'''An FTP client class.

To create a connection, call the class using these arguments:

host, user, passwd, acct, timeout, source_address, encoding

The first four arguments are all strings, and have default value ''.

The parameter ´timeout´ must be numeric and defaults to None if not

passed, meaning that no timeout will be set on any ftp socket(s).

If a timeout is passed, then this is now the default timeout for all ftp

socket operations for this instance.

The last parameter is the encoding of filenames, which defaults to utf-8.

Then use self.connect() with optional host and port argument.

To download a file, use ftp.retrlines('RETR ' + filename),

or ftp.retrbinary() with slightly different arguments.

To upload a file, use ftp.storlines() or ftp.storbinary(),

which have an open file as argument (see their definitions

below for details).

The download/upload functions first issue appropriate TYPE

and PORT or PASV commands.

'''

debugging = 0

host = ''

port = FTP_PORT

maxline = MAXLINE

sock = None

file = None

welcome = None

passiveserver = True

# Disables https://bugs.python.org/issue43285 security if set to True.

trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address = False

def __init__(self, host='', user='', passwd='', acct='',

timeout=_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, source_address=None, *,

encoding='utf-8'):

"""Initialization method (called by class instantiation).

Initialize host to localhost, port to standard ftp port.

Optional arguments are host (for connect()),

and user, passwd, acct (for login()).

"""

self.encoding = encoding

self.source_address = source_address

self.timeout = timeout

if host:

self.connect(host)

if user:

self.login(user, passwd, acct)

def __enter__(self):

return self

# Context management protocol: try to quit() if active

def __exit__(self, *args):

if self.sock is not None:

try:

self.quit()

except (OSError, EOFError):

pass

finally:

if self.sock is not None:

self.close()

def connect(self, host='', port=0, timeout=-999, source_address=None):

'''Connect to host. Arguments are:

- host: hostname to connect to (string, default previous host)

- port: port to connect to (integer, default previous port)

- timeout: the timeout to set against the ftp socket(s)

- source_address: a 2-tuple (host, port) for the socket to bind

to as its source address before connecting.

'''

if host != '':

self.host = host

if port > 0:

self.port = port

if timeout != -999:

self.timeout = timeout

if self.timeout is not None and not self.timeout:

raise ValueError('Non-blocking socket (timeout=0) is not supported')

if source_address is not None:

self.source_address = source_address

sys.audit("ftplib.connect", self, self.host, self.port)

self.sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port), self.timeout,

source_address=self.source_address)

self.af = self.sock.family

self.file = self.sock.makefile('r', encoding=self.encoding)

self.welcome = self.getresp()

return self.welcome

def getwelcome(self):

'''Get the welcome message from the server.

(this is read and squirreled away by connect())'''

if self.debugging:

print('*welcome*', self.sanitize(self.welcome))

return self.welcome

def set_debuglevel(self, level):

'''Set the debugging level.

The required argument level means:

0: no debugging output (default)

1: print commands and responses but not body text etc.

2: also print raw lines read and sent before stripping CR/LF'''

self.debugging = level

debug = set_debuglevel

def set_pasv(self, val):

'''Use passive or active mode for data transfers.

With a false argument, use the normal PORT mode,

With a true argument, use the PASV command.'''

self.passiveserver = val

# Internal: "sanitize" a string for printing

def sanitize(self, s):

if s[:5] in {'pass ', 'PASS '}:

i = len(s.rstrip('\r\n'))

s = s[:5] + '*'*(i-5) + s[i:]

return repr(s)

# Internal: send one line to the server, appending CRLF

def putline(self, line):

if '\r' in line or '\n' in line:

raise ValueError('an illegal newline character should not be contained')

sys.audit("ftplib.sendcmd", self, line)

line = line + CRLF

if self.debugging > 1:

print('*put*', self.sanitize(line))

self.sock.sendall(line.encode(self.encoding))

# Internal: send one command to the server (through putline())

def putcmd(self, line):

if self.debugging: print('*cmd*', self.sanitize(line))

self.putline(line)

