The present study was designed to observe the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on active phytoc... more The present study was designed to observe the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on active phytochemicals present in Brassica juncea L. plants under imidacloprid (IMI) stress. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts of 30 days old leaves revealed the stress protective role of 24-EBL by inducing the synthesis of various phytochemicals in B. juncea L. plants under the pesticide stress. Major compounds detected were3-n-butylthiolane, 8-methyl-alpha-ionone, 3,5,6-Tetrafluoroanisole, oxalic acid, ethyl 2isopropylphenyl ester, nonylphenol isomers, linoleic acid, benzenepropanoic acid 3,5-bis(1,1dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy- methyl ester, (1E)-1-ethylidene-7a-methyloctahydro-1H-indene, palmitic acid, cis-jasmone, stearic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, clionasterol, 6-octadecenoic acid.
Pervasive use of chlorpyrifos (CP), an organophosphorus pesticide, has been proven to be fatal fo... more Pervasive use of chlorpyrifos (CP), an organophosphorus pesticide, has been proven to be fatal for plant growth, especially at higher concentrations. CP poisoning leads to growth inhibition, chlorosis, browning of roots and lipid and protein degradation, along with membrane dysfunction and nuclear damage. Plants form a linking bridge between the underground and above-ground communities to escape from the unfavourable conditions. Association with beneficial rhizobacteria promotes the growth and development of the plants. Plant hormones are crucial regulators of basically every aspect of plant development. The growing significance of plant hormones in mediating plant–microbe interactions in stress recovery in plants has been extensively highlighted. Hence, the goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and PGPRs (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ma), Burkholderia gladioli (Mb)) on growth and the antioxidative defence system of CP-stressed Brassica junce...
Brassinosteroids: Plant Growth and Development, 2019
Various biotic stresses induced by microbes/pathogens affect growth, yield and production in plan... more Various biotic stresses induced by microbes/pathogens affect growth, yield and production in plants. Plants sequester a broad spectrum of receptor armory to instigate innate immune approaches which are unbeatable by pathogens. Several phytohormones, interact in multifaceted interconnected signaling networks. Recent studies have elucidated direct or indirect regulation of plant defense responses by phytohormones. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a growth-promoting hormone is also an imperative plant defense regulator. They have been recently observed as a modulator of plant defense response to pathogen attack. They enhance plants resistance to a wide array of plant diseases. BRs increase the efficacy of Pathogen Assisted Molecular Patterns (PAMP) triggered immunity. They also mediate crosstalk between different defense-signaling cascades including phytohormones signaling, DELLA proteins, Pattern-Recognition Receptors Triggered Innate Immunity (PTI) and plant pathogen interaction. Furthermore,...
Drought stress adversely effects physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading to a ... more Drought stress adversely effects physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading to a reduction in plant productivity. Plants try to protect themselves via activation of their internal defense system, but severe drought causes dysfunction of this defense system. The imbalance between generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress. Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule, has the potential to protect plants from the adverse effects of drought stress by enhancing the ROS scavenging efficiency. It helps in protection of photosynthetic apparatus and reduction of drought induced oxidative stress. Melatonin regulates plant processes at a molecular level, which results in providing better resistance against drought stress. In this review, the authors have discussed various physiological and molecular aspects regulated by melatonin in plants under drought conditions, along with their underlying mechanisms.
ABSTRACT For years, ethylene has been known to humankind as the plant hormone responsible for fru... more ABSTRACT For years, ethylene has been known to humankind as the plant hormone responsible for fruit ripening. However, the multitasking aspect of ethylene is still being investigated as ever. It is one of the most diversified signaling molecules which acclimatize plant under adverse conditions. It promotes adventitious root formation, stem and petiole elongation, opening and closing of stomatal aperture, reduces salinity and metal stress, etc. Presence of ethylene checks the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species by strengthening the antioxidant machinery. Meanwhile, it interacts with other signaling molecules and initiates a cascade of adaptive responses. In the present mini review, the biosynthesis and sources of ethylene production, interaction with other signaling molecules, and its exogenous application under different abiotic stresses have been discussed.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are group of plant steroidal hormones that modulate developmental processe... more Brassinosteroids (BRs) are group of plant steroidal hormones that modulate developmental processes and also have pivotal role in stress management. Biosynthesis of BRs takes place through established early C-6 and late C-6 oxidation pathways and the C-22 hydroxylation pathway triggered by activation of the DWF4 gene that acts on multiple intermediates. BRs are recognized at the cell surface by the receptor kinases, BRI1 and BAK1, which relay signals to the nucleus through a phosphorylation cascade involving phosphorylation of BSU1 protein and proteasomal degradation of BIN2 proteins. Inactivation of BIN2 allows BES1/BZR1 to enter the nucleus and regulate the expression of target genes. In the whole cascade of signal recognition, transduction and regulation of target genes, BRs crosstalk with other phytohormones that play significant roles. In the current era, plants are continuously exposed to abiotic stresses and heavy metal stress is one of the major stresses. The present study re...
