Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15

Details

Name
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15
Kind
protein
Synonyms
  • 12-LOX
  • 12/15-lipoxygenase
  • 15-LOX
  • 15-LOX-1
  • Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, leukocyte-type
  • Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase
  • Arachidonate omega-6 lipoxygenase
  • Hepoxilin A3 synthase Alox15
  • Linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase
  • LOG15
Gene Name
ALOX15
UniProtKB Entry
P16050Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0036988|Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15
MGLYRIRVSTGASLYAGSNNQVQLWLVGQHGEAALGKRLWPARGKETELKVEVPEYLGPL
LFVKLRKRHLLKDDAWFCNWISVQGPGAGDEVRFPCYRWVEGNGVLSLPEGTGRTVGEDP
QGLFQKHREEELEERRKLYRWGNWKDGLILNMAGAKLYDLPVDERFLEDKRVDFEVSLAK
GLADLAIKDSLNVLTCWKDLDDFNRIFWCGQSKLAERVRDSWKEDALFGYQFLNGANPVV
LRRSAHLPARLVFPPGMEELQAQLEKELEGGTLFEADFSLLDGIKANVILCSQQHLAAPL
VMLKLQPDGKLLPMVIQLQLPRTGSPPPPLFLPTDPPMAWLLAKCWVRSSDFQLHELQSH
LLRGHLMAEVIVVATMRCLPSIHPIFKLIIPHLRYTLEINVRARTGLVSDMGIFDQIMST
GGGGHVQLLKQAGAFLTYSSFCPPDDLADRGLLGVKSSFYAQDALRLWEIIYRYVEGIVS
LHYKTDVAVKDDPELQTWCREITEIGLQGAQDRGFPVSLQARDQVCHFVTMCIFTCTGQH
ASVHLGQLDWYSWVPNAPCTMRLPPPTTKDATLETVMATLPNFHQASLQMSITWQLGRRQ
PVMVAVGQHEEEYFSGPEPKAVLKKFREELAALDKEIEIRNAKLDMPYEYLRPSVVENSV
AI
Number of residues
662
Molecular Weight
74803.795
Theoretical pI
6.56
GO Classification
Functions
arachidonate 12(S)-lipoxygenase activity / linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activity
Processes
fatty acid oxidation / linoleic acid metabolic process / lipid metabolic process / lipid oxidation / long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process / regulation of inflammatory response
Components
cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane / lipid droplet
General Function
Non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase that catalyzes the stereo-specific peroxidation of free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids generating a spectrum of bioactive lipid mediators (PubMed:17052953, PubMed:1944593, PubMed:24282679, PubMed:25293588, PubMed:32404334, PubMed:8334154). It inserts peroxyl groups at C12 or C15 of arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate) producing both 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoate/12-HPETE and 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoate/15-HPETE (PubMed:17052953, PubMed:1944593, PubMed:24282679, PubMed:8334154). It may then act on 12-HPETE to produce hepoxilins, which may show pro-inflammatory properties (By similarity). Can also peroxidize linoleate ((9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate) to 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate/13-HPODE (PubMed:8334154). May participate in the sequential oxidations of DHA ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate) to generate specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)like resolvin D5 ((7S,17S)-diHPDHA) and (7S,14S)-diHPDHA, that actively down-regulate the immune response and have anti-aggregation properties with platelets (PubMed:32404334). Can convert epoxy fatty acids to hydroperoxy-epoxides derivatives followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution leading to the formation of monocyclic endoperoxides (PubMed:25293588). Plays an important role during the maintenance of self-tolerance by peroxidizing membrane-bound phosphatidylethanolamine which can then signal the sorting process for clearance of apoptotic cells during inflammation and prevent an autoimmune response. In addition to its role in the immune and inflammatory responses, this enzyme may play a role in epithelial wound healing in the cornea through production of lipoxin A4 (LXA(4)) and docosahexaenoic acid-derived neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1; 10R,17S-HDHA), both lipid autacoids exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, it may regulate actin polymerization which is crucial for several biological processes such as the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. It is also implicated in the generation of endogenous ligands for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR-gamma), hence modulating macrophage development and function. It may also exert a negative effect on skeletal development by regulating bone mass through this pathway. As well as participates in ER stress and downstream inflammation in adipocytes, pancreatic islets, and liver (By similarity). Finally, it is also involved in the cellular response to IL13/interleukin-13 (PubMed:21831839).
