Marine environment is in constant threat due to anthropogenic activities which are involved in di... more Marine environment is in constant threat due to anthropogenic activities which are involved in disturbing the aquatic flora and fauna due to accumulation of toxic metals and metalloids. The current study involves the use of microbial remediation strategy for reduction of toxic sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) into less toxic elemental Se (Se0) with concurrent synthesis of Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) possessing several biomedical potential. Selenite reducing bacterial strain isolated from Mandovi estuary of Goa, India was identified as Halomonas venusta based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and designated as strain GUSDM4. It's maximum tolerance level for Na2SeO3 was 100 mM. The 2, 3-diaminonaphthalene based spectroscopic analysis clearly demonstrated 93% reduction of 4 mM Na2SeO3 to Se0 during late stationary growth phase of Halomonas venusta. Biosynthesis of SeNPs commenced within 4 h during log phase which was clearly evident from red colour in the growth medium and a characteristic ...
Background The emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes necessitates the exploration, de... more Background The emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes necessitates the exploration, development and validation of alternative and sustainable biological strategies for controlling mosquitoes in their natural environments.Methods We assessed the predatory effect of Utricularia aurea, an aquatic carnivorous plant found in the Indian sub-continent, Japan, and Australia, on four instar (larval) stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus, in the laboratory and field settings.Results In the laboratory, within twelve hours, U. aurea predated ~ 95% of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars of the three mosquito species, ~ 80% of the 4th instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi and ~ 60% of 4th instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The predatory effect of U. aurea significantly varied among the three mosquito species and their instar stages. The effect of U. aurea on the instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus differed significantly from that on the instars of Ae. aegypti ...
Background Efforts to study the biology of Plasmodium vivax liver stages, particularly the latent... more Background Efforts to study the biology of Plasmodium vivax liver stages, particularly the latent hypnozoites, have been hampered by the limited availability of P. vivax sporozoites. Anopheles stephensi is a major urban malaria vector in Goa and elsewhere in South Asia. Using P. vivax patient blood samples, a series of standard membrane-feeding experiments were performed with An. stephensi under the US NIH International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) for Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA). The goal was to understand the dynamics of parasite development in mosquitoes as well as the production of P. vivax sporozoites. To obtain a robust supply of P. vivax sporozoites, mosquito-rearing and mosquito membrane-feeding techniques were optimized, which are described here. Methods Membrane-feeding experiments were conducted using both wild and laboratory-colonized An. stephensi mosquitoes and patient-derived P. vivax collected at the Goa Medical College and Hospital. P...
Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Effect of serum replacement on mosquito feeding rate of laboratory-co... more Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Effect of serum replacement on mosquito feeding rate of laboratory-colonized An. stephensi.
Nine Bacilli were isolated from 3 spatially diverse zones viz., tidal, intertidal and seashore at... more Nine Bacilli were isolated from 3 spatially diverse zones viz., tidal, intertidal and seashore at Miramar beach in Goa, India. The isolates were assessed for mosquito larvicidal activity against 3 instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Colony and biochemical characteristics of the isolates showed similarity to Bacillus sphaericus Neide 2362 and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis H-14 commercial strains. Preliminary toxicity screening indicated that four isolates (B1C, C1A, C2A and C2C) possessed mild to high toxicity (60-100% mortality) and were further assayed to obtain LC50 and LC90 values following a 24 and 48 hour treatment period. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these isolates clustered with mild and highly toxic strains of Bacillus, Lysinibacillus and Aneurinibacillus sp. This is the first lead on the presence of mosquito pathogenic bacterial isolates native to Miramar beach in Goa which can be further explore...
Background India has launched the malaria elimination initiative in February 2016. Studies sugges... more Background India has launched the malaria elimination initiative in February 2016. Studies suggest that estimates of malaria are useful to rationalize interventions and track their impact. Hence, a national study was launched to estimate burden of malaria in India in 2015. Methods For sampling, all 624 districts of India were grouped in three Annual Parasite Incidence (cases per thousand population) categories, < two (low); two-five (moderate) and > five (high) API. Using probability proportional to size (PPS) method, two districts from each stratum were selected covering randomly 200,000 persons per district. Active surveillance was strengthened with 40 trained workers per study district. Data on malaria cases and deaths was collated from all health care providers i.e. pathological laboratories, private practitioners and hospitals in private and public health sectors and was used for analysis and burden estimation. Results Out of 1215,114 population under surveillance, 198,61...
