E l objet i vo d e nuestr o estudi o e s doble : indaga r e n com o lo s interpretes p... more E l objet i vo d e nuestr o estudi o e s doble : indaga r e n com o lo s interpretes procesa n l a informacio n e n tarea s d e comprensio n cuand o escucha n par a traduci r y comproba r l a funcio n d e l a memori a d e trabaj o e n est e proceso . E n nuestr o e xperimento , interprete s profesionale s realiza n tarea s d e reformulacio n monolingu e y tareas d e interpretacio n co n e l f i n d e determina r e l efect o d e lo s componente s linguisticos d e l a lengu a orige n e n l a comprensio n durant e l a realizacio n d e esta s tareas . P ara ell o s e manipul a l a complejida d sintactic a de l materia l ora l usado . A l compara r la tare a d e interpretacio n co n l a tare a d e reformulacio n monolingu e s e comprueba qu e l a comprensio n on-lin e e s ma s lent a baj o condicione s d e escuch a cuand o se orient a haci a u n cambi o d e codig o par a traduci r y a qu e s e increment a l a ca r g a de pro...
Research on reading comprehension in immigrant students is heterogeneous and conflicting. Differe... more Research on reading comprehension in immigrant students is heterogeneous and conflicting. Differences in socioeconomic status and cultural origins are very likely confounds in determining whether differences to native pupils can be attributed to immigrant status. We collected data on 312 Spanish students of Native, of Hispanic origin–therefore with the same family language as native students- and Non-Hispanic origin, while controlling for socioeconomic status, non-verbal reasoning and school membership. We measured reading comprehension, knowledge of syntax, sentence comprehension monitoring, and vocabulary. Differences among groups appeared only in vocabulary and syntax (with poorer performance in the non-Hispanic group), with no differences in reading comprehension. However, regression analyses showed that most of the variability in reading comprehension was predicted by age, socioeconomic status, non-verbal reasoning, and comprehension monitoring. Group membership did not signifi...
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 2019
ObjectiveThe correct production of speech depends on the effective use of inhibitory control. Coc... more ObjectiveThe correct production of speech depends on the effective use of inhibitory control. Cocaine abuse has been linked to impaired inhibition in the verbal and nonverbal domains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible impairment of the inhibitory control process engaged in the production of language among chronic cocaine users, both in rehabilitation and recreational contexts.MethodResearchers obtained an index of semantic interference from a picture–word task performed by chronic cocaine users in rehabilitation (Experiment 1) and recreational cocaine polydrug users (Experiment 2). Cocaine users in both groups were matched for age and intelligence with cocaine‐free health controls. Performance on the picture–word task was analyzed by repeated‐measures analyses of variance.ResultsBoth groups of cocaine users showed significantly more semantic interference than their respective cocaine‐free control group. These results suggest a deficit in the ability to inhibit inter...
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, Jan 12, 2016
The hypothesis that reduced accessibility to relevant information can negatively affect problem s... more The hypothesis that reduced accessibility to relevant information can negatively affect problem solving in a remote associate test (RAT) was tested by using, immediately before the RAT, a retrieval practice procedure to hinder access to target solutions. The results of 2 experiments clearly showed that, relative to baseline, target words that had been competitors during selective retrieval were much less likely to be provided as solutions in the RAT, demonstrating that performance in the problem-solving task was strongly influenced by the predetermined accessibility status of the solutions in memory. Importantly, this was so even when participants were unaware of the relationship between the memory and the problem-solving procedures in the experiments. This finding is consistent with an inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting effects and, more generally, constitutes support for the idea that the activation status of mental representations originating in a given task (e.g....
The present research aims to assess literacy acquisition in children becoming bilingual via secon... more The present research aims to assess literacy acquisition in children becoming bilingual via second language immersion in school. We adopt a cognitive components approach, assessing text-level reading comprehension, a complex literacy skill, as well as underlying cognitive and linguistic components in 144 children aged 7 to 14 (72 immersion bilinguals, 72 controls). Using principal component analysis, a nuanced pattern of results was observed: although emergent bilinguals lag behind their monolingual counterparts on measures of linguistic processing, they showed enhanced performance on a memory and reasoning component. For reading comprehension, no between-group differences were evident, suggesting that selective benefits compensate costs at the level of underlying cognitive components. Overall, the results seem to indicate that literacy skills may be modulated by emerging bilingualism even when no between-group differences are evident at the level of complex skill, and the detection...
