Doctorate in Faculty of Medicine and currently associated as Professor with Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa, India Address: Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, India- 403 001
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Apr 1, 2022
Panchgavya represents milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd, derived from cow and serves irreplaceabl... more Panchgavya represents milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd, derived from cow and serves irreplaceable medicinal importance in Ayurveda and traditional Indian clinical practices. In Ayurveda,Panchgavya treatment is termed as ‘Cowpathy’. In India, the cow is worshipped as a god called ‘Gaumata,’ indicating its nourishing nature like a mother. Ayurveda recommends Panchagavya to treat diseases of multiple systems, including severe conditions, with almost no side-effects. It can help build a healthy population, alternative sources of energy, complete nutritional requirements, eradicate poverty, pollution-free environment, organic farming, etc. Panchgavya can also give back to mother nature by promoting soil fertility, earthworm production, protecting crops from bacterial and fungal infections, etc. Scientific efforts shall be taken to build evidence for the clinical application of Cowpathy. The present review aims to summarize the health and medicinal benefits of Panchgavya.
The present study dealt with the rutin mediated synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO ... more The present study dealt with the rutin mediated synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs), their characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. XRD spectrum of uncalcined TiO 2 NPs did not show any distinct diffraction peaks revealing its amorphous nature, while calcinated TiO 2 NPs showed prominent diffraction peaks indicating its crystalline anatase form. SEM and TEM images helped to understand uniform spherical structure of synthesized uncalcined TiO 2 NPs, whereas EDX analysis exhibited unique mineral content. Rutin, uncalcined, and calcinated TiO 2 NPs showed good free radical scavenging, moderate α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Overall, biosynthesized TiO 2 NPs showed promising antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties with no observed toxicity. Furthermore, these biosynthesized nanoparticles are equally compatible with nanoparticles prepared via chemical methods.
Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Dregea volubilis is an important folk medicinal plant use... more Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Dregea volubilis is an important folk medicinal plant used as an ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations to treat asthma, piles, urinary tract infections, tumours, leucoderma, piles, inflammations, rheumatic pain, cough, severe cold and fever. Aim of the study The phytochemicals, percentage of extract yield, total phenolics and flavonoids, in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities of six solvent extracts obtained from the leaves of D. volubilis (DVL) were investigated. Material ad Methods Chemical composition of DVL extract was analysed using GC-MS, total phenolics and flavonoids by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was performed using eight in vitro assays and antidiabetic activity was evaluated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. Antibacterial activity was studied against 10 pathogenic bacteria by agar disc diffusion and microdilution method. Results The extract yield was higher in hydroalcoholic (9.15%) and methanolic extracts (6.8%). A total of 67 compounds were identified from six extracts, of which 17 compounds especially squalene, oleic acid and palmitic acid were prominent constituents. Maximum amount of total phenolics (48.66 ± 4.19 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (29.58 ± 0.47 mg QE/g) were recorded in methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts respectively. Hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts displayed strong inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 60.51 ± 2.78 and 38.58 ± 0.56 µg/mL respectively. Methanol extract showed highest DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide radical activities with the IC50 of 39.24 ± 2.56, 13.06 ± 1.40 and 13.71 ± 6.99 µg/mL respectively. While, hydroalcoholic extract exhibited better free radical scavenging ability for ABTS (51.23 ± 8.36 µg/mL), hydroxyl radical scavenging (46.92 ± 14.30 µg/mL), total antioxidant (16.81 ± 1.60 AAE mg/g) and metal chelating ability (49.61 ± 0.96 EDTA E mg/g). The FRAP assay showed better activity in aqueous extract with a value of 258.25 ± 3.31 mM Fe (II) E mg/g. Hydroalcoholic, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts showed significant antibacterial activity at higher concentrations against P. vulgaris (21.0 ± 1.01 mm), B. subtilis (22.6 ± 0.54 mm) and E. coli (27.8 ± 0.83 mm) respectively. The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between the amount of total phenolics and flavonoids with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in a concentration dependent way. Conclusion The results of present investigation proved that hydroalcoholic extract of DVL could be used as a promising natural antioxidant with potential enzyme inhibitory and antibacterial properties and might be used as a therapeutic agent in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Apr 1, 2022
Panchgavya represents milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd, derived from cow and serves irreplaceabl... more Panchgavya represents milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd, derived from cow and serves irreplaceable medicinal importance in Ayurveda and traditional Indian clinical practices. In Ayurveda,Panchgavya treatment is termed as ‘Cowpathy’. In India, the cow is worshipped as a god called ‘Gaumata,’ indicating its nourishing nature like a mother. Ayurveda recommends Panchagavya to treat diseases of multiple systems, including severe conditions, with almost no side-effects. It can help build a healthy population, alternative sources of energy, complete nutritional requirements, eradicate poverty, pollution-free environment, organic farming, etc. Panchgavya can also give back to mother nature by promoting soil fertility, earthworm production, protecting crops from bacterial and fungal infections, etc. Scientific efforts shall be taken to build evidence for the clinical application of Cowpathy. The present review aims to summarize the health and medicinal benefits of Panchgavya.
