Azathioprine (AZA) is the preferred immunosuppressant for treating pemphigus vulgaris (PV), with ... more Azathioprine (AZA) is the preferred immunosuppressant for treating pemphigus vulgaris (PV), with discontinuation mainly attributed to hematological adverse events (AE). Reportedly, nucleoside diphosphate‐linked moiety X‐type motif 15 (NUDT15) polymorphisms have been strongly associated with thiopurine‐induced leukopenia. To investigate hematological AE of low‐dose AZA based on NUDT15 genotypes among patients with PV, a prospective cohort study was conducted in patients with PV, followed‐up for the first 8 weeks after AZA administration. All patients were divided into wild homozygous and heterozygous NUDT15 groups. Both groups initiated AZA at low dose (50 mg/day) and continued with different dose‐escalating approaches. Bone marrow suppression was considered the principal outcome. Overall, 62 patients with PV were enrolled (48 in the wild homozygous NUDT15 group vs. 14 in the heterozygous NUDT15 group). Except for median maintenance doses of AZA, no statistically significant differen...
The reasons of the explosion that happened in the bushing of a main transformer are analyzed base... more The reasons of the explosion that happened in the bushing of a main transformer are analyzed based on electric test,oil chromatographic test and historical data.In light of the special configuration of the transformer HV downlead,a plan is put forward to prevent the similar fault.
Aim: To evaluate the female oncofertility attitude and knowledge of reproductive health professio... more Aim: To evaluate the female oncofertility attitude and knowledge of reproductive health professionals in China. Methods: An online survey was distributed to reproductive health professionals in Shanghai, China. Results: Female professionals were more likely to consider that cancer patients would want to preserve their fertility. Participants with higher educational background tended to have a more positive attitude toward oncofertility. The majority of the participants (71.0%) obtained a fair or low level of oncofertility knowledge, and only 25.3% of them received scores at the ‘good knowledge’ level. Conclusion: There are significant gaps in the current oncofertility knowledge among reproductive health professionals in China, suggesting an urgent, unmet need for establishing an interdisciplinary fertility preservation training and service system.
Background An increasing number of systematic reviews assessed the safety of surgical interventio... more Background An increasing number of systematic reviews assessed the safety of surgical interventions over time. How well these systematic reviews were designed and conducted determines the reliability of evidence. In this study, we aimed to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews on the safety of surgical interventions. Methods We searched PubMed for systematic reviews of surgical interventions with safety as the exclusive outcome from 1st-Jan, 2015 to 1st-Jan, 2020. The methodological quality of eligible systematic reviews was evaluated according to the AMSTAR 2.0 instrument. The primary outcomes were the number of methodological weaknesses and the global methodological quality. The proportion of each methodological weakness among eligible systematic reviews was compared by three pre-defined stratification variables. The absolute difference of the proportion (PD) was used as the effect estimator, with the two-tailed z-test for the significance. Results We identified ...
A new ductile fracture criterion is proposed based on three stages of ductile fracture: void nucl... more A new ductile fracture criterion is proposed based on three stages of ductile fracture: void nucleation, growth and coalescence from the microscopic viewpoint. Based on the observation of SEM fracture surfaces of AA2024-T351 aluminum alloy sheet and bar samples under different stress states, it is assumed that the void aggregation is controlled by shear or shear-tension fracture mechanism according to the stress state. And the stress triaxiality is deemed as the only influence factor for controlling the void growth. The new ductile fracture criterion applied to a wide range of stress triaxiality is built. By fitting the available testing data of AA2024-T351 aluminum alloy and AISI 1045 steel, the fracture loci in the stress triaxiality, Lode parameter and equivalent fracture strain space ([Formula: see text]) built by the new criterion are compared with those by DF2014, Hu criterion, modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion (MMC) and Hosford- Coulomb (H-C) criterion. The fitting results prov...
Background Internal migration places individuals at high risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB). H... more Background Internal migration places individuals at high risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB). However, there is a scarcity of national-level spatial analyses regarding the association between TB and internal migration in China. In our research, we aimed to explore the spatial variation in cases of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB (SS + PTB) in China; and the associations between SS + PTB, internal migration, socioeconomic factors, and demographic factors in the country between 2005 and 2015. Methods Reported cases of SS + PTB were obtained from the national PTB surveillance system database; cases were obtained at the provincial level. Internal migration data were extracted from the national population sampling survey and the census. Spatial autocorrelations were explored using the global Moran’s statistic and local indicators of spatial association. The spatial temporal analysis was performed using Kulldorff’s scan statistic. Fixed effects regression was used to explore the asso...
