Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly d... more Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly distinct physical, chemical and biological properties from their bulk counterparts. Nano-size particles of less than 100nm in diameter are currently attracting increasing attention for the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Silver nanoparticles are of silver, which are in the range of 1 and 100 nm in size. Silver nanoparticles have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics, in therapies, as well as in devices that are used in several medical procedures. The major methods used for silver nanoparticle synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. The problem with the chemical and physical methods is that the synthesis is expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. To overcome this, the biological method provides a feasible alternative. The major biological systems involved in this are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts. In most...
Different mechanisms in cancer cells become resistant to one or more chemotherapeutics is known a... more Different mechanisms in cancer cells become resistant to one or more chemotherapeutics is known as multidrug resistance (MDR) which hinders chemotherapy efficacy. Potential factors for MDR includes enhanced drug detoxification, decreased drug uptake, increased intracellular nucleophiles levels, enhanced repair of drug induced DNA damage, over expression of drug transporter such as P-glycoprotein(P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP1,MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). New chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems have been developed to combat drug resistance and multidrug resistance. Nanogel are being used to deliver drugs more effectively in cancer chemotherapy. These novel applications and techniques include: Nanogels for loading siRNA. This is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules consisting of 21–23 nucleotides, involved in inhibition of protein synthesis encoded by the messenger RNAs. Nanogels are used as carrie...
The purpose of this study was to carry out temperature and relative humidity mapping of a samplin... more The purpose of this study was to carry out temperature and relative humidity mapping of a sampling store room for a period of 72 h. The study was aimed to find out if the temperature and relative humidity distribution were uniform and maintained within the acceptance criteria throughout the sampling room. The temperature and relative humidity were maintained and controlled by a HVAC system. The study was carried out using Ebro EBI 20 temperature/humidity data loggers. A total of ten data loggers were used, which were kept at specific locations in the room throughout the study period. Based on the acceptance criteria of the study protocol the temperature was to be maintained between 20°C to 25°C and the relative humidity be not more than 65% RH. Based on the evaluation of data it was observed the minimal temperature was 22.8°C, maximum temperature was 24.6°C, minimum relative humidity was 46.1% RH and maximum relative humidity was 64.4% RH.
Background: Poor quality products, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medication errors (ME) are r... more Background: Poor quality products, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medication errors (ME) are reported to negatively influence health care cost, patients’ treatment outcomes and quality of life. One way which can help in detection and prevention of their occurrence is through spontaneous reporting of these effects/events to the regulatory bodies. Despite the efforts done by regulatory bodies in different countries including Tanzania, the rate of reporting has remained low. This study therefore, assessed the participation of private healthcare facilities in pharmacovigilance (PV) activities in Tanzania Mainland. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in selected regions in Tanzania from December 2017 to June 2018. A total of 169 healthcare facilities and 192 healthcare professionals were involved. Data was collected using questionnaires and standard checklist. Results: Only (17%) of the respondents had good knowledge on PV activities and only (29.7%) of the part...
Every organization should have a written standard operating procedure (SOP) establishing the prov... more Every organization should have a written standard operating procedure (SOP) establishing the provisions for corrective and preventive actions. Instructions for how they should be handled within the organization in case of potential product problems, customer complaints or action to eliminate the cause of a detected Nonconformities or incident. Effective corrective action and preventive action (CAPA) systems are a key component to continuous improvement. This review provides a comprehensive view on steps involved in corrective action and preventive action, mechanism of taking CAPA enabling to improve the system of quality management and Application of CAPA System throughout the Product Lifecyclein pharmaceutical industry, and it is importance to establish change management system after CAPA which provide a high degree of assurance there are no unintended consequences of the change.
Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly d... more Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly distinct physical, chemical and biological properties from their bulk counterparts. Nano-size particles of less than 100nm in diameter are currently attracting increasing attention for the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Silver nanoparticles are of silver, which are in the range of 1 and 100 nm in size. Silver nanoparticles have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics, in therapies, as well as in devices that are used in several medical procedures. The major methods used for silver nanoparticle synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. The problem with the chemical and physical methods is that the synthesis is expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. To overcome this, the biological method provides a feasible alternative. The major biological systems involved in this are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts. In most...
Different mechanisms in cancer cells become resistant to one or more chemotherapeutics is known a... more Different mechanisms in cancer cells become resistant to one or more chemotherapeutics is known as multidrug resistance (MDR) which hinders chemotherapy efficacy. Potential factors for MDR includes enhanced drug detoxification, decreased drug uptake, increased intracellular nucleophiles levels, enhanced repair of drug induced DNA damage, over expression of drug transporter such as P-glycoprotein(P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP1,MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). New chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems have been developed to combat drug resistance and multidrug resistance. Nanogel are being used to deliver drugs more effectively in cancer chemotherapy. These novel applications and techniques include: Nanogels for loading siRNA. This is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules consisting of 21–23 nucleotides, involved in inhibition of protein synthesis encoded by the messenger RNAs. Nanogels are used as carrie...
The purpose of this study was to carry out temperature and relative humidity mapping of a samplin... more The purpose of this study was to carry out temperature and relative humidity mapping of a sampling store room for a period of 72 h. The study was aimed to find out if the temperature and relative humidity distribution were uniform and maintained within the acceptance criteria throughout the sampling room. The temperature and relative humidity were maintained and controlled by a HVAC system. The study was carried out using Ebro EBI 20 temperature/humidity data loggers. A total of ten data loggers were used, which were kept at specific locations in the room throughout the study period. Based on the acceptance criteria of the study protocol the temperature was to be maintained between 20°C to 25°C and the relative humidity be not more than 65% RH. Based on the evaluation of data it was observed the minimal temperature was 22.8°C, maximum temperature was 24.6°C, minimum relative humidity was 46.1% RH and maximum relative humidity was 64.4% RH.
Background: Poor quality products, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medication errors (ME) are r... more Background: Poor quality products, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medication errors (ME) are reported to negatively influence health care cost, patients’ treatment outcomes and quality of life. One way which can help in detection and prevention of their occurrence is through spontaneous reporting of these effects/events to the regulatory bodies. Despite the efforts done by regulatory bodies in different countries including Tanzania, the rate of reporting has remained low. This study therefore, assessed the participation of private healthcare facilities in pharmacovigilance (PV) activities in Tanzania Mainland. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in selected regions in Tanzania from December 2017 to June 2018. A total of 169 healthcare facilities and 192 healthcare professionals were involved. Data was collected using questionnaires and standard checklist. Results: Only (17%) of the respondents had good knowledge on PV activities and only (29.7%) of the part...
Every organization should have a written standard operating procedure (SOP) establishing the prov... more Every organization should have a written standard operating procedure (SOP) establishing the provisions for corrective and preventive actions. Instructions for how they should be handled within the organization in case of potential product problems, customer complaints or action to eliminate the cause of a detected Nonconformities or incident. Effective corrective action and preventive action (CAPA) systems are a key component to continuous improvement. This review provides a comprehensive view on steps involved in corrective action and preventive action, mechanism of taking CAPA enabling to improve the system of quality management and Application of CAPA System throughout the Product Lifecyclein pharmaceutical industry, and it is importance to establish change management system after CAPA which provide a high degree of assurance there are no unintended consequences of the change.
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