# Internal: return one line from the server, stripping CRLF.

# Raise EOFError if the connection is closed

def getline(self):

line = self.file.readline(self.maxline + 1)

if len(line) > self.maxline:

raise Error("got more than %d bytes" % self.maxline)

if self.debugging > 1:

print('*get*', self.sanitize(line))

if not line:

raise EOFError

if line[-2:] == CRLF:

line = line[:-2]

elif line[-1:] in CRLF:

line = line[:-1]

return line

# Internal: get a response from the server, which may possibly

# consist of multiple lines. Return a single string with no

# trailing CRLF. If the response consists of multiple lines,

# these are separated by '\n' characters in the string

def getmultiline(self):

line = self.getline()

if line[3:4] == '-':

code = line[:3]

while 1:

nextline = self.getline()

line = line + ('\n' + nextline)

if nextline[:3] == code and \

nextline[3:4] != '-':

break

return line

# Internal: get a response from the server.

# Raise various errors if the response indicates an error

def getresp(self):

resp = self.getmultiline()

if self.debugging:

print('*resp*', self.sanitize(resp))

self.lastresp = resp[:3]

c = resp[:1]

if c in {'1', '2', '3'}:

return resp

if c == '4':

raise error_temp(resp)

if c == '5':

raise error_perm(resp)

raise error_proto(resp)

def voidresp(self):

"""Expect a response beginning with '2'."""

resp = self.getresp()

if resp[:1] != '2':

raise error_reply(resp)

return resp

def abort(self):

'''Abort a file transfer. Uses out-of-band data.

This does not follow the procedure from the RFC to send Telnet

IP and Synch; that doesn't seem to work with the servers I've

tried. Instead, just send the ABOR command as OOB data.'''

line = b'ABOR' + B_CRLF

if self.debugging > 1:

print('*put urgent*', self.sanitize(line))

self.sock.sendall(line, MSG_OOB)

resp = self.getmultiline()

if resp[:3] not in {'426', '225', '226'}:

raise error_proto(resp)

return resp

def sendcmd(self, cmd):

'''Send a command and return the response.'''

self.putcmd(cmd)

return self.getresp()

def voidcmd(self, cmd):

"""Send a command and expect a response beginning with '2'."""

self.putcmd(cmd)

return self.voidresp()

def sendport(self, host, port):

'''Send a PORT command with the current host and the given

port number.

'''

hbytes = host.split('.')

pbytes = [repr(port//256), repr(port%256)]

bytes = hbytes + pbytes

cmd = 'PORT ' + ','.join(bytes)

return self.voidcmd(cmd)

def sendeprt(self, host, port):

'''Send an EPRT command with the current host and the given port number.'''

af = 0

if self.af == socket.AF_INET:

af = 1

if self.af == socket.AF_INET6:

af = 2

if af == 0:

raise error_proto('unsupported address family')

fields = ['', repr(af), host, repr(port), '']

cmd = 'EPRT ' + '|'.join(fields)

return self.voidcmd(cmd)

def makeport(self):

'''Create a new socket and send a PORT command for it.'''

sock = socket.create_server(("", 0), family=self.af, backlog=1)

port = sock.getsockname()[1] # Get proper port

host = self.sock.getsockname()[0] # Get proper host

if self.af == socket.AF_INET:

resp = self.sendport(host, port)

else:

resp = self.sendeprt(host, port)

if self.timeout is not _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:

sock.settimeout(self.timeout)

return sock

def makepasv(self):

"""Internal: Does the PASV or EPSV handshake -> (address, port)"""

if self.af == socket.AF_INET:

untrusted_host, port = parse227(self.sendcmd('PASV'))

if self.trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address:

host = untrusted_host

else:

host = self.sock.getpeername()[0]

else:

host, port = parse229(self.sendcmd('EPSV'), self.sock.getpeername())

return host, port

def ntransfercmd(self, cmd, rest=None):

"""Initiate a transfer over the data connection.

If the transfer is active, send a port command and the

transfer command, and accept the connection. If the server is

passive, send a pasv command, connect to it, and start the

transfer command. Either way, return the socket for the

connection and the expected size of the transfer. The

expected size may be None if it could not be determined.

Optional `rest' argument can be a string that is sent as the

argument to a REST command. This is essentially a server

marker used to tell the server to skip over any data up to the

given marker.