Objective In evidence synthesis practice, dealing with binary rare adverse events (AEs) is a chal... more Objective In evidence synthesis practice, dealing with binary rare adverse events (AEs) is a challenging problem. The pooled estimates for rare AEs through traditional inverse variance (IV), Mantel-Haenszel (MH), and Yusuf-Peto (Peto) methods are suboptimal, as the biases tend to be large. We proposed the “one-stage” approach based on multilevel variance component logistic regression (MVCL) to handle this problem. Methods We used simulations to generate trials of individual participant data (IPD) with a series of predefined parameters. We compared the performance of the MVCL “one-stage” approach and the five classical methods (fixed/random effect IV, fixed/random effect MH, and Peto) for rare binary AEs under different scenarios, which included different sample size setting rules, effect sizes, between-study heterogeneity, and numbers of studies in each meta-analysis. The percentage bias, mean square error (MSE), coverage probability, and average width of the 95% confidence interval...
Aerosols and clouds greatly affect the Earth’s radiation budget and global climate. Light detecti... more Aerosols and clouds greatly affect the Earth’s radiation budget and global climate. Light detection and ranging (lidar) has been recognized as a promising active remote sensing technique for the vertical observations of aerosols and clouds. China launched its first space-borne aerosol-cloud high-spectral-resolution lidar (ACHSRL) on April 16, 2022, which is capable for high accuracy profiling of aerosols and clouds around the globe. This study presents a retrieval algorithm for aerosol and cloud optical properties from ACHSRL which were compared with the end-to-end Monte-Carlo simulations and validated with the data from an airborne flight with the ACHSRL prototype (A2P) instrument. Using imaging denoising, threshold discrimination, and iterative reconstruction methods, this algorithm was developed for calibration, feature detection, and extinction coefficient (EC) retrievals. The simulation results show that 95.4% of the backscatter coefficient (BSC) have an error less than 12% whi...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022
Significance Aerosol–cloud interaction affects the cooling of Earth’s climate, mostly by activati... more Significance Aerosol–cloud interaction affects the cooling of Earth’s climate, mostly by activation of aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei that can increase the amount of sunlight reflected back to space. But the controlling physical processes remain uncertain in current climate models. We present a lidar-based technique as a unique remote-sensing tool without thermodynamic assumptions for simultaneously profiling diurnal aerosol and water cloud properties with high resolution. Direct lateral observations of cloud properties show that the vertical structure of low-level water clouds can be far from being perfectly adiabatic. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that, instead of an increase of liquid water path (LWP) as proposed by most general circulation models, elevated aerosol loading can cause a net decrease in LWP.
This paper presents two approaches to calibrate the overlap factor under inhomogeneous atmospheri... more This paper presents two approaches to calibrate the overlap factor under inhomogeneous atmospheric condition without critical assumption and delivers detailed analysis about the retrieval errors of overlap profile in High-Spectral-Resolution-Lidar (HSRL). The first method employs an additional optical subsystem with different field-of-view, that is dual field-of-view HSRL, for the retrieval of overlap profile. The second method takes advantage of the difference of the result between the HSRL and Klett method, that is about the retrieval of backscatter coefficient for uncorrected lidar signal, to correct overlap profile. Surprisingly, two methods show very high-level consistency and stability of the result. It is potential that this technique would be an excellent solution for experimental determination of lidar overlap in ground-based HSRL.
Azathioprine (AZA) is the preferred immunosuppressant for treating pemphigus vulgaris (PV), with ... more Azathioprine (AZA) is the preferred immunosuppressant for treating pemphigus vulgaris (PV), with discontinuation mainly attributed to hematological adverse events (AE). Reportedly, nucleoside diphosphate‐linked moiety X‐type motif 15 (NUDT15) polymorphisms have been strongly associated with thiopurine‐induced leukopenia. To investigate hematological AE of low‐dose AZA based on NUDT15 genotypes among patients with PV, a prospective cohort study was conducted in patients with PV, followed‐up for the first 8 weeks after AZA administration. All patients were divided into wild homozygous and heterozygous NUDT15 groups. Both groups initiated AZA at low dose (50 mg/day) and continued with different dose‐escalating approaches. Bone marrow suppression was considered the principal outcome. Overall, 62 patients with PV were enrolled (48 in the wild homozygous NUDT15 group vs. 14 in the heterozygous NUDT15 group). Except for median maintenance doses of AZA, no statistically significant differen...