A retrospective study on chikungunya outbreak in India in five States viz. Delhi, Madhya Pradesh,... more A retrospective study on chikungunya outbreak in India in five States viz. Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra and Kerala was conducted in 2007-2008 to know the distribution and determinants of chikungunya fever outbreak in India. On the basis of high and low incidence of chikungunya fever, two districts from each State and two wards from the selected district were taken for random selection of 1000 households from 10 districts and 5 States. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to individuals, patients, qualified health professionals and to stakeholders for collecting information. The educational background and occupation of the respondents showed variations across the study States. Only in high incidence ward of Maharashtra, water storage period for 3-6 days and emptying, drying of water containers on weekly basis was noted. The study through knowledge, attitude, belief, practice (KABP) obtained individual's perception of chikungunya fever, its prevention and...
The data presented in this article is associated with the quantitative proteomic analysis of four... more The data presented in this article is associated with the quantitative proteomic analysis of four mosquito tissues - midgut, Malpighian tubules, ovaries and fat body from female mosquitoes. To identify the proteins that were expressed in a tissue-specific manner, the four mosquito tissues were labelled with iTRAQ labels and analyzed using a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Database searches of the 1,10,616 raw spectra from 23 peptide fractions resulted in the identification of 84,733 peptide spectrum matches corresponding to 16,278 peptides and 3372 proteins. Of these, 959 proteins were found to be differentially expressed across the tissues. Gene ontology-based bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed proteins are also provided in the article. The data in this article has been deposited in the (ProteomeXchange) Consortium via the PRIDE repository and can be accessed through the accession ID, PXD001128.
Marine environment is in constant threat due to anthropogenic activities which are involved in di... more Marine environment is in constant threat due to anthropogenic activities which are involved in disturbing the aquatic flora and fauna due to accumulation of toxic metals and metalloids. The current study involves the use of microbial remediation strategy for reduction of toxic sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) into less toxic elemental Se (Se0) with concurrent synthesis of Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) possessing several biomedical potential. Selenite reducing bacterial strain isolated from Mandovi estuary of Goa, India was identified as Halomonas venusta based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and designated as strain GUSDM4. It's maximum tolerance level for Na2SeO3 was 100 mM. The 2, 3-diaminonaphthalene based spectroscopic analysis clearly demonstrated 93% reduction of 4 mM Na2SeO3 to Se0 during late stationary growth phase of Halomonas venusta. Biosynthesis of SeNPs commenced within 4 h during log phase which was clearly evident from red colour in the growth medium and a characteristic ...
Background The emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes necessitates the exploration, de... more Background The emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes necessitates the exploration, development and validation of alternative and sustainable biological strategies for controlling mosquitoes in their natural environments.Methods We assessed the predatory effect of Utricularia aurea, an aquatic carnivorous plant found in the Indian sub-continent, Japan, and Australia, on four instar (larval) stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus, in the laboratory and field settings.Results In the laboratory, within twelve hours, U. aurea predated ~ 95% of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars of the three mosquito species, ~ 80% of the 4th instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi and ~ 60% of 4th instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The predatory effect of U. aurea significantly varied among the three mosquito species and their instar stages. The effect of U. aurea on the instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus differed significantly from that on the instars of Ae. aegypti ...