"""

size = None

if self.passiveserver:

host, port = self.makepasv()

conn = socket.create_connection((host, port), self.timeout,

source_address=self.source_address)

try:

if rest is not None:

self.sendcmd("REST %s" % rest)

resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)

# Some servers apparently send a 200 reply to

# a LIST or STOR command, before the 150 reply

# (and way before the 226 reply). This seems to

# be in violation of the protocol (which only allows

# 1xx or error messages for LIST), so we just discard

# this response.

if resp[0] == '2':

resp = self.getresp()

if resp[0] != '1':

raise error_reply(resp)

except:

conn.close()

raise

else:

with self.makeport() as sock:

if rest is not None:

self.sendcmd("REST %s" % rest)

resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)

# See above.

if resp[0] == '2':

resp = self.getresp()

if resp[0] != '1':

raise error_reply(resp)

conn, sockaddr = sock.accept()

if self.timeout is not _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:

conn.settimeout(self.timeout)

if resp[:3] == '150':

# this is conditional in case we received a 125

size = parse150(resp)

return conn, size

def transfercmd(self, cmd, rest=None):

"""Like ntransfercmd() but returns only the socket."""

return self.ntransfercmd(cmd, rest)[0]

def login(self, user = '', passwd = '', acct = ''):

'''Login, default anonymous.'''

if not user:

user = 'anonymous'

if not passwd:

passwd = ''

if not acct:

acct = ''

if user == 'anonymous' and passwd in {'', '-'}:

# If there is no anonymous ftp password specified

# then we'll just use anonymous@

# We don't send any other thing because:

# - We want to remain anonymous

# - We want to stop SPAM

# - We don't want to let ftp sites to discriminate by the user,

# host or country.

passwd = passwd + 'anonymous@'

resp = self.sendcmd('USER ' + user)

if resp[0] == '3':

resp = self.sendcmd('PASS ' + passwd)

if resp[0] == '3':

resp = self.sendcmd('ACCT ' + acct)

if resp[0] != '2':

raise error_reply(resp)

return resp

def retrbinary(self, cmd, callback, blocksize=8192, rest=None):

"""Retrieve data in binary mode. A new port is created for you.

Args:

cmd: A RETR command.

callback: A single parameter callable to be called on each

block of data read.

blocksize: The maximum number of bytes to read from the

socket at one time. [default: 8192]

rest: Passed to transfercmd(). [default: None]

Returns:

The response code.

"""

self.voidcmd('TYPE I')

with self.transfercmd(cmd, rest) as conn:

while data := conn.recv(blocksize):

callback(data)

# shutdown ssl layer

if _SSLSocket is not None and isinstance(conn, _SSLSocket):

conn.unwrap()

return self.voidresp()

def retrlines(self, cmd, callback = None):

"""Retrieve data in line mode. A new port is created for you.

Args:

cmd: A RETR, LIST, or NLST command.

callback: An optional single parameter callable that is called

for each line with the trailing CRLF stripped.

[default: print_line()]

Returns:

The response code.

"""

if callback is None:

callback = print_line

resp = self.sendcmd('TYPE A')

with self.transfercmd(cmd) as conn, \

conn.makefile('r', encoding=self.encoding) as fp:

while 1:

line = fp.readline(self.maxline + 1)

if len(line) > self.maxline:

raise Error("got more than %d bytes" % self.maxline)

if self.debugging > 2:

print('*retr*', repr(line))

if not line:

break

if line[-2:] == CRLF:

line = line[:-2]

elif line[-1:] == '\n':

line = line[:-1]

callback(line)

# shutdown ssl layer

if _SSLSocket is not None and isinstance(conn, _SSLSocket):

conn.unwrap()

return self.voidresp()

def storbinary(self, cmd, fp, blocksize=8192, callback=None, rest=None):

"""Store a file in binary mode. A new port is created for you.

Args:

cmd: A STOR command.

fp: A file-like object with a read(num_bytes) method.

blocksize: The maximum data size to read from fp and send over

the connection at once. [default: 8192]

callback: An optional single parameter callable that is called on

each block of data after it is sent. [default: None]

rest: Passed to transfercmd(). [default: None]

Returns:

The response code.

