Add STIR access method and flags related to auxiliary indexes

This patch provides infrastructure for following enhancements to concurrent index builds by:
- ii_Auxiliary in IndexInfo: indicates that an index is an auxiliary index used during concurrent index build
- validate_index in IndexVacuumInfo: set if index_bulk_delete called during the validation phase of concurrent index build
- STIR(Short-Term Index Replacement) access method is introduced, intended solely for short-lived, auxiliary usage

STIR functions designed as an ephemeral helper during concurrent index builds, temporarily storing TIDs without providing the full features of a typical access method. As such, it raises warnings or errors when accessed outside its specialized usage path.

Planned to be used in following commits.

Author: michail-nikolaev

contrib/pgstattuple/pgstattuple.c

@@ -285,6 +285,9 @@ pgstat_relation(Relation rel, FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
 			case SPGIST_AM_OID:
 				err = "spgist index";
 				break;
+			case STIR_AM_OID:
+				err = "stir index";
+				break;
 			case BRIN_AM_OID:
 				err = "brin index";
 				break;

src/backend/access/Makefile

@@ -9,6 +9,6 @@ top_builddir = ../../..
 include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
 
 SUBDIRS	    = brin common gin gist hash heap index nbtree rmgrdesc spgist \
-			  sequence table tablesample transam
+			  stir sequence table tablesample transam
 
 include $(top_srcdir)/src/backend/common.mk

src/backend/access/heap/vacuumlazy.c

@@ -3097,6 +3097,7 @@ lazy_vacuum_one_index(Relation indrel, IndexBulkDeleteResult *istat,
 	ivinfo.message_level = DEBUG2;
 	ivinfo.num_heap_tuples = reltuples;
 	ivinfo.strategy = vacrel->bstrategy;
+	ivinfo.validate_index = false;
 
 	/*
 	 * Update error traceback information.
@@ -3148,6 +3149,7 @@ lazy_cleanup_one_index(Relation indrel, IndexBulkDeleteResult *istat,
 
 	ivinfo.num_heap_tuples = reltuples;
 	ivinfo.strategy = vacrel->bstrategy;
+	ivinfo.validate_index = false;
 
 	/*
 	 * Update error traceback information.

src/backend/access/meson.build

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ subdir('nbtree')
 subdir('rmgrdesc')
 subdir('sequence')
 subdir('spgist')
+subdir('stir')
 subdir('table')
 subdir('tablesample')
 subdir('transam')

src/backend/access/stir/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Makefile--
+#    Makefile for access/stir
+#
+# IDENTIFICATION
+#    src/backend/access/stir/Makefile
+#
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+subdir = src/backend/access/stir
+top_builddir = ../../../..
+include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
+
+OBJS = \
+	stir.o
+
+include $(top_srcdir)/src/backend/common.mk

src/backend/access/stir/meson.build

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+
+backend_sources += files(
+	'stir.c',
+)