Four experiments examined the role of meaning frequency (dominance) and associative strength (mea... more Four experiments examined the role of meaning frequency (dominance) and associative strength (measured by associative norms) in the processing of ambiguous words in isolation. Participants made lexical decisions to targets words that were associates of the more frequent (dominant) or less frequent (subordinate) meaning of a homograph prime. The first two experiments investigated the role of associative strength at long SOAs (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony) (750 ms.), showing that meaning is facilitated by the targets' associative strength and not by their dominance. The last two experiments traced the role associative strength at short SOAs (250 ms), showing that the manipulation of the associative strength has no effect in the semantic priming. The conclusions are: on the one hand, semantic priming for homographs is due to associative strength manipulations at long SOAs. On the other hand, the manipulation of the associative strength has no effect when automatic processes (short SOA...
Las explicaciones ofrecidas al efecto de concreción se pueden clasificar según se centren en la f... more Las explicaciones ofrecidas al efecto de concreción se pueden clasificar según se centren en la facilidad para generar imágenes, en la accesibilidad a la información contextual o en diferencias en la estructura semántica de ambos tipos de palabras. La investigación presentada en ...
... de ordenadores JOSÉ J. CAÑAS, MARÍA T. BAJO, RAQUEL NAVARRO, FRANCISCA PADILLA Y MARÍA DEL CA... more ... de ordenadores JOSÉ J. CAÑAS, MARÍA T. BAJO, RAQUEL NAVARRO, FRANCISCA PADILLA Y MARÍA DEL CARMEN PUERTA Universidad de Granada Resumen ... A esta representación se le llama, en este contexto, modelo mental y es, por su naturaleza, dinámica. ...
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 1994
Two experiments explore the nature of prelexical expectancy processes in the lexical decision tas... more Two experiments explore the nature of prelexical expectancy processes in the lexical decision task. The strength of the prime-target relationship and the size of the associative set defined by the prime were manipulated in both experiments. In Experiment 1, the proportion of strong relative to weak primes induced subjects to include strong and weak candidate words in their expectancy set, whereas in Experiment 2 that proportion attempted to induce subjects to include mainly strongly related words. Results showed that priming depended on whether the primes were included in the set. Thus, in Experiment 1 facilitation was obtained for both strong and weak primes, whereas in Experiment 2 the facilitation of weak primes depended on the size of the associative set defined by the prime. Results are discussed within a theoretical framework that includes prelexical expectancy processes in the lexical decision task.
E l objet i vo d e nuestr o estudi o e s doble : indaga r e n com o lo s interpretes p... more E l objet i vo d e nuestr o estudi o e s doble : indaga r e n com o lo s interpretes procesa n l a informacio n e n tarea s d e comprensio n cuand o escucha n par a traduci r y comproba r l a funcio n d e l a memori a d e trabaj o e n est e proceso . E n nuestr o e xperimento , interprete s profesionale s realiza n tarea s d e reformulacio n monolingu e y tareas d e interpretacio n co n e l f i n d e determina r e l efect o d e lo s componente s linguisticos d e l a lengu a orige n e n l a comprensio n durant e l a realizacio n d e esta s tareas . P ara ell o s e manipul a l a complejida d sintactic a de l materia l ora l usado . A l compara r la tare a d e interpretacio n co n l a tare a d e reformulacio n monolingu e s e comprueba qu e l a comprensio n on-lin e e s ma s lent a baj o condicione s d e escuch a cuand o se orient a haci a u n cambi o d e codig o par a traduci r y a qu e s e increment a l a ca r g a de pro...
Research on reading comprehension in immigrant students is heterogeneous and conflicting. Differe... more Research on reading comprehension in immigrant students is heterogeneous and conflicting. Differences in socioeconomic status and cultural origins are very likely confounds in determining whether differences to native pupils can be attributed to immigrant status. We collected data on 312 Spanish students of Native, of Hispanic origin–therefore with the same family language as native students- and Non-Hispanic origin, while controlling for socioeconomic status, non-verbal reasoning and school membership. We measured reading comprehension, knowledge of syntax, sentence comprehension monitoring, and vocabulary. Differences among groups appeared only in vocabulary and syntax (with poorer performance in the non-Hispanic group), with no differences in reading comprehension. However, regression analyses showed that most of the variability in reading comprehension was predicted by age, socioeconomic status, non-verbal reasoning, and comprehension monitoring. Group membership did not signifi...