"""

self.voidcmd('TYPE I')

with self.transfercmd(cmd, rest) as conn:

while buf := fp.read(blocksize):

conn.sendall(buf)

if callback:

callback(buf)

# shutdown ssl layer

if _SSLSocket is not None and isinstance(conn, _SSLSocket):

conn.unwrap()

return self.voidresp()

def storlines(self, cmd, fp, callback=None):

"""Store a file in line mode. A new port is created for you.

Args:

cmd: A STOR command.

fp: A file-like object with a readline() method.

callback: An optional single parameter callable that is called on

each line after it is sent. [default: None]

Returns:

The response code.

"""

self.voidcmd('TYPE A')

with self.transfercmd(cmd) as conn:

while 1:

buf = fp.readline(self.maxline + 1)

if len(buf) > self.maxline:

raise Error("got more than %d bytes" % self.maxline)

if not buf:

break

if buf[-2:] != B_CRLF:

if buf[-1] in B_CRLF: buf = buf[:-1]

buf = buf + B_CRLF

conn.sendall(buf)

if callback:

callback(buf)

# shutdown ssl layer

if _SSLSocket is not None and isinstance(conn, _SSLSocket):

conn.unwrap()

return self.voidresp()

def acct(self, password):

'''Send new account name.'''

cmd = 'ACCT ' + password

return self.voidcmd(cmd)

def nlst(self, *args):

'''Return a list of files in a given directory (default the current).'''

cmd = 'NLST'

for arg in args:

cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)

files = []

self.retrlines(cmd, files.append)

return files

def dir(self, *args):

'''List a directory in long form.

By default list current directory to stdout.

Optional last argument is callback function; all

non-empty arguments before it are concatenated to the

LIST command. (This *should* only be used for a pathname.)'''

cmd = 'LIST'

func = None

if args[-1:] and not isinstance(args[-1], str):

args, func = args[:-1], args[-1]

for arg in args:

if arg:

cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)

self.retrlines(cmd, func)

def mlsd(self, path="", facts=[]):

'''List a directory in a standardized format by using MLSD

command (RFC-3659). If path is omitted the current directory

is assumed. "facts" is a list of strings representing the type

of information desired (e.g. ["type", "size", "perm"]).

Return a generator object yielding a tuple of two elements

for every file found in path.

First element is the file name, the second one is a dictionary

including a variable number of "facts" depending on the server

and whether "facts" argument has been provided.

'''

if facts:

self.sendcmd("OPTS MLST " + ";".join(facts) + ";")

if path:

cmd = "MLSD %s" % path

else:

cmd = "MLSD"

lines = []

self.retrlines(cmd, lines.append)

for line in lines:

facts_found, _, name = line.rstrip(CRLF).partition(' ')

entry = {}

for fact in facts_found[:-1].split(";"):

key, _, value = fact.partition("=")

entry[key.lower()] = value

yield (name, entry)

def rename(self, fromname, toname):

'''Rename a file.'''

resp = self.sendcmd('RNFR ' + fromname)

if resp[0] != '3':

raise error_reply(resp)

return self.voidcmd('RNTO ' + toname)

def delete(self, filename):

'''Delete a file.'''

resp = self.sendcmd('DELE ' + filename)

if resp[:3] in {'250', '200'}:

return resp

else:

raise error_reply(resp)

def cwd(self, dirname):

'''Change to a directory.'''

if dirname == '..':

try:

return self.voidcmd('CDUP')

except error_perm as msg:

if msg.args[0][:3] != '500':

raise

elif dirname == '':

dirname = '.' # does nothing, but could return error

cmd = 'CWD ' + dirname

return self.voidcmd(cmd)

def size(self, filename):

'''Retrieve the size of a file.'''

# The SIZE command is defined in RFC-3659

resp = self.sendcmd('SIZE ' + filename)

if resp[:3] == '213':

s = resp[3:].strip()

return int(s)

def mkd(self, dirname):

'''Make a directory, return its full pathname.'''

resp = self.voidcmd('MKD ' + dirname)

# fix around non-compliant implementations such as IIS shipped

# with Windows server 2003

if not resp.startswith('257'):

return ''

return parse257(resp)

def rmd(self, dirname):

'''Remove a directory.'''

return self.voidcmd('RMD ' + dirname)

def pwd(self):

'''Return current working directory.'''

resp = self.voidcmd('PWD')

# fix around non-compliant implementations such as IIS shipped

# with Windows server 2003

if not resp.startswith('257'):

return ''

return parse257(resp)

def quit(self):

'''Quit, and close the connection.'''

resp = self.voidcmd('QUIT')

self.close()

return resp

def close(self):

'''Close the connection without assuming anything about it.'''

try:

file = self.file

self.file = None

if file is not None:

file.close()

finally:

sock = self.sock

self.sock = None

if sock is not None:

'''A FTP subclass which adds TLS support to FTP as described

in RFC-4217.

