Refine the guidelines for rmgrdesc authors.

Clarify the goals of the recently added guidelines for rmgrdesc authors:
to avoid gratuitous inconsistencies across resource managers, and to
make it reasonably easy to write a reusable custom parser.

Beyond that, the guidelines leave rmgrdesc authors with a significant
amount of leeway.  This even includes the leeway to invent custom
conventions (in cases where it's warranted).

Follow-up to commit 7d8219a.

Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
Reviewed-By: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzkbYuvwYKm-Y-72QEh6SPMQcAo9uONv+mR3bMGcu9E_Cg@mail.gmail.com

Author: petergeoghegan

src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/rmgrdesc_utils.c

@@ -16,26 +16,6 @@
 #include "access/rmgrdesc_utils.h"
 #include "storage/off.h"
 
-/*
- * Guidelines for formatting desc functions:
- *
- * member1_name: member1_value, member2_name: member2_value
- *
- * If the value is a list, please use:
- *
- * member3_name: [ member3_list_value1, member3_list_value2 ]
- *
- * The first item appended to the string should not be prepended by any spaces
- * or comma, however all subsequent appends to the string are responsible for
- * prepending themselves with a comma followed by a space.
- *
- * Flags should be in ALL CAPS.
- *
- * For lists/arrays of items, the number of those items should be listed at
- * the beginning with all of the other numbers.
- *
- * Composite objects in a list should be surrounded with { }.
- */
 void
 array_desc(StringInfo buf, void *array, size_t elem_size, int count,
 		   void (*elem_desc) (StringInfo buf, void *elem, void *data),

src/include/access/rmgrdesc_utils.h

@@ -12,6 +12,50 @@
 #ifndef RMGRDESC_UTILS_H_
 #define RMGRDESC_UTILS_H_
 
+/*
+ * Guidelines for rmgrdesc routine authors:
+ *
+ * The goal of these guidelines is to avoid gratuitous inconsistencies across
+ * each rmgr, and to allow users to parse desc output strings without too much
+ * difficulty.  This is not an API specification or an interchange format.
+ * (Only heapam and nbtree desc routines follow these guidelines at present,
+ * in any case.)
+ *
+ * Record descriptions are similar to JSON style key/value objects.  However,
+ * there is no explicit "string" type/string escaping.  Top-level { } brackets
+ * should be omitted.  For example:
+ *
+ * snapshotConflictHorizon: 0, flags: 0x03
+ *
+ * Record descriptions may contain variable-length arrays.  For example:
+ *
+ * nunused: 5, unused: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *
+ * Nested objects are supported via { } brackets.  They generally appear
+ * inside variable-length arrays.  For example:
+ *
+ * ndeleted: 0, nupdated: 1, deleted: [], updated: [{ off: 45, nptids: 1, ptids: [0] }]
+ *
+ * Try to output things in an order that faithfully represents the order of
+ * fields from the underlying physical WAL record struct.  Key names should be
+ * unique (at the same nesting level) to make parsing easy.  It's a good idea
+ * if the number of items in the array appears before the array.
+ *
+ * It's okay for individual WAL record types to invent their own conventions.
+ * For example, Heap2's PRUNE record descriptions use a custom array format
+ * for the record's "redirected" field:
+ *
+ * ... redirected: [1->4, 5->9], dead: [10, 11], unused: [3, 7, 8]
+ *
+ * Arguably the desc routine should be using object notation for this instead.
+ * However, there is value in using a custom format when it conveys useful
+ * information about the underlying physical data structures.
+ *
+ * This ad-hoc format has the advantage of being close to the format used for
+ * the "dead" and "unused" arrays (which follow the standard desc convention
+ * for page offset number arrays).  It suggests that the "redirected" elements
+ * shown are just pairs of page offset numbers (which is how it really works).
+ */
 extern void array_desc(StringInfo buf, void *array, size_t elem_size, int count,
 					   void (*elem_desc) (StringInfo buf, void *elem, void *data),
 					   void *data);