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 2019
ObjectiveThe correct production of speech depends on the effective use of inhibitory control. Coc... more ObjectiveThe correct production of speech depends on the effective use of inhibitory control. Cocaine abuse has been linked to impaired inhibition in the verbal and nonverbal domains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible impairment of the inhibitory control process engaged in the production of language among chronic cocaine users, both in rehabilitation and recreational contexts.MethodResearchers obtained an index of semantic interference from a picture–word task performed by chronic cocaine users in rehabilitation (Experiment 1) and recreational cocaine polydrug users (Experiment 2). Cocaine users in both groups were matched for age and intelligence with cocaine‐free health controls. Performance on the picture–word task was analyzed by repeated‐measures analyses of variance.ResultsBoth groups of cocaine users showed significantly more semantic interference than their respective cocaine‐free control group. These results suggest a deficit in the ability to inhibit inter...
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, Jan 12, 2016
The hypothesis that reduced accessibility to relevant information can negatively affect problem s... more The hypothesis that reduced accessibility to relevant information can negatively affect problem solving in a remote associate test (RAT) was tested by using, immediately before the RAT, a retrieval practice procedure to hinder access to target solutions. The results of 2 experiments clearly showed that, relative to baseline, target words that had been competitors during selective retrieval were much less likely to be provided as solutions in the RAT, demonstrating that performance in the problem-solving task was strongly influenced by the predetermined accessibility status of the solutions in memory. Importantly, this was so even when participants were unaware of the relationship between the memory and the problem-solving procedures in the experiments. This finding is consistent with an inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting effects and, more generally, constitutes support for the idea that the activation status of mental representations originating in a given task (e.g....
The present research aims to assess literacy acquisition in children becoming bilingual via secon... more The present research aims to assess literacy acquisition in children becoming bilingual via second language immersion in school. We adopt a cognitive components approach, assessing text-level reading comprehension, a complex literacy skill, as well as underlying cognitive and linguistic components in 144 children aged 7 to 14 (72 immersion bilinguals, 72 controls). Using principal component analysis, a nuanced pattern of results was observed: although emergent bilinguals lag behind their monolingual counterparts on measures of linguistic processing, they showed enhanced performance on a memory and reasoning component. For reading comprehension, no between-group differences were evident, suggesting that selective benefits compensate costs at the level of underlying cognitive components. Overall, the results seem to indicate that literacy skills may be modulated by emerging bilingualism even when no between-group differences are evident at the level of complex skill, and the detection...
Four experiments examined the role of meaning frequency (dominance) and associative strength (mea... more Four experiments examined the role of meaning frequency (dominance) and associative strength (measured by associative norms) in the processing of ambiguous words in isolation. Participants made lexical decisions to targets words that were associates of the more frequent (dominant) or less frequent (subordinate) meaning of a homograph prime. The first two experiments investigated the role of associative strength at long SOAs (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony) (750 ms.), showing that meaning is facilitated by the targets' associative strength and not by their dominance. The last two experiments traced the role associative strength at short SOAs (250 ms), showing that the manipulation of the associative strength has no effect in the semantic priming. The conclusions are: on the one hand, semantic priming for homographs is due to associative strength manipulations at long SOAs. On the other hand, the manipulation of the associative strength has no effect when automatic processes (short SOA...
Las explicaciones ofrecidas al efecto de concreción se pueden clasificar según se centren en la f... more Las explicaciones ofrecidas al efecto de concreción se pueden clasificar según se centren en la facilidad para generar imágenes, en la accesibilidad a la información contextual o en diferencias en la estructura semántica de ambos tipos de palabras. La investigación presentada en ...
... de ordenadores JOSÉ J. CAÑAS, MARÍA T. BAJO, RAQUEL NAVARRO, FRANCISCA PADILLA Y MARÍA DEL CA... more ... de ordenadores JOSÉ J. CAÑAS, MARÍA T. BAJO, RAQUEL NAVARRO, FRANCISCA PADILLA Y MARÍA DEL CARMEN PUERTA Universidad de Granada Resumen ... A esta representación se le llama, en este contexto, modelo mental y es, por su naturaleza, dinámica. ...
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 1994
Two experiments explore the nature of prelexical expectancy processes in the lexical decision tas... more Two experiments explore the nature of prelexical expectancy processes in the lexical decision task. The strength of the prime-target relationship and the size of the associative set defined by the prime were manipulated in both experiments. In Experiment 1, the proportion of strong relative to weak primes induced subjects to include strong and weak candidate words in their expectancy set, whereas in Experiment 2 that proportion attempted to induce subjects to include mainly strongly related words. Results showed that priming depended on whether the primes were included in the set. Thus, in Experiment 1 facilitation was obtained for both strong and weak primes, whereas in Experiment 2 the facilitation of weak primes depended on the size of the associative set defined by the prime. Results are discussed within a theoretical framework that includes prelexical expectancy processes in the lexical decision task.
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