The reasons of the explosion that happened in the bushing of a main transformer are analyzed base... more The reasons of the explosion that happened in the bushing of a main transformer are analyzed based on electric test,oil chromatographic test and historical data.In light of the special configuration of the transformer HV downlead,a plan is put forward to prevent the similar fault.
Aim: To evaluate the female oncofertility attitude and knowledge of reproductive health professio... more Aim: To evaluate the female oncofertility attitude and knowledge of reproductive health professionals in China. Methods: An online survey was distributed to reproductive health professionals in Shanghai, China. Results: Female professionals were more likely to consider that cancer patients would want to preserve their fertility. Participants with higher educational background tended to have a more positive attitude toward oncofertility. The majority of the participants (71.0%) obtained a fair or low level of oncofertility knowledge, and only 25.3% of them received scores at the ‘good knowledge’ level. Conclusion: There are significant gaps in the current oncofertility knowledge among reproductive health professionals in China, suggesting an urgent, unmet need for establishing an interdisciplinary fertility preservation training and service system.
Background An increasing number of systematic reviews assessed the safety of surgical interventio... more Background An increasing number of systematic reviews assessed the safety of surgical interventions over time. How well these systematic reviews were designed and conducted determines the reliability of evidence. In this study, we aimed to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews on the safety of surgical interventions. Methods We searched PubMed for systematic reviews of surgical interventions with safety as the exclusive outcome from 1st-Jan, 2015 to 1st-Jan, 2020. The methodological quality of eligible systematic reviews was evaluated according to the AMSTAR 2.0 instrument. The primary outcomes were the number of methodological weaknesses and the global methodological quality. The proportion of each methodological weakness among eligible systematic reviews was compared by three pre-defined stratification variables. The absolute difference of the proportion (PD) was used as the effect estimator, with the two-tailed z-test for the significance. Results We identified ...
A new ductile fracture criterion is proposed based on three stages of ductile fracture: void nucl... more A new ductile fracture criterion is proposed based on three stages of ductile fracture: void nucleation, growth and coalescence from the microscopic viewpoint. Based on the observation of SEM fracture surfaces of AA2024-T351 aluminum alloy sheet and bar samples under different stress states, it is assumed that the void aggregation is controlled by shear or shear-tension fracture mechanism according to the stress state. And the stress triaxiality is deemed as the only influence factor for controlling the void growth. The new ductile fracture criterion applied to a wide range of stress triaxiality is built. By fitting the available testing data of AA2024-T351 aluminum alloy and AISI 1045 steel, the fracture loci in the stress triaxiality, Lode parameter and equivalent fracture strain space ([Formula: see text]) built by the new criterion are compared with those by DF2014, Hu criterion, modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion (MMC) and Hosford- Coulomb (H-C) criterion. The fitting results prov...
Background Internal migration places individuals at high risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB). H... more Background Internal migration places individuals at high risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB). However, there is a scarcity of national-level spatial analyses regarding the association between TB and internal migration in China. In our research, we aimed to explore the spatial variation in cases of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB (SS + PTB) in China; and the associations between SS + PTB, internal migration, socioeconomic factors, and demographic factors in the country between 2005 and 2015. Methods Reported cases of SS + PTB were obtained from the national PTB surveillance system database; cases were obtained at the provincial level. Internal migration data were extracted from the national population sampling survey and the census. Spatial autocorrelations were explored using the global Moran’s statistic and local indicators of spatial association. The spatial temporal analysis was performed using Kulldorff’s scan statistic. Fixed effects regression was used to explore the asso...
Objective In evidence synthesis practice, dealing with binary rare adverse events (AEs) is a chal... more Objective In evidence synthesis practice, dealing with binary rare adverse events (AEs) is a challenging problem. The pooled estimates for rare AEs through traditional inverse variance (IV), Mantel-Haenszel (MH), and Yusuf-Peto (Peto) methods are suboptimal, as the biases tend to be large. We proposed the “one-stage” approach based on multilevel variance component logistic regression (MVCL) to handle this problem. Methods We used simulations to generate trials of individual participant data (IPD) with a series of predefined parameters. We compared the performance of the MVCL “one-stage” approach and the five classical methods (fixed/random effect IV, fixed/random effect MH, and Peto) for rare binary AEs under different scenarios, which included different sample size setting rules, effect sizes, between-study heterogeneity, and numbers of studies in each meta-analysis. The percentage bias, mean square error (MSE), coverage probability, and average width of the 95% confidence interval...
