Fix collection of typos and grammar mistakes in the tree

This fixes some comments and documentation new as of Postgres 13.

Author: Justin Pryzby
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200408165653.GF2228@telsasoft.com

Author: michaelpq

doc/src/sgml/btree.sgml

@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ equalimage(<replaceable>opcintype</replaceable> <type>oid</type>) returns bool
    Deduplication cannot be used in all cases due to
    implementation-level restrictions.  Deduplication safety is
    determined when <command>CREATE INDEX</command> or
-   <command>REINDEX</command> run.
+   <command>REINDEX</command> is run.
   </para>
   <para>
    Note that deduplication is deemed unsafe and cannot be used in the

doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml

@@ -6472,7 +6472,7 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
        <xref linkend="sql-analyze"/>.
        A zero value indicates that no statistics should be collected.
        A negative value says to use the system default statistics target.
-       Positive values <structfield>stxstattarget</structfield>
+       Positive values of <structfield>stxstattarget</structfield>
        determine the target number of <quote>most common values</quote>
        to collect.
       </entry>

doc/src/sgml/config.sgml

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
        For example, <literal>30.1 GB</literal> will be converted
        to <literal>30822 MB</literal> not <literal>32319628902 B</literal>.
        If the parameter is of integer type, a final rounding to integer
-       occurs after any units conversion.
+       occurs after any unit conversion.
       </para>
      </listitem>
 
@@ -6110,8 +6110,8 @@ local0.*    /var/log/postgresql
          unoptimized queries in your applications.
          If this value is specified without units, it is taken as milliseconds.
          Setting this to zero prints all statement durations.
-         Minus-one (the default) disables logging statement durations.
-         Only superusers can change this setting.
+         <literal>-1</literal> (the default) disables logging statement
+         durations. Only superusers can change this setting.
         </para>
 
         <para>
@@ -6162,8 +6162,8 @@ local0.*    /var/log/postgresql
          traffic is too high to log all queries.
          If this value is specified without units, it is taken as milliseconds.
          Setting this to zero samples all statement durations.
-         Minus-one (the default) disables sampling statement durations.
-         Only superusers can change this setting.
+         <literal>-1</literal> (the default) disables sampling statement
+         durations. Only superusers can change this setting.
         </para>
 
         <para>

doc/src/sgml/func.sgml

@@ -10006,7 +10006,7 @@ gen_random_uuid() returns uuid
    <title>Producing XML Content</title>
 
    <para>
-    A set of functions and function-like expressions are available for
+    A set of functions and function-like expressions is available for
     producing XML content from SQL data.  As such, they are
     particularly suitable for formatting query results into XML
     documents for processing in client applications.
@@ -12360,7 +12360,7 @@ table2-mapping
 
   <note>
    <para>
-    Some of the <literal>jsonb_path_*</literal> functions have the
+    Some of the <literal>jsonb_path_*</literal> functions have a
     <literal>_tz</literal> suffix. These functions have been implemented to
     support comparison of date/time values that involves implicit
     timezone-aware casts. Since operations with time zones are not immutable,
@@ -18795,8 +18795,8 @@ SELECT collation for ('foo' COLLATE "de_DE");
    The functions <function>to_regclass</function>, <function>to_regcollation</function>,
    <function>to_regnamespace</function>, <function>to_regoper</function>,
    <function>to_regoperator</function>, <function>to_regrole</function>,
-   <function>to_regproc</function>, <function>to_regprocedure</function>, and
-   <function>to_regtype</function>, functions translate relation, collation, schema,
+   <function>to_regproc</function>, <function>to_regprocedure</function> and
+   <function>to_regtype</function> translate relation, collation, schema,
    operator, role, function, and type names (given as <type>text</type>) to
    objects of the corresponding <type>reg*</type> type (see <xref
    linkend="datatype-oid"/> about the types).  These functions differ from a

doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml

@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ void PQsetSSLKeyPassHook(PQsslKeyPassHook_type hook);
        its default <function>PQdefaultSSLKeyPassHook</function> handler. The callback
        should determine the password for the key and copy it to result-buffer
        <literal>buf</literal> of size <literal>size</literal>. The string in <literal>
-       buf</literal> must be null-terminated. The calback must return the length of
+       buf</literal> must be null-terminated. The callback must return the length of
        the password stored in <literal>buf</literal> excluding the null terminator.
        On failure, the callback should set <literal>buf[0] = '\0'</literal> and return 0.
        See <function>PQdefaultSSLKeyPassHook</function> in <literal>libpq</literal>'s

doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_validatebackup.sgml

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
   </para>
 
   <para>
-   It is important to note that that the validation which is performed by
+   It is important to note that the validation which is performed by
    <application>pg_validatebackup</application> does not and can not include
    every check which will be performed by a running server when attempting
    to make use of the backup. Even if you use this tool, you should still
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
    a <literal>backup_manifest</literal> file in the target directory or
    about anything inside <literal>pg_wal</literal>, even though these
    files won't be listed in the backup manifest. Only files are checked;
-   the presence or absence or directories is not verified, except
+   the presence or absence of directories is not verified, except
    indirectly: if a directory is missing, any files it should have contained
    will necessarily also be missing. 
   </para>

src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c

@@ -16846,7 +16846,7 @@ ATExecDetachPartition(Relation rel, RangeVar *name)
 	list_free_deep(fks);
 
 	/*
-	 * Any sub-constrains that are in the referenced-side of a larger
+	 * Any sub-constraints that are in the referenced-side of a larger
 	 * constraint have to be removed.  This partition is no longer part of the
 	 * key space of the constraint.
 	 */

src/backend/executor/execExpr.c

@@ -2366,7 +2366,7 @@ get_last_attnums_walker(Node *node, LastAttnumInfo *info)
  * evaluation of the expression will have the same type of slot, with an
  * equivalent descriptor.
  *
- * Returns true if the the deforming step is required, false otherwise.
+ * Returns true if the deforming step is required, false otherwise.
  */
 static bool
 ExecComputeSlotInfo(ExprState *state, ExprEvalStep *op)

src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c

@@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@ WaitForBackgroundWorkerShutdown(BackgroundWorkerHandle *handle)
  * Instruct the postmaster to terminate a background worker.
  *
  * Note that it's safe to do this without regard to whether the worker is
- * still running, or even if the worker may already have existed and been
+ * still running, or even if the worker may already have exited and been
  * unregistered.
  */
 void

src/backend/replication/basebackup.c

@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ AddFileToManifest(manifest_info *manifest, const char *spcoid,
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Each file's entry need to be separated from any entry that follows by a
+	 * Each file's entry needs to be separated from any entry that follows by a
 	 * comma, but there's no comma before the first one or after the last one.
 	 * To make that work, adding a file to the manifest starts by terminating
 	 * the most recently added line, with a comma if appropriate, but does not

src/include/lib/simplehash.h

@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ SH_INSERT_HASH_INTERNAL(SH_TYPE * tb, SH_KEY_TYPE key, uint32 hash, bool *found)
 			/* shift forward, starting at last occupied element */
 
 			/*
-			 * TODO: This could be optimized to be one memcpy in may cases,
+			 * TODO: This could be optimized to be one memcpy in many cases,
 			 * excepting wrapping around at the end of ->data. Hasn't shown up
 			 * in profiles so far though.
 			 */