Plant development processes are regulated by epigenetic alterations that shape nuclear structure,... more Plant development processes are regulated by epigenetic alterations that shape nuclear structure, gene expression, and phenotypic plasticity; these alterations can provide the plant with protection from environmental stresses. During plant growth and development, these processes play a significant role in regulating gene expression to remodel chromatin structure. These epigenetic alterations are mainly regulated by transposable elements (TEs) whose abundance in plant genomes results in their interaction with genomes. Thus, TEs are the main source of epigenetic changes and form a substantial part of the plant genome. Furthermore, TEs can be activated under stress conditions, and activated elements cause mutagenic effects and substantial genetic variability. This introduces novel gene functions and structural variation in the insertion sites and primarily contributes to epigenetic modifications. Altogether, these modifications indirectly or directly provide the ability to withstand en...
Guar is an economically important legume crop that is used for gum production. The clean and sust... more Guar is an economically important legume crop that is used for gum production. The clean and sustainable production of guar, especially in newly reclaimed lands, requires biofertilizers that can reduce the use of mineral fertilizers, which have harmful effects on human health and the environment. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of biofertilizers produced from Bradyrhizobium sp., Bacillus subtilis, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), individually or in combinations, on microbial activity, and nutrients of the soils and the guar growth and seed quality and yield. The application of biofertilizers improved shoot length, root length, number of branches, plant dry weight, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, and nutrient uptake of guar plants compared with the control plants. Moreover, the application with biofertilizers resulted in an obvious increase in seed yield and has improved the total proteins, carbohydrates, fats, starch, and guaran contents...
The present study was designed to observe the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on active phytoc... more The present study was designed to observe the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on active phytochemicals present in Brassica juncea L. plants under imidacloprid (IMI) stress. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts of 30 days old leaves revealed the stress protective role of 24-EBL by inducing the synthesis of various phytochemicals in B. juncea L. plants under the pesticide stress. Major compounds detected were3-n-butylthiolane, 8-methyl-alpha-ionone, 3,5,6-Tetrafluoroanisole, oxalic acid, ethyl 2isopropylphenyl ester, nonylphenol isomers, linoleic acid, benzenepropanoic acid 3,5-bis(1,1dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy- methyl ester, (1E)-1-ethylidene-7a-methyloctahydro-1H-indene, palmitic acid, cis-jasmone, stearic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, clionasterol, 6-octadecenoic acid.
Pervasive use of chlorpyrifos (CP), an organophosphorus pesticide, has been proven to be fatal fo... more Pervasive use of chlorpyrifos (CP), an organophosphorus pesticide, has been proven to be fatal for plant growth, especially at higher concentrations. CP poisoning leads to growth inhibition, chlorosis, browning of roots and lipid and protein degradation, along with membrane dysfunction and nuclear damage. Plants form a linking bridge between the underground and above-ground communities to escape from the unfavourable conditions. Association with beneficial rhizobacteria promotes the growth and development of the plants. Plant hormones are crucial regulators of basically every aspect of plant development. The growing significance of plant hormones in mediating plant–microbe interactions in stress recovery in plants has been extensively highlighted. Hence, the goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and PGPRs (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ma), Burkholderia gladioli (Mb)) on growth and the antioxidative defence system of CP-stressed Brassica junce...
Brassinosteroids: Plant Growth and Development, 2019
Various biotic stresses induced by microbes/pathogens affect growth, yield and production in plan... more Various biotic stresses induced by microbes/pathogens affect growth, yield and production in plants. Plants sequester a broad spectrum of receptor armory to instigate innate immune approaches which are unbeatable by pathogens. Several phytohormones, interact in multifaceted interconnected signaling networks. Recent studies have elucidated direct or indirect regulation of plant defense responses by phytohormones. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a growth-promoting hormone is also an imperative plant defense regulator. They have been recently observed as a modulator of plant defense response to pathogen attack. They enhance plants resistance to a wide array of plant diseases. BRs increase the efficacy of Pathogen Assisted Molecular Patterns (PAMP) triggered immunity. They also mediate crosstalk between different defense-signaling cascades including phytohormones signaling, DELLA proteins, Pattern-Recognition Receptors Triggered Innate Immunity (PTI) and plant pathogen interaction. Furthermore,...