Background Efforts to study the biology of Plasmodium vivax liver stages, particularly the latent... more Background Efforts to study the biology of Plasmodium vivax liver stages, particularly the latent hypnozoites, have been hampered by the limited availability of P. vivax sporozoites. Anopheles stephensi is a major urban malaria vector in Goa and elsewhere in South Asia. Using P. vivax patient blood samples, a series of standard membrane-feeding experiments were performed with An. stephensi under the US NIH International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) for Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA). The goal was to understand the dynamics of parasite development in mosquitoes as well as the production of P. vivax sporozoites. To obtain a robust supply of P. vivax sporozoites, mosquito-rearing and mosquito membrane-feeding techniques were optimized, which are described here. Methods Membrane-feeding experiments were conducted using both wild and laboratory-colonized An. stephensi mosquitoes and patient-derived P. vivax collected at the Goa Medical College and Hospital. P...
Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Effect of serum replacement on mosquito feeding rate of laboratory-co... more Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Effect of serum replacement on mosquito feeding rate of laboratory-colonized An. stephensi.
Nine Bacilli were isolated from 3 spatially diverse zones viz., tidal, intertidal and seashore at... more Nine Bacilli were isolated from 3 spatially diverse zones viz., tidal, intertidal and seashore at Miramar beach in Goa, India. The isolates were assessed for mosquito larvicidal activity against 3 instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Colony and biochemical characteristics of the isolates showed similarity to Bacillus sphaericus Neide 2362 and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis H-14 commercial strains. Preliminary toxicity screening indicated that four isolates (B1C, C1A, C2A and C2C) possessed mild to high toxicity (60-100% mortality) and were further assayed to obtain LC50 and LC90 values following a 24 and 48 hour treatment period. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these isolates clustered with mild and highly toxic strains of Bacillus, Lysinibacillus and Aneurinibacillus sp. This is the first lead on the presence of mosquito pathogenic bacterial isolates native to Miramar beach in Goa which can be further explore...
Background India has launched the malaria elimination initiative in February 2016. Studies sugges... more Background India has launched the malaria elimination initiative in February 2016. Studies suggest that estimates of malaria are useful to rationalize interventions and track their impact. Hence, a national study was launched to estimate burden of malaria in India in 2015. Methods For sampling, all 624 districts of India were grouped in three Annual Parasite Incidence (cases per thousand population) categories, < two (low); two-five (moderate) and > five (high) API. Using probability proportional to size (PPS) method, two districts from each stratum were selected covering randomly 200,000 persons per district. Active surveillance was strengthened with 40 trained workers per study district. Data on malaria cases and deaths was collated from all health care providers i.e. pathological laboratories, private practitioners and hospitals in private and public health sectors and was used for analysis and burden estimation. Results Out of 1215,114 population under surveillance, 198,61...
A retrospective study on chikungunya outbreak in India in five States viz. Delhi, Madhya Pradesh,... more A retrospective study on chikungunya outbreak in India in five States viz. Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra and Kerala was conducted in 2007-2008 to know the distribution and determinants of chikungunya fever outbreak in India. On the basis of high and low incidence of chikungunya fever, two districts from each State and two wards from the selected district were taken for random selection of 1000 households from 10 districts and 5 States. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to individuals, patients, qualified health professionals and to stakeholders for collecting information. The educational background and occupation of the respondents showed variations across the study States. Only in high incidence ward of Maharashtra, water storage period for 3-6 days and emptying, drying of water containers on weekly basis was noted. The study through knowledge, attitude, belief, practice (KABP) obtained individual's perception of chikungunya fever, its prevention and...
The data presented in this article is associated with the quantitative proteomic analysis of four... more The data presented in this article is associated with the quantitative proteomic analysis of four mosquito tissues - midgut, Malpighian tubules, ovaries and fat body from female mosquitoes. To identify the proteins that were expressed in a tissue-specific manner, the four mosquito tissues were labelled with iTRAQ labels and analyzed using a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Database searches of the 1,10,616 raw spectra from 23 peptide fractions resulted in the identification of 84,733 peptide spectrum matches corresponding to 16,278 peptides and 3372 proteins. Of these, 959 proteins were found to be differentially expressed across the tissues. Gene ontology-based bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed proteins are also provided in the article. The data in this article has been deposited in the (ProteomeXchange) Consortium via the PRIDE repository and can be accessed through the accession ID, PXD001128.
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