The present study dealt with the rutin mediated synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO ... more The present study dealt with the rutin mediated synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs), their characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. XRD spectrum of uncalcined TiO 2 NPs did not show any distinct diffraction peaks revealing its amorphous nature, while calcinated TiO 2 NPs showed prominent diffraction peaks indicating its crystalline anatase form. SEM and TEM images helped to understand uniform spherical structure of synthesized uncalcined TiO 2 NPs, whereas EDX analysis exhibited unique mineral content. Rutin, uncalcined, and calcinated TiO 2 NPs showed good free radical scavenging, moderate α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Overall, biosynthesized TiO 2 NPs showed promising antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties with no observed toxicity. Furthermore, these biosynthesized nanoparticles are equally compatible with nanoparticles prepared via chemical methods.
Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Dregea volubilis is an important folk medicinal plant use... more Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Dregea volubilis is an important folk medicinal plant used as an ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations to treat asthma, piles, urinary tract infections, tumours, leucoderma, piles, inflammations, rheumatic pain, cough, severe cold and fever. Aim of the study The phytochemicals, percentage of extract yield, total phenolics and flavonoids, in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities of six solvent extracts obtained from the leaves of D. volubilis (DVL) were investigated. Material ad Methods Chemical composition of DVL extract was analysed using GC-MS, total phenolics and flavonoids by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was performed using eight in vitro assays and antidiabetic activity was evaluated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. Antibacterial activity was studied against 10 pathogenic bacteria by agar disc diffusion and microdilution method. Results The extract yield was higher in hydroalcoholic (9.15%) and methanolic extracts (6.8%). A total of 67 compounds were identified from six extracts, of which 17 compounds especially squalene, oleic acid and palmitic acid were prominent constituents. Maximum amount of total phenolics (48.66 ± 4.19 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (29.58 ± 0.47 mg QE/g) were recorded in methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts respectively. Hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts displayed strong inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 60.51 ± 2.78 and 38.58 ± 0.56 µg/mL respectively. Methanol extract showed highest DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide radical activities with the IC50 of 39.24 ± 2.56, 13.06 ± 1.40 and 13.71 ± 6.99 µg/mL respectively. While, hydroalcoholic extract exhibited better free radical scavenging ability for ABTS (51.23 ± 8.36 µg/mL), hydroxyl radical scavenging (46.92 ± 14.30 µg/mL), total antioxidant (16.81 ± 1.60 AAE mg/g) and metal chelating ability (49.61 ± 0.96 EDTA E mg/g). The FRAP assay showed better activity in aqueous extract with a value of 258.25 ± 3.31 mM Fe (II) E mg/g. Hydroalcoholic, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts showed significant antibacterial activity at higher concentrations against P. vulgaris (21.0 ± 1.01 mm), B. subtilis (22.6 ± 0.54 mm) and E. coli (27.8 ± 0.83 mm) respectively. The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between the amount of total phenolics and flavonoids with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in a concentration dependent way. Conclusion The results of present investigation proved that hydroalcoholic extract of DVL could be used as a promising natural antioxidant with potential enzyme inhibitory and antibacterial properties and might be used as a therapeutic agent in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
Research in the area of 'Plant Cell Culture' technology has resulted in the production of many ph... more Research in the area of 'Plant Cell Culture' technology has resulted in the production of many pharmaceutical substances for new therapeutics. Advances in the area of cell culture for the production of medicinal compounds have made possible the production of a wide variety of pharmaceuticals like alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids and amino acids. During the past few decades, a considerable progress has been made to stimulate the formation and accumulation of secondary metabolites using plant cell culture. The present book, therefore describes new protocols for development of cell culture of medicinal plants and qualitative as well as quantitative estimation of secondary metabolites from culture thereof. It also highlights the effect of elicitation treatment on the production of secondary metabolites and pharmacological screening of the same with various in-vitro and in-vivo animal models.
Adulteration and misidentification of herbal drugs can cause serious health problems to consumers... more Adulteration and misidentification of herbal drugs can cause serious health problems to consumers. The first step in quality control of medicinal plants is ensuring the authenticity of the desired species for intended use, with anatomical study playing a critical role in identifying and authenticating medicinal plants. A product of numerous years of experience and research, Indian Herbal Drug Microscopy is a vital resource for identifying and evaluating Indian medicinal plants. Comprised of four concise and comprehensive chapters, the book presents stepwise procedures for sectioning of plant material, histo-chemical staining techniques, and the anatomy of forty well-known and medicinally important plants, including Arjuna, Ashoka, Ashwagandha, Cinchona, Cinnamon, Ginger, Kurchi, Rauwolfia, Turmeric, Tulsi, and Vasaka. The book is also supplemented with color photographs and hand-drawn microscopic images. Written by authorities in the field, Indian Herbal Drug Microscopy is a valuable guide for herbal drug microscopy of Indian medicinal plants.
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Comprised of four concise and comprehensive chapters, the book presents stepwise procedures for sectioning of plant material, histo-chemical staining techniques, and the anatomy of forty well-known and medicinally important plants, including Arjuna, Ashoka, Ashwagandha, Cinchona, Cinnamon, Ginger, Kurchi, Rauwolfia, Turmeric, Tulsi, and Vasaka. The book is also supplemented with color photographs and hand-drawn microscopic images.
Written by authorities in the field, Indian Herbal Drug Microscopy is a valuable guide for herbal drug microscopy of Indian medicinal plants.