Prevent sharing transition states between ordered-set aggregates.

This ought to work, but the built-in OSAs are not capable of coping,
because their final-functions destructively modify their transition
state (specifically, the contained tuplesort object).  That was fine
when those functions were written, but commit 804163b moved the
goalposts without telling orderedsetaggs.c.

We should fix the built-in OSAs to support this, but it will take
a little work, especially if we don't want to sacrifice performance
in the normal non-shared-state case.  Given that it took a year after
9.6 release for anyone to notice this bug, we should not prioritize
sharable-state over nonsharable-state performance.  And a proper fix
is likely to be more complicated than we'd want to back-patch, too.

Therefore, let's just put in this stop-gap patch to prevent nodeAgg.c
from choosing to use shared state for OSAs.  We can revert it in HEAD
when we get a better fix.

Report from Lukas Eder, diagnosis by me, patch by David Rowley.
Back-patch to 9.6 where the problem was introduced.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAB4ELO5RZhOamuT9Xsf72ozbenDLLXZKSk07FiSVsuJNZB861A@mail.gmail.com

Author: tglsfdc

src/backend/executor/nodeAgg.c

@@ -3804,6 +3804,16 @@ find_compatible_pertrans(AggState *aggstate, Aggref *newagg,
 {
 	ListCell   *lc;
 
+	/*
+	 * For the moment, never try to share transition states between different
+	 * ordered-set aggregates.  This is necessary because the finalfns of the
+	 * built-in OSAs (see orderedsetaggs.c) are destructive of their
+	 * transition states.  We should fix them so we can allow this, but not
+	 * losing performance in the normal non-shared case will take some work.
+	 */
+	if (AGGKIND_IS_ORDERED_SET(newagg->aggkind))
+		return -1;
+
 	foreach(lc, transnos)
 	{
 		int			transno = lfirst_int(lc);

src/test/regress/expected/aggregates.out

@@ -1860,6 +1860,25 @@ NOTICE:  avg_transfn called with 3
       2 |      6
 (1 row)
 
+-- ideally these would share state, but we have to fix the OSAs first.
+select
+  percentile_cont(0.5) within group (order by a),
+  percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by a)
+from (values(1::float8),(3),(5),(7)) t(a);
+ percentile_cont | percentile_disc 
+-----------------+-----------------
+               4 |               3
+(1 row)
+
+select
+  rank(4) within group (order by a),
+  dense_rank(4) within group (order by a)
+from (values(1),(3),(5),(7)) t(a);
+ rank | dense_rank 
+------+------------
+    3 |          3
+(1 row)
+
 -- test that aggs with the same sfunc and initcond share the same agg state
 create aggregate my_sum_init(int4)
 (

src/test/regress/sql/aggregates.sql

@@ -739,6 +739,17 @@ select my_avg(one) filter (where one > 1),my_sum(one) from (values(1),(3)) t(one
 -- this should not share the state due to different input columns.
 select my_avg(one),my_sum(two) from (values(1,2),(3,4)) t(one,two);
 
+-- ideally these would share state, but we have to fix the OSAs first.
+select
+  percentile_cont(0.5) within group (order by a),
+  percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by a)
+from (values(1::float8),(3),(5),(7)) t(a);
+
+select
+  rank(4) within group (order by a),
+  dense_rank(4) within group (order by a)
+from (values(1),(3),(5),(7)) t(a);
+
 -- test that aggs with the same sfunc and initcond share the same agg state
 create aggregate my_sum_init(int4)
 (