Avoid looping over all type cache entries in TypeCacheRelCallback()

Currently, when a single relcache entry gets invalidated,
TypeCacheRelCallback() has to loop over all type cache entries to find
appropriate typentry to invalidate.  Unfortunately, using the syscache here
is impossible, because this callback could be called outside a transaction
and this makes impossible catalog lookups.  This is why present commit
introduces RelIdToTypeIdCacheHash to map relation OID to its composite type
OID.

We are keeping RelIdToTypeIdCacheHash entry while corresponding type cache
entry have something to clean.  Therefore, RelIdToTypeIdCacheHash shouldn't
get bloat in the case of temporary tables flood.

There are many places in lookup_type_cache() where syscache invalidation,
user interruption, or even error could occur.  In order to handle this, we
keep an array of in-progress type cache entries.  In the case of
lookup_type_cache() interruption this array is processed to keep
RelIdToTypeIdCacheHash in a consistent state.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5812a6e5-68ae-4d84-9d85-b443176966a1%40sigaev.ru
Author: Teodor Sigaev
Reviewed-by: Aleksander Alekseev, Tom Lane, Michael Paquier, Roman Zharkov
Reviewed-by: Andrei Lepikhov, Pavel Borisov, Jian He, Alexander Lakhin
Reviewed-by: Artur Zakirov

Author: akorotkov

src/backend/access/transam/xact.c

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@
 #include "utils/snapmgr.h"
 #include "utils/timeout.h"
 #include "utils/timestamp.h"
+#include "utils/typcache.h"
 
 /*
  *	User-tweakable parameters
@@ -2407,6 +2408,9 @@ CommitTransaction(void)
 	/* Clean up the relation cache */
 	AtEOXact_RelationCache(true);
 
+	/* Clean up the type cache */
+	AtEOXact_TypeCache();
+
 	/*
 	 * Make catalog changes visible to all backends.  This has to happen after
 	 * relcache references are dropped (see comments for
@@ -2709,6 +2713,9 @@ PrepareTransaction(void)
 	/* Clean up the relation cache */
 	AtEOXact_RelationCache(true);
 
+	/* Clean up the type cache */
+	AtEOXact_TypeCache();
+
 	/* notify doesn't need a postprepare call */
 
 	PostPrepare_PgStat();
@@ -2951,6 +2958,7 @@ AbortTransaction(void)
 							 false, true);
 		AtEOXact_Buffers(false);
 		AtEOXact_RelationCache(false);
+		AtEOXact_TypeCache();
 		AtEOXact_Inval(false);
 		AtEOXact_MultiXact();
 		ResourceOwnerRelease(TopTransactionResourceOwner,
@@ -5153,6 +5161,7 @@ CommitSubTransaction(void)
 						 true, false);
 	AtEOSubXact_RelationCache(true, s->subTransactionId,
 							  s->parent->subTransactionId);
+	AtEOSubXact_TypeCache();
 	AtEOSubXact_Inval(true);
 	AtSubCommit_smgr();
 
@@ -5328,6 +5337,7 @@ AbortSubTransaction(void)
 
 		AtEOSubXact_RelationCache(false, s->subTransactionId,
 								  s->parent->subTransactionId);
+		AtEOSubXact_TypeCache();
 		AtEOSubXact_Inval(false);
 		ResourceOwnerRelease(s->curTransactionOwner,
 							 RESOURCE_RELEASE_LOCKS,