ulink url="https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html">article</ulink>
    that outlines some more tips on reporting bugs.
   </para>
 

doc/src/sgml/problems.sgml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ non-ASCII characters            find using grep -P '[\x80-\xFF]'
         one page:      http://www.zipcon.net/~swhite/docs/computers/browsers/entities_page.html
         other lists:   http://www.zipcon.net/~swhite/docs/computers/browsers/entities.html
                        http://www.zipcon.net/~swhite/docs/computers/browsers/entities_page.html
-                       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references
+                       https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references
 
         We cannot use UTF8 because back branches still use SGML Docbook,
         which does not support it.  Also, rendering engines have to
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ For new features, add links to the documentation sections.
    A complete list of changes for each release can be obtained by
    viewing the <link linkend="git">Git</link> logs for each release.
    The <ulink
-   url="https://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-committers/"><literal>pgsql-committers</literal>
+   url="https://www.postgresql.org/list/pgsql-committers/"><literal>pgsql-committers</literal>
    email list</ulink> records all source code changes as well.  There is also
-   a <ulink url="https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb?p=postgresql.git;a=summary">web
+   a <ulink url="https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=summary">web
    interface</ulink> that shows changes to specific files.
   </para>
 

doc/src/sgml/release.sgml

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ postgres$ <userinput>initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</userinput>
     If the client or server <acronym>NFS</acronym> implementation does not
     provide standard file system semantics, this can
     cause reliability problems (see <ulink
-    url="http://www.time-travellers.org/shane/papers/NFS_considered_harmful.html"></ulink>).
+    url="https://www.time-travellers.org/shane/papers/NFS_considered_harmful.html"></ulink>).
     Specifically, delayed (asynchronous) writes to the <acronym>NFS</acronym>
     server can cause data corruption problems.  If possible, mount the
     <acronym>NFS</acronym> file system synchronously (without caching) to avoid
@@ -1400,7 +1400,7 @@ Out of Memory: Killed process 12345 (postgres).
     On Linux 2.6 and later, it is possible to modify the
     kernel's behavior so that it will not <quote>overcommit</quote> memory.
     Although this setting will not prevent the <ulink
-    url="http://lwn.net/Articles/104179/">OOM killer</ulink> from being invoked
+    url="https://lwn.net/Articles/104179/">OOM killer</ulink> from being invoked
     altogether, it will lower the chances significantly and will therefore
     lead to more robust system behavior.  This is done by selecting strict
     overcommit mode via <command>sysctl</command>: