Citizens' political awareness has many implications particularly with reference to political acti... more Citizens' political awareness has many implications particularly with reference to political activism and political apathy. Research tells that people with higher levels of political knowledge creates political sensitivity among the citizens, which in turn increases the chances of political participation and political activism (Prat & David, 2005). Political awareness depends on many factors, particularly the education of the citizens (Ali et al., 2013). The countries with higher levels of voter participation in the political affairs of the country have higher growth rates as compared to the states where public political awareness is low which in turn resulting in low political participation (Khan, 2013; Zubair & Shah, 2015). There are several reasons for the lack of public political awareness however education is the most critical factor (Ibrahim, 2014). Similarly, there is lack of public awareness programs regarding the political education and information of the citizens so that they can play effective role in the political issues of the country (Adeel-Ur-Rehman et al., 2013). As far as the political awareness of women is concerned, it is very pitiful in Pakistan. Even in some areas of the country, local lords do not allow women to vote for their representatives (Sidra, 2015). In urban areas the situation is better than the women in rural areas of the country however, efforts are needed to make our women aware of their political role, rights and duties. Political Participation and Activism refers to the efforts to support or oppose the political system in country for the sake of improving the current conditions and thereby improve the society (Martin, 2007). Research tells about the role of collective actions taken by the members of society to generate practices with a view to challenging the current norms and values running the
In educational institutions, teachers are the most important human resources because they are res... more In educational institutions, teachers are the most important human resources because they are responsible for the educational institution's goals, which include teaching, research, student counselling, and career development. The teaching profession, on the other hand, is linked to burnout and chronic stress at work (Maslach, et al., 1996). Organizational justice is a key concept that has a direct impact on the institutional commitment, empowerment, and turnover intentions of teaching faculty, which is a major concern for almost all employees in an organization (Tsai, 2012). Because it affects their promotion, pay, resources, voice, and treatment, organizational justice has several dimensions about which employees are eager to speak. Greenberg (1987) coined the term "organizational justice" to describe people's perceptions of fair treatment in the workplace.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Study of Food Safety and Hygiene Practices of Household Consumers
Advanced countries spend substantial amounts of money each year on devising ways and means to ens... more Advanced countries spend substantial amounts of money each year on devising ways and means to ensure the provision of pure, safe, and hygienic food to their citizens. For example, the United States allocates billions of Dollars annually to food safety programs implemented by agencies such as the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). These investments aim to mitigate the risks of foodborne illnesses and ensure consumer confidence in food products. On the flip side, developing countries often suffer from inattention from their governments in the provision of safe and hygienic food to their masses. This neglect is primarily due to poor economic conditions, which restrict the ability of these states to invest in comprehensive food safety systems 1. In countries like Pakistan, India and Nigeria, limited governmental resources are stretched thin, often prioritizing immediate economic concerns over long-term health initiatives. This disparity in resource allocation means that food safety often takes a backseat to more pressing economic issues. Moreover, at the consumer level, insufficient awareness and education on food safety contribute to poor and unhygienic food handling practices. For instance, a study conducted in rural areas of Kenya revealed that many households lack basic knowledge about safe food storage and preparation, leading to high incidences of foodborne diseases. This lack of
This study aimed to examine the interrelated dynamism between career development, and employees' ... more This study aimed to examine the interrelated dynamism between career development, and employees' performance with mediating role of organizational loyalty in southern region higher educational institutions KP, Pakistan. The main theme behind the present research was to examine the statistical relationships among the research variables that were preferred among existing realities in the existing literature aimed at chasing the hypothesized relationships by collecting data from teachers from selected institutions. The study was quantitative in nature to examine the potential relationships by applying diverse tools and techniques. The results provide significant clues about hypothesized relationships (association, cause & effect and mediation) that helps in reaching desired conclusion and making decision. Similarly, some recommendations were extracted from the results and conclusions for teachers, institutions and policymakers about the issues under considerations along with some directions to the future researchers for examining the existing research issues from different dimensions by applying diverse methods and procedures.
Information is an entity that has a vital role in building human civilization. The presence of li... more Information is an entity that has a vital role in building human civilization. The presence of libraries as information institutions acts as a bridge for the provision of information and knowledge. The resources and services offered by libraries seek to transfer information and form new ideas to build a creative and innovative information society. Without the existence of libraries, it would be difficult for society members to advance research and human insight, as well as safeguard world heritage to be passed on to future generations. The library functions as a vehicle for education, research, information preservation, and recreation to increase the intelligence and empowerment of the nation. A single library does not possess relevant resources to provide effective services. Library collaboration is a crucial thing that needs to be paid attention to by libraries and other institutions. Also, library cooperation can occur between central libraries and departmental libraries within the same university or between the central libraries of different universities. Sometimes, departmental libraries also collaborate in this regard to facilitate library users.
Leadership styles are diverse modes of behavior exhibited by individuals in leadership roles. The... more Leadership styles are diverse modes of behavior exhibited by individuals in leadership roles. There are different leadership styles, like autocratic, democratic, servant, transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire. Each style has unique attributes and can be effective in different contexts. No single leadership style is universally the best (Odumeru & Ifeanyi, 2013). The effectiveness of a leadership style depends on the organizational context, the specific situation and the individual characteristics of their leaders and followers. Effective leaders often adapt their style to meet the needs of their team and the challenges they face (Dartey-Baaha & Mekporb, 2017). The effectiveness of a leadership style in motivating employees depends on the specific needs and the dynamics of the team, as well the organizational environment (Hasan & Rjoub, 2017). Successful leaders often adopt a flexible approach, adjusting their style to the context and the individuals they are leading. Each leadership style uniquely impacts employee's motivation, influences how well employees achieve organizational goals and objectives. Understanding these impacts can help leaders choose the most appropriate style for their context and goals (Gandolfi & Stone, 2018). Both transactional and transactional leadership styles have distinct impacts on employees' motivation. Transformational leadership is generally more effective in fostering long-term engagement, innovation and job satisfaction, but it requires leaders with strong interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence. Transactional
Voting is indeed a cornerstone of democratic societies, enabling citizens to exercise their right... more Voting is indeed a cornerstone of democratic societies, enabling citizens to exercise their right to choose their representatives and influence government decisions. However, traditional voting systems often encounter several challenges, like low turnout rates resulting in low voter participation in the democratic process which can undermine the legitimacy of elected governments. In such societies, voting can be inconvenient for many citizens, particularly those with disabilities, those living in remote areas, or those with demanding schedules. Delayed Results is another issue when counting votes manually can be time-consuming, leading to delays in announcing results (Zhao & Chan, 2015). Traditional voting methods can be susceptible to fraud and manipulation, leading to questions about the integrity of the results and are labeled as 'Rigged Elections'. High Costs in conducting elections involving costs for polling stations, staff, security, and materials is another issue in traditional voting systems. Similarly, all these challenges often lead to disputes in election results, leading to protests, litigation, and sometimes the formation of weak governments (Wu, 2017).
Pakistan is the fifth largest Republic of the World with estimated population of 250 million peop... more Pakistan is the fifth largest Republic of the World with estimated population of 250 million people. It is known as a less developing country in terms of per capita income, health facilities, literacy rate, and infrastructure development as compared to the advanced countries of the World. Public Health remained an issue throughout the inception of Pakistan 1. Health is multi-dimensional in nature. It includes physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social, economic and environmental health. Human life often stays at the verge of collapse in most parts of the World WHO 2. In this regard, the developed countries often maintain good health of their masses by providing them quality food and better health facilities, however, the developing nations often struggle while coping with the issues of food adulteration, impure/sub-standard food processes, causing human illnesses at large and spending country's resources in the cure of such diseases 3. This study is an attempt to know the perception of people about Food Adulteration and its effects on Human Health, by taking into account the
Citizens' political awareness has many implications particularly with reference to political acti... more Citizens' political awareness has many implications particularly with reference to political activism and political apathy. Research tells that people with higher levels of political knowledge creates political sensitivity among the citizens, which in turn increases the chances of political participation and political activism (Prat & David, 2005). Political awareness depends on many factors, particularly the education of the citizens (Ali et al., 2013). The countries with higher levels of voter participation in the political affairs of the country have higher growth rates as compared to the states where public political awareness is low which in turn resulting in low political participation (Khan, 2013; Zubair & Shah, 2015). There are several reasons for the lack of public political awareness however education is the most critical factor (Ibrahim, 2014). Similarly, there is lack of public awareness programs regarding the political education and information of the citizens so that they can play effective role in the political issues of the country (Adeel-Ur-Rehman et al., 2013). As far as the political awareness of women is concerned, it is very pitiful in Pakistan. Even in some areas of the country, local lords do not allow women to vote for their representatives (Sidra, 2015). In urban areas the situation is better than the women in rural areas of the country however, efforts are needed to make our women aware of their political role, rights and duties. Political Participation and Activism refers to the efforts to support or oppose the political system in country for the sake of improving the current conditions and thereby improve the society (Martin, 2007). Research tells about the role of collective actions taken by the members of society to generate practices with a view to challenging the current norms and values running the
In educational institutions, teachers are the most important human resources because they are res... more In educational institutions, teachers are the most important human resources because they are responsible for the educational institution's goals, which include teaching, research, student counselling, and career development. The teaching profession, on the other hand, is linked to burnout and chronic stress at work (Maslach, et al., 1996). Organizational justice is a key concept that has a direct impact on the institutional commitment, empowerment, and turnover intentions of teaching faculty, which is a major concern for almost all employees in an organization (Tsai, 2012). Because it affects their promotion, pay, resources, voice, and treatment, organizational justice has several dimensions about which employees are eager to speak. Greenberg (1987) coined the term "organizational justice" to describe people's perceptions of fair treatment in the workplace.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Study of Food Safety and Hygiene Practices of Household Consumers
Advanced countries spend substantial amounts of money each year on devising ways and means to ens... more Advanced countries spend substantial amounts of money each year on devising ways and means to ensure the provision of pure, safe, and hygienic food to their citizens. For example, the United States allocates billions of Dollars annually to food safety programs implemented by agencies such as the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). These investments aim to mitigate the risks of foodborne illnesses and ensure consumer confidence in food products. On the flip side, developing countries often suffer from inattention from their governments in the provision of safe and hygienic food to their masses. This neglect is primarily due to poor economic conditions, which restrict the ability of these states to invest in comprehensive food safety systems 1. In countries like Pakistan, India and Nigeria, limited governmental resources are stretched thin, often prioritizing immediate economic concerns over long-term health initiatives. This disparity in resource allocation means that food safety often takes a backseat to more pressing economic issues. Moreover, at the consumer level, insufficient awareness and education on food safety contribute to poor and unhygienic food handling practices. For instance, a study conducted in rural areas of Kenya revealed that many households lack basic knowledge about safe food storage and preparation, leading to high incidences of foodborne diseases. This lack of
This study aimed to examine the interrelated dynamism between career development, and employees' ... more This study aimed to examine the interrelated dynamism between career development, and employees' performance with mediating role of organizational loyalty in southern region higher educational institutions KP, Pakistan. The main theme behind the present research was to examine the statistical relationships among the research variables that were preferred among existing realities in the existing literature aimed at chasing the hypothesized relationships by collecting data from teachers from selected institutions. The study was quantitative in nature to examine the potential relationships by applying diverse tools and techniques. The results provide significant clues about hypothesized relationships (association, cause & effect and mediation) that helps in reaching desired conclusion and making decision. Similarly, some recommendations were extracted from the results and conclusions for teachers, institutions and policymakers about the issues under considerations along with some directions to the future researchers for examining the existing research issues from different dimensions by applying diverse methods and procedures.
Information is an entity that has a vital role in building human civilization. The presence of li... more Information is an entity that has a vital role in building human civilization. The presence of libraries as information institutions acts as a bridge for the provision of information and knowledge. The resources and services offered by libraries seek to transfer information and form new ideas to build a creative and innovative information society. Without the existence of libraries, it would be difficult for society members to advance research and human insight, as well as safeguard world heritage to be passed on to future generations. The library functions as a vehicle for education, research, information preservation, and recreation to increase the intelligence and empowerment of the nation. A single library does not possess relevant resources to provide effective services. Library collaboration is a crucial thing that needs to be paid attention to by libraries and other institutions. Also, library cooperation can occur between central libraries and departmental libraries within the same university or between the central libraries of different universities. Sometimes, departmental libraries also collaborate in this regard to facilitate library users.
Leadership styles are diverse modes of behavior exhibited by individuals in leadership roles. The... more Leadership styles are diverse modes of behavior exhibited by individuals in leadership roles. There are different leadership styles, like autocratic, democratic, servant, transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire. Each style has unique attributes and can be effective in different contexts. No single leadership style is universally the best (Odumeru & Ifeanyi, 2013). The effectiveness of a leadership style depends on the organizational context, the specific situation and the individual characteristics of their leaders and followers. Effective leaders often adapt their style to meet the needs of their team and the challenges they face (Dartey-Baaha & Mekporb, 2017). The effectiveness of a leadership style in motivating employees depends on the specific needs and the dynamics of the team, as well the organizational environment (Hasan & Rjoub, 2017). Successful leaders often adopt a flexible approach, adjusting their style to the context and the individuals they are leading. Each leadership style uniquely impacts employee's motivation, influences how well employees achieve organizational goals and objectives. Understanding these impacts can help leaders choose the most appropriate style for their context and goals (Gandolfi & Stone, 2018). Both transactional and transactional leadership styles have distinct impacts on employees' motivation. Transformational leadership is generally more effective in fostering long-term engagement, innovation and job satisfaction, but it requires leaders with strong interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence. Transactional
Voting is indeed a cornerstone of democratic societies, enabling citizens to exercise their right... more Voting is indeed a cornerstone of democratic societies, enabling citizens to exercise their right to choose their representatives and influence government decisions. However, traditional voting systems often encounter several challenges, like low turnout rates resulting in low voter participation in the democratic process which can undermine the legitimacy of elected governments. In such societies, voting can be inconvenient for many citizens, particularly those with disabilities, those living in remote areas, or those with demanding schedules. Delayed Results is another issue when counting votes manually can be time-consuming, leading to delays in announcing results (Zhao & Chan, 2015). Traditional voting methods can be susceptible to fraud and manipulation, leading to questions about the integrity of the results and are labeled as 'Rigged Elections'. High Costs in conducting elections involving costs for polling stations, staff, security, and materials is another issue in traditional voting systems. Similarly, all these challenges often lead to disputes in election results, leading to protests, litigation, and sometimes the formation of weak governments (Wu, 2017).
Pakistan is the fifth largest Republic of the World with estimated population of 250 million peop... more Pakistan is the fifth largest Republic of the World with estimated population of 250 million people. It is known as a less developing country in terms of per capita income, health facilities, literacy rate, and infrastructure development as compared to the advanced countries of the World. Public Health remained an issue throughout the inception of Pakistan 1. Health is multi-dimensional in nature. It includes physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social, economic and environmental health. Human life often stays at the verge of collapse in most parts of the World WHO 2. In this regard, the developed countries often maintain good health of their masses by providing them quality food and better health facilities, however, the developing nations often struggle while coping with the issues of food adulteration, impure/sub-standard food processes, causing human illnesses at large and spending country's resources in the cure of such diseases 3. This study is an attempt to know the perception of people about Food Adulteration and its effects on Human Health, by taking into account the
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