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218 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 1939
I attach no excessive importance to these recollections from various stages of my childhood, but it is convenient for me to collect them here at this moment, for they are the frame – or the fragments of the frame – within which everything else has been set. Much more decisive, it seems to me, were certain precise facts, some whose influence I have never doubted (those relating to the theater and particularly to the opera), others whose more secret significance has been revealed to me only fortuitously, in the light of a painting by Cranach representing two particularly alluring female figures: Lucrece and Judith.
As for The Tales of Hoffmann, I was fascinated because there was something to “understand” about the story, pretty much as with Parsifal. Three heroines – the doll Olympia, the courtesan Giulietta, the singer Antonia – are presented in three independent tales each of which constitutes an act; at the end, all three, products of Hoffmann’s imagination which, under the power of alcohol, has invented all three tales, turn out to be only three images of one and the same woman: the actress Stella, with whom Hoffmann is hopelessly in love. Just before the curtain falls, a huge cask lights up, and in it appears the Muse who sweetly consoles Hoffmann, asleep with his head on the table. This triple incarnation, in various aspects, of an inaccessible woman – in all three cases as well as in reality – must have been one of the first molds in which my notion of the femme fatale was formed. An automaton that is broken, a courtesan who betrays, a singer who dies of tuberculosis, such are the avatars through which the contemptuous creature passes in Hoffmann’s reverie, changing shape like the Medusa in whom each man believes he recognizes the woman he loves.
Nothing seems more like a whorehouse to me than a museum. In it you find the same equivocal aspect, the same frozen quality. In one, beautiful, frozen images of Venus, Judith, Susanna, Juno, Lucrece, Salome, and other heroines; in the other, living women in their traditional garb, with their stereotyped gestures and phrases. In both, you are in a sense under the sign of archeology; and if I have always loved whorehouses it is because they, too, participate in antiquity by their slave-market aspect, a ritual prostitution.