Aerosols and clouds greatly affect the Earth’s radiation budget and global climate. Light detecti... more Aerosols and clouds greatly affect the Earth’s radiation budget and global climate. Light detection and ranging (lidar) has been recognized as a promising active remote sensing technique for the vertical observations of aerosols and clouds. China launched its first space-borne aerosol-cloud high-spectral-resolution lidar (ACHSRL) on April 16, 2022, which is capable for high accuracy profiling of aerosols and clouds around the globe. This study presents a retrieval algorithm for aerosol and cloud optical properties from ACHSRL which were compared with the end-to-end Monte-Carlo simulations and validated with the data from an airborne flight with the ACHSRL prototype (A2P) instrument. Using imaging denoising, threshold discrimination, and iterative reconstruction methods, this algorithm was developed for calibration, feature detection, and extinction coefficient (EC) retrievals. The simulation results show that 95.4% of the backscatter coefficient (BSC) have an error less than 12% whi...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022
Significance Aerosol–cloud interaction affects the cooling of Earth’s climate, mostly by activati... more Significance Aerosol–cloud interaction affects the cooling of Earth’s climate, mostly by activation of aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei that can increase the amount of sunlight reflected back to space. But the controlling physical processes remain uncertain in current climate models. We present a lidar-based technique as a unique remote-sensing tool without thermodynamic assumptions for simultaneously profiling diurnal aerosol and water cloud properties with high resolution. Direct lateral observations of cloud properties show that the vertical structure of low-level water clouds can be far from being perfectly adiabatic. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that, instead of an increase of liquid water path (LWP) as proposed by most general circulation models, elevated aerosol loading can cause a net decrease in LWP.
This paper presents two approaches to calibrate the overlap factor under inhomogeneous atmospheri... more This paper presents two approaches to calibrate the overlap factor under inhomogeneous atmospheric condition without critical assumption and delivers detailed analysis about the retrieval errors of overlap profile in High-Spectral-Resolution-Lidar (HSRL). The first method employs an additional optical subsystem with different field-of-view, that is dual field-of-view HSRL, for the retrieval of overlap profile. The second method takes advantage of the difference of the result between the HSRL and Klett method, that is about the retrieval of backscatter coefficient for uncorrected lidar signal, to correct overlap profile. Surprisingly, two methods show very high-level consistency and stability of the result. It is potential that this technique would be an excellent solution for experimental determination of lidar overlap in ground-based HSRL.
Cloud and aerosol contribute with great uncertainty in Earth's radiative budget. There is an ... more Cloud and aerosol contribute with great uncertainty in Earth's radiative budget. There is an urgent need for global 3-D observation of these atmospheric constituents. High-spectral-resolution Lidar (HSRL) can obtain vertical atmosphere profile with high accuracy, hence several space-borne HSRLs are planned to launch in few years. However, as far as we know, the performance evaluation of space-borne HSRL has not been reported yet. In this paper, we present the characteristics of a new designed space-borne HSRL for aerosol and cloud optical property profiling (ACHSRL), which is part of the Aerosol & Carbon Detection Lidar (ACDL) developed in China. The ACHSRL is essentially similar to the famous Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), which is on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO). Moreover, the ACHSRL employs an iodine absorption filter as the spectral discriminator. The atmospheric optical properties data observed by CALIOP is used to estimate the performance of ACHSRL. We chose the level 2 profile data (version 4.10) in South Japan in June 2015 to compare the detection uncertainty of ACHSRL and CALIOP. The simulation calculates the uncertainties of ACHSRL and makes a statistic analysis. The analysis result demonstrates that 73.63% of the backscatter coefficient uncertainties are below 40% for ACHSRL. By contrast, the number is 30.72% for CALIOP. As for absolute extinction coefficient errors, the statistics shows that 76.01% of the extinction coefficient uncertainties are lower than 0.2 km-1 for ACHSRL, while that for CALIOP are 56.97%. The assessment shows that ACHSRL could measure the particulate optical properties with better accuracy and compared with CALIOP. The estimation in this study reveals that the next generation space-borne HSRLs have a promising future.
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