Connect as usual to port 21 implicitly securing the FTP control

connection before authenticating.

Securing the data connection requires user to explicitly ask

for it by calling prot_p() method.

Usage example:

>>> from ftplib import FTP_TLS

>>> ftps = FTP_TLS('ftp.python.org')

>>> ftps.login() # login anonymously previously securing control channel

'230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.'

>>> ftps.prot_p() # switch to secure data connection

'200 Protection level set to P'

>>> ftps.retrlines('LIST') # list directory content securely

total 9

drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 .

drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 ..

drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 bin

drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 etc

d-wxrwxr-x 2 ftp wheel 1024 Sep 5 13:43 incoming

drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Nov 17 1993 lib

drwxr-xr-x 6 1094 wheel 1024 Sep 13 19:07 pub

drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 usr

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 312 Aug 1 1994 welcome.msg

'226 Transfer complete.'

>>> ftps.quit()

'221 Goodbye.'

>>>

'''

def __init__(self, host='', user='', passwd='', acct='',

*, context=None, timeout=_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,

source_address=None, encoding='utf-8'):

if context is None:

context = ssl._create_stdlib_context()

self.context = context

self._prot_p = False

super().__init__(host, user, passwd, acct,

timeout, source_address, encoding=encoding)

def login(self, user='', passwd='', acct='', secure=True):

if secure and not isinstance(self.sock, ssl.SSLSocket):

self.auth()

return super().login(user, passwd, acct)

def auth(self):

'''Set up secure control connection by using TLS/SSL.'''

if isinstance(self.sock, ssl.SSLSocket):

raise ValueError("Already using TLS")

if self.context.protocol >= ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS:

resp = self.voidcmd('AUTH TLS')

else:

resp = self.voidcmd('AUTH SSL')

self.sock = self.context.wrap_socket(self.sock, server_hostname=self.host)

self.file = self.sock.makefile(mode='r', encoding=self.encoding)

return resp

def ccc(self):

'''Switch back to a clear-text control connection.'''

if not isinstance(self.sock, ssl.SSLSocket):

raise ValueError("not using TLS")

resp = self.voidcmd('CCC')

self.sock = self.sock.unwrap()

return resp

def prot_p(self):

'''Set up secure data connection.'''

# PROT defines whether or not the data channel is to be protected.

# Though RFC-2228 defines four possible protection levels,

# RFC-4217 only recommends two, Clear and Private.

# Clear (PROT C) means that no security is to be used on the

# data-channel, Private (PROT P) means that the data-channel

# should be protected by TLS.

# PBSZ command MUST still be issued, but must have a parameter of

# '0' to indicate that no buffering is taking place and the data

# connection should not be encapsulated.

self.voidcmd('PBSZ 0')

resp = self.voidcmd('PROT P')

self._prot_p = True

return resp

def prot_c(self):

'''Set up clear text data connection.'''

resp = self.voidcmd('PROT C')

self._prot_p = False

return resp

# --- Overridden FTP methods

def ntransfercmd(self, cmd, rest=None):

conn, size = super().ntransfercmd(cmd, rest)

if self._prot_p:

conn = self.context.wrap_socket(conn,

server_hostname=self.host)

return conn, size

def abort(self):

# overridden as we can't pass MSG_OOB flag to sendall()

line = b'ABOR' + B_CRLF

self.sock.sendall(line)

resp = self.getmultiline()

if resp[:3] not in {'426', '225', '226'}:

raise error_proto(resp)

'''Parse the '150' response for a RETR request.

Returns the expected transfer size or None; size is not guaranteed to

be present in the 150 message.

