Chlorprothixene
Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Chlorprothixene is a thioxanthene antipsychotic.
- Generic Name
- Chlorprothixene
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01239
- Background
Chlorprothixene is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene (tricyclic) class. Chlorprothixene exerts strong blocking effects by blocking the 5-HT2 D1, D2, D3, histamine H1, muscarinic and alpha1 adrenergic receptors.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Experimental, Investigational, Withdrawn
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 315.86
Monoisotopic: 315.0848485 - Chemical Formula
- C18H18ClNS
- Synonyms
- Alpha-Chlorprothixene
- Chlorprothixen
- Chlorprothixene
- Chlorprothixine
- Chlorprotixen
- Chlorprotixene
- Chlorprotixine
- Chlothixen
Pharmacology
- Indication
For treatment of psychotic disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) and of acute mania occuring as part of bipolar disorders.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Psychosis •••••••••••• •••••• Treatment of Schizophrenia •••••••••••• •••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Chlorprothixene is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthine class. It has a low antipsychotic potency (half to 2/3 of chlorpromazine). Chlorprothixene has not thoroughly demonstrated an antidepressant or analgesic effect but it has demonstrated antiemetic effects. It is used in the treatment of nervous, mental, and emotional conditions. Improvement in such conditions is thought to result from the effect of the medicine on nerve pathways in specific areas of the brain. Chlorprothixene has a similar side effect profile to chlorpromazine, though allergic side effects and liver damage are less frequent.
- Mechanism of action
Chlorprothixene blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones and is believed to depress the reticular activating system thus affecting basal metabolism, body temperature, wakefulness, vasomotor tone, and emesis.
Target Actions Organism AD(2) dopamine receptor antagonistHumans AD(1A) dopamine receptor antagonistHumans AD(3) dopamine receptor antagonistHumans A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A antagonistHumans AHistamine H1 receptor antagonistHumans ASerotonin Receptors inhibitorHumans NMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 antagonistHumans NMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonistHumans NMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 antagonistHumans NMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 antagonistHumans NMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 antagonistHumans - Absorption
Incomplete bioavailability.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Hepatic
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
8 to 12 hours
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include difficulty in breathing (severe), dizziness (severe), drowsiness (severe), muscle trembling, jerking, stiffness, or uncontrolled movements (severe), small pupils, unusual excitement, and unusual tiredness or weakness (severe).
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Chlorprothixene is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Acenocoumarol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorprothixene is combined with Acenocoumarol. Acetazolamide The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Chlorprothixene. Acetophenazine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Acetophenazine is combined with Chlorprothixene. Aclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorprothixene is combined with Aclidinium. - Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol.
- Take with food. Food reduces irritation.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Chlorprothixene hydrochloride 268KCR965N 6469-93-8 YWKRLOSRDGPEJR-KIUKIJHYSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Clothixen (Yoshitomi) / Cloxan (Orion) / Taractan (Roche)
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N05AF03 — Chlorprothixene
- Drug Categories
- Agents producing tachycardia
- Anticholinergic Agents
- Antidepressive Agents
- Antipsychotic Agents
- Antipsychotic Agents (First Generation [Typical])
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Dopamine Agents
- Dopamine Antagonists
- Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Histamine Antagonists
- Histamine H1 Antagonists
- Muscarinic Antagonists
- Nervous System
- Neurotoxic agents
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- Potential QTc-Prolonging Agents
- Psycholeptics
- Psychotropic Drugs
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin Agents
- Serotonin Receptor Antagonists
- Sulfur Compounds
- Thioxanthene Derivatives
- Thioxanthenes
- Tranquilizing Agents
- Xanthenes
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 9S7OD60EWP
- CAS number
- 113-59-7
- InChI Key
- WSPOMRSOLSGNFJ-AUWJEWJLSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C18H18ClNS/c1-20(2)11-5-7-14-15-6-3-4-8-17(15)21-18-10-9-13(19)12-16(14)18/h3-4,6-10,12H,5,11H2,1-2H3/b14-7-
- IUPAC Name
- {3-[(9Z)-2-chloro-9H-thioxanthen-9-ylidene]propyl}dimethylamine
- SMILES
- CN(C)CC\C=C1\C2=CC=CC=C2SC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C12
References
- Synthesis Reference
Sprague, J.M. and Engelhardt, E.L.; US. Patent 2,951,082; August 30, 1960; assigned to Merck & Co., Inc. Schlapfer, R. and Spiegelberg, H.; US. Patent 3,115,502; December 24,1963; assigned to Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc.