Specific Function
arachidonate 12(S)-lipoxygenase activity
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
Not Available
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Cytoplasm, cytosol
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010075|Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15)
ATGGGTCTCTACCGCATCCGCGTGTCCACTGGGGCCTCGCTCTATGCCGGTTCCAACAAC
CAGGTGCAGCTGTGGCTGGTCGGCCAGCACGGGGAGGCGGCGCTCGGGAAGCGACTGTGG
CCCGCACGGGGCAAGGAGACAGAACTCAAGGTGGAAGTACCGGAGTATCTGGGGCCGCTG
CTGTTTGTGAAACTGCGCAAACGGCACCTCCTTAAGGACGACGCCTGGTTCTGCAACTGG
ATCTCTGTGCAGGGCCCCGGAGCCGGGGACGAGGTCAGGTTCCCTTGTTACCGCTGGGTG
GAGGGCAACGGCGTCCTGAGCCTGCCTGAAGGCACCGGCCGCACTGTGGGCGAGGACCCT
CAGGGCCTGTTCCAGAAACACCGGGAAGAAGAGCTGGAAGAGAGAAGGAAGTTGTACCGG
TGGGGAAACTGGAAGGACGGGTTAATTCTGAATATGGCTGGGGCCAAACTATATGACCTC
CCTGTGGATGAGCGATTTCTGGAAGACAAGAGAGTTGACTTTGAGGTTTCGCTGGCCAAG
GGGCTGGCCGACCTCGCTATCAAAGACTCTCTAAATGTTCTGACTTGCTGGAAGGATCTA
GATGACTTCAACCGGATTTTCTGGTGTGGTCAGAGCAAGCTGGCTGAGCGCGTGCGGGAC
TCCTGGAAGGAAGATGCCTTATTTGGGTACCAGTTTCTTAATGGCGCCAACCCCGTGGTG
CTGAGGCGCTCTGCTCACCTTCCTGCTCGCCTAGTGTTCCCTCCAGGCATGGAGGAACTG
CAGGCCCAGCTGGAGAAGGAGCTGGAGGGAGGCACACTGTTCGAAGCTGACTTCTCCCTG
CTGGATGGGATCAAGGCCAACGTCATTCTCTGTAGCCAGCAGCACCTGGCTGCCCCTCTA
GTCATGCTGAAATTGCAGCCTGATGGGAAACTCTTGCCCATGGTCATCCAGCTCCAGCTG
CCCCGCACAGGATCCCCACCACCTCCCCTTTTCTTGCCTACGGATCCCCCAATGGCCTGG
CTTCTGGCCAAATGCTGGGTGCGCAGCTCTGACTTCCAGCTCCATGAGCTGCAGTCTCAT
CTTCTGAGGGGACACTTGATGGCTGAGGTCATTGTTGTGGCCACCATGAGGTGCCTGCCG
TCGATACATCCTATCTTCAAGCTTATAATTCCCCACCTGCGATACACCCTGGAAATTAAC
GTCCGGGCCAGGACTGGGCTGGTCTCTGACATGGGAATTTTCGACCAGATAATGAGCACT
GGTGGGGGAGGCCACGTGCAGCTGCTCAAGCAAGCTGGAGCCTTCCTAACCTACAGCTCC
TTCTGTCCCCCTGATGACTTGGCCGACCGGGGGCTCCTGGGAGTGAAGTCTTCCTTCTAT
GCCCAAGATGCGCTGCGGCTCTGGGAAATCATCTATCGGTATGTGGAAGGAATCGTGAGT
CTCCACTATAAGACAGACGTGGCTGTGAAAGACGACCCAGAGCTGCAGACCTGGTGTCGA
GAGATCACTGAAATCGGGCTGCAAGGGGCCCAGGACCGAGGGTTTCCTGTCTCTTTACAG
GCTCGGGACCAGGTTTGCCACTTTGTCACCATGTGTATCTTCACCTGCACCGGCCAACAC
GCCTCTGTGCACCTGGGCCAGCTGGACTGGTACTCTTGGGTGCCTAATGCACCCTGCACG
ATGCGGCTGCCCCCGCCAACCACCAAGGATGCAACGCTGGAGACAGTGATGGCGACACTG
CCCAACTTCCACCAGGCTTCTCTCCAGATGTCCATCACTTGGCAGCTGGGCAGACGCCAG
CCCGTTATGGTGGCTGTGGGCCAGCATGAGGAGGAGTATTTTTCGGGCCCTGAGCCTAAG
GCTGTGCTGAAGAAGTTCAGGGAGGAGCTGGCTGCCCTGGATAAGGAAATTGAGATCCGG
AATGCAAAGCTGGACATGCCCTACGAGTACCTGCGGCCCAGCGTGGTGGAAAACAGTGTG
GCCATCTAA
Chromosome Location
17
Locus
17p13.2
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP16050
UniProtKB Entry NameLOX15_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID307135
GenBank Gene IDM23892
GeneCard IDALOX15
GenAtlas IDALOX15
HGNC IDHGNC:433
KEGG IDhsa:246
IUPHAR/Guide To Pharmacology ID1388
NCBI Gene ID246
General References
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  2. Kritzik MR, Ziober AF, Dicharry S, Conrad DJ, Sigal E: Characterization and sequence of an additional 15-lipoxygenase transcript and of the human gene. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Jun 26;1352(3):267-81. [Article]
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  6. Kelavkar U, Wang S, Montero A, Murtagh J, Shah K, Badr K: Human 15-lipoxygenase gene promoter: analysis and identification of DNA binding sites for IL-13-induced regulatory factors in monocytes. Mol Biol Rep. 1998 Jul;25(3):173-82. [Article]
  7. Sigal E, Grunberger D, Craik CS, Caughey GH, Nadel JA: Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (omega-6 lipoxygenase) from human leukocytes. Purification and structural homology to other mammalian lipoxygenases. J Biol Chem. 1988 Apr 15;263(11):5328-32. [Article]
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