'''

if resp[:3] != '150':

raise error_reply(resp)

global _150_re

if _150_re is None:

import re

_150_re = re.compile(

r"150 .* \((\d+) bytes\)", re.IGNORECASE | re.ASCII)

m = _150_re.match(resp)

if not m:

return None

'''Parse the '227' response for a PASV request.

Raises error_proto if it does not contain '(h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2)'

Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.'''

if resp[:3] != '227':

raise error_reply(resp)

global _227_re

if _227_re is None:

import re

_227_re = re.compile(r'(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+)', re.ASCII)

m = _227_re.search(resp)

if not m:

raise error_proto(resp)

numbers = m.groups()

host = '.'.join(numbers[:4])

port = (int(numbers[4]) << 8) + int(numbers[5])

'''Parse the '229' response for an EPSV request.

Raises error_proto if it does not contain '(|||port|)'

Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.'''

if resp[:3] != '229':

raise error_reply(resp)

left = resp.find('(')

if left < 0: raise error_proto(resp)

right = resp.find(')', left + 1)

if right < 0:

raise error_proto(resp) # should contain '(|||port|)'

if resp[left + 1] != resp[right - 1]:

raise error_proto(resp)

parts = resp[left + 1:right].split(resp[left+1])

if len(parts) != 5:

raise error_proto(resp)

host = peer[0]

port = int(parts[3])

'''Parse the '257' response for a MKD or PWD request.

This is a response to a MKD or PWD request: a directory name.

Returns the directoryname in the 257 reply.'''

if resp[:3] != '257':

raise error_reply(resp)

if resp[3:5] != ' "':

return '' # Not compliant to RFC 959, but UNIX ftpd does this

dirname = ''

i = 5

n = len(resp)

while i < n:

c = resp[i]

i = i+1

if c == '"':

if i >= n or resp[i] != '"':

break

i = i+1

dirname = dirname + c

'''Copy file from one FTP-instance to another.'''

if not targetname:

targetname = sourcename

type = 'TYPE ' + type

source.voidcmd(type)

target.voidcmd(type)

sourcehost, sourceport = parse227(source.sendcmd('PASV'))

target.sendport(sourcehost, sourceport)

# RFC 959: the user must "listen" [...] BEFORE sending the

# transfer request.

# So: STOR before RETR, because here the target is a "user".

treply = target.sendcmd('STOR ' + targetname)

if treply[:3] not in {'125', '150'}:

raise error_proto # RFC 959

sreply = source.sendcmd('RETR ' + sourcename)

if sreply[:3] not in {'125', '150'}:

raise error_proto # RFC 959

source.voidresp()

'''Test program.

Usage: ftplib [-d] [-r[file]] host [-l[dir]] [-d[dir]] [-p] [file] ...

Options:

-d increase debugging level

-r[file] set alternate ~/.netrc file

Commands:

-l[dir] list directory

-d[dir] change the current directory

-p toggle passive and active mode

file retrieve the file and write it to stdout

'''

if len(sys.argv) < 2:

print(test.__doc__)

sys.exit(0)

import netrc

debugging = 0

rcfile = None

while sys.argv[1] == '-d':

debugging = debugging+1

del sys.argv[1]

if sys.argv[1][:2] == '-r':

# get name of alternate ~/.netrc file:

rcfile = sys.argv[1][2:]

del sys.argv[1]

host = sys.argv[1]

ftp = FTP(host)

ftp.set_debuglevel(debugging)

userid = passwd = acct = ''

try:

netrcobj = netrc.netrc(rcfile)

except OSError:

if rcfile is not None:

print("Could not open account file -- using anonymous login.",

file=sys.stderr)

else:

try:

userid, acct, passwd = netrcobj.authenticators(host)

except (KeyError, TypeError):

# no account for host

print("No account -- using anonymous login.", file=sys.stderr)

ftp.login(userid, passwd, acct)

for file in sys.argv[2:]:

if file[:2] == '-l':

ftp.dir(file[2:])

elif file[:2] == '-d':

cmd = 'CWD'

if file[2:]: cmd = cmd + ' ' + file[2:]

resp = ftp.sendcmd(cmd)

elif file == '-p':

ftp.set_pasv(not ftp.passiveserver)

else:

ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + file, \

sys.stdout.buffer.write, 1024)

sys.stdout.buffer.flush()

sys.stdout.flush()