US3046283- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D00790
- KEGG Compound
- C07953
- PubChem Compound
- 667466
- PubChem Substance
- 46508957
- ChemSpider
- 580849
- BindingDB
- 50240514
- 2406
- ChEBI
- 50931
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL908
- ZINC
- ZINC000000001137
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000833
- PharmGKB
- PA164781400
- Wikipedia
- Chlorprothixene
- MSDS
- Download (63.3 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Not Available Bipolar Disorder (BD) / Psychosis / Schizoaffective Disorders / Schizophrenia / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Recruiting Not Available Obesity, Morbid 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 3 Terminated Treatment Anxiety Disorders / Dementia / Depression / Psychosomatic Disorders / Schizophrenia 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet, film coated Oral 15 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 50 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 90 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 15 MG Tablet, film coated Oral 50 MG - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 153-154 Sprague, J.M. and Engelhardt, E.L.; US. Patent 2,951,082; August 30, 1960; assigned to Merck & Co., Inc. Schlapfer, R. and Spiegelberg, H.; US. Patent 3,115,502; December 24,1963; assigned to Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc. water solubility 0.295 mg/L Not Available logP 5.18 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.000366 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 5.42 ALOGPS logP 5.07 Chemaxon logS -5.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.76 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 3.24 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 Chemaxon Refractivity 104.66 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 35.77 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9899 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.95 Caco-2 permeable + 0.7404 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8042 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.8407 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Inhibitor 0.8884 Renal organic cation transporter Inhibitor 0.72 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7199 CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.6845 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.7096 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.9106 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9071 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8931 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9026 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8308 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.768 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7084 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8714 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9838 Rat acute toxicity 3.1665 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8117 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.7373
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (8.22 KB)
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-01b9-0059000000-42b939b1ca50abc0dc7f Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0009000000-93ef2c8704ae801d71a5 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00di-2094000000-bbec5a732c2dec06b607 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-2069000000-66607713632d4be4377e Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-05g0-0090000000-5d056817edc427a9901e Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-001i-9010000000-1317deaef4a4eac32efa Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase (PubMed:21645528). Positively regulates postnatal regression of retinal hyaloid vessels via suppression of VEGFR2/KDR activity, downstream of OPN5 (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- dopamine binding
- Gene Name
- DRD2
- Uniprot ID
- P14416
- Uniprot Name
- D(2) dopamine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 50618.91 Da
References
- Froimowitz M, Cody V: Biologically active conformers of phenothiazines and thioxanthenes. Further evidence for a ligand model of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem. 1993 Jul 23;36(15):2219-27. [Article]
- Fux M, Belmaker RH: A controlled comparative study of chlorprothixene vs. haloperidol in chronic schizophrenia. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1991;28(1):37-40. [Article]
- von Coburg Y, Kottke T, Weizel L, Ligneau X, Stark H: Potential utility of histamine H3 receptor antagonist pharmacophore in antipsychotics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jan 15;19(2):538-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.012. Epub 2008 Sep 7. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase
- Specific Function
- arrestin family protein binding
- Gene Name
- DRD1
- Uniprot ID
- P21728
- Uniprot Name
- D(1A) dopamine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 49292.765 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Fux M, Belmaker RH: A controlled comparative study of chlorprothixene vs. haloperidol in chronic schizophrenia. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1991;28(1):37-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation
- Specific Function
- dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go
- Gene Name
- DRD3
- Uniprot ID
- P35462
- Uniprot Name
- D(3) dopamine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 44194.315 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Fux M, Belmaker RH: A controlled comparative study of chlorprothixene vs. haloperidol in chronic schizophrenia. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1991;28(1):37-40. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:1330647, PubMed:18703043, PubMed:19057895, PubMed:21645528, PubMed:22300836, PubMed:35084960, PubMed:38552625). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (PubMed:28129538, PubMed:35084960). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors (PubMed:28129538, PubMed:35084960). HTR2A is coupled to G(q)/G(11) G alpha proteins and activates phospholipase C-beta, releasing diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) second messengers that modulate the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promote the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores, respectively (PubMed:18703043, PubMed:28129538, PubMed:35084960). Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways (PubMed:28129538, PubMed:35084960). Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood (PubMed:18297054). Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding
- Gene Name
- HTR2A
- Uniprot ID
- P28223
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
- Molecular Weight
- 52602.58 Da
References
- Antkiewicz-Michaluk L: The influence of chronic treatment with antidepressant neuroleptics on the central serotonin system. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm. 1986 Jul-Aug;38(4):359-70. [Article]
- Wander TJ, Nelson A, Okazaki H, Richelson E: Antagonism by neuroleptics of serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors of normal human brain in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 1987 Nov 10;143(2):279-82. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- Curator comments
- Some in vitro studies provide evidence of this target relationship, however, further research is warranted.