Drought stress adversely effects physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading to a ... more Drought stress adversely effects physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading to a reduction in plant productivity. Plants try to protect themselves via activation of their internal defense system, but severe drought causes dysfunction of this defense system. The imbalance between generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress. Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule, has the potential to protect plants from the adverse effects of drought stress by enhancing the ROS scavenging efficiency. It helps in protection of photosynthetic apparatus and reduction of drought induced oxidative stress. Melatonin regulates plant processes at a molecular level, which results in providing better resistance against drought stress. In this review, the authors have discussed various physiological and molecular aspects regulated by melatonin in plants under drought conditions, along with their underlying mechanisms.
ABSTRACT For years, ethylene has been known to humankind as the plant hormone responsible for fru... more ABSTRACT For years, ethylene has been known to humankind as the plant hormone responsible for fruit ripening. However, the multitasking aspect of ethylene is still being investigated as ever. It is one of the most diversified signaling molecules which acclimatize plant under adverse conditions. It promotes adventitious root formation, stem and petiole elongation, opening and closing of stomatal aperture, reduces salinity and metal stress, etc. Presence of ethylene checks the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species by strengthening the antioxidant machinery. Meanwhile, it interacts with other signaling molecules and initiates a cascade of adaptive responses. In the present mini review, the biosynthesis and sources of ethylene production, interaction with other signaling molecules, and its exogenous application under different abiotic stresses have been discussed.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are group of plant steroidal hormones that modulate developmental processe... more Brassinosteroids (BRs) are group of plant steroidal hormones that modulate developmental processes and also have pivotal role in stress management. Biosynthesis of BRs takes place through established early C-6 and late C-6 oxidation pathways and the C-22 hydroxylation pathway triggered by activation of the DWF4 gene that acts on multiple intermediates. BRs are recognized at the cell surface by the receptor kinases, BRI1 and BAK1, which relay signals to the nucleus through a phosphorylation cascade involving phosphorylation of BSU1 protein and proteasomal degradation of BIN2 proteins. Inactivation of BIN2 allows BES1/BZR1 to enter the nucleus and regulate the expression of target genes. In the whole cascade of signal recognition, transduction and regulation of target genes, BRs crosstalk with other phytohormones that play significant roles. In the current era, plants are continuously exposed to abiotic stresses and heavy metal stress is one of the major stresses. The present study re...
Plant development processes are regulated by epigenetic alterations that shape nuclear structure,... more Plant development processes are regulated by epigenetic alterations that shape nuclear structure, gene expression, and phenotypic plasticity; these alterations can provide the plant with protection from environmental stresses. During plant growth and development, these processes play a significant role in regulating gene expression to remodel chromatin structure. These epigenetic alterations are mainly regulated by transposable elements (TEs) whose abundance in plant genomes results in their interaction with genomes. Thus, TEs are the main source of epigenetic changes and form a substantial part of the plant genome. Furthermore, TEs can be activated under stress conditions, and activated elements cause mutagenic effects and substantial genetic variability. This introduces novel gene functions and structural variation in the insertion sites and primarily contributes to epigenetic modifications. Altogether, these modifications indirectly or directly provide the ability to withstand en...
Guar is an economically important legume crop that is used for gum production. The clean and sust... more Guar is an economically important legume crop that is used for gum production. The clean and sustainable production of guar, especially in newly reclaimed lands, requires biofertilizers that can reduce the use of mineral fertilizers, which have harmful effects on human health and the environment. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of biofertilizers produced from Bradyrhizobium sp., Bacillus subtilis, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), individually or in combinations, on microbial activity, and nutrients of the soils and the guar growth and seed quality and yield. The application of biofertilizers improved shoot length, root length, number of branches, plant dry weight, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, and nutrient uptake of guar plants compared with the control plants. Moreover, the application with biofertilizers resulted in an obvious increase in seed yield and has improved the total proteins, carbohydrates, fats, starch, and guaran contents...
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