- General Function
- G-protein-coupled receptor for histamine, a biogenic amine that functions as an immune modulator and a neurotransmitter (PubMed:33828102, PubMed:8280179). Through the H1 receptor, histamine mediates the contraction of smooth muscles and increases capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules. Also mediates neurotransmission in the central nervous system and thereby regulates circadian rhythms, emotional and locomotor activities as well as cognitive functions (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
- Gene Name
- HRH1
- Uniprot ID
- P35367
- Uniprot Name
- Histamine H1 receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 55783.61 Da
References
- Vasudevan SR, Moore JB, Schymura Y, Churchill GC: Shape-based reprofiling of FDA-approved drugs for the H(1) histamine receptor. J Med Chem. 2012 Aug 23;55(16):7054-60. doi: 10.1021/jm300671m. Epub 2012 Aug 6. [Article]
- Ding P, Yan X, Liu Z, Du J, Du Y, Lu Y, Wu D, Xu Y, Zhou H, Gu Q, Xu J: PTS: a pharmaceutical target seeker. Database (Oxford). 2017 Jan 1;2017. pii: 4781737. doi: 10.1093/database/bax095. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Not all literature specifies the specificity of this drug for the serotonin receptor subtypes.
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:22957663, PubMed:3138543, PubMed:33762731, PubMed:37935376, PubMed:37935377, PubMed:8138923, PubMed:8393041). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances (PubMed:22957663, PubMed:3138543, PubMed:33762731, PubMed:38552625, PubMed:8138923, PubMed:8393041). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase (PubMed:22957663, PubMed:3138543, PubMed:33762731, PubMed:8138923, PubMed:8393041). HTR1A is coupled to G(i)/G(o) G alpha proteins and mediates inhibitory neurotransmission: signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that regulates the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores (PubMed:33762731, PubMed:35610220). Beta-arrestin family members regulate signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20363322, PubMed:20945968). Plays a role in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release and in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20363322, PubMed:20945968). Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, mood and behavior (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20363322, PubMed:20945968). Plays a role in the response to anxiogenic stimuli (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20363322, PubMed:20945968)
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
Components:
References
- Drummond AH, Whigham KA, Prentice CR: Effects of chlorprothixene isomers on platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors: evidence for different 5-hydroxytryptamine conformations at uptake and stimulatory sites. Eur J Pharmacol. 1976 Jun;37(2):385-8. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(76)90047-9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
- Gene Name
- CHRM1
- Uniprot ID
- P11229
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
- Molecular Weight
- 51420.375 Da
References
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition. Signaling promotes phospholipase C activity, leading to the release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3); this then triggers calcium ion release into the cytosol
- Specific Function
- arrestin family protein binding
- Gene Name
- CHRM2
- Uniprot ID
- P08172
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
- Molecular Weight
- 51714.605 Da
References
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover
- Specific Function
- acetylcholine binding
- Gene Name
- CHRM3
- Uniprot ID
- P20309
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
- Molecular Weight
- 66127.445 Da
References
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is inhibition of adenylate cyclase
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
- Gene Name
- CHRM4
- Uniprot ID
- P08173
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
- Molecular Weight
- 53048.65 Da
References
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
- Gene Name
- CHRM5
- Uniprot ID
- P08912
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
- Molecular Weight
- 60073.205 Da
References
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Mahar Doan KM, Humphreys JE, Webster LO, Wring SA, Shampine LJ, Serabjit-Singh CJ, Adkison KK, Polli JW: Passive permeability and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux differentiate central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS marketed drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Dec;303(3):1029-37. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at June 09, 2021 08:40