One of the most common causes of mortality in acute kidney injury is brain dysfunction. Here we i... more One of the most common causes of mortality in acute kidney injury is brain dysfunction. Here we investigated the possible protective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on cognitive impairments induced by bilateral renal ischemia (BRI). Eighty male Wistar rats were allocated into 8 groups: 1, 2) Sham +V (Vehicle), 3, 4) Sham+EPO, 5, 6) BRI+V, 7, 8) BRI+EPO. The groups followed by the reperfusion periods of 24hours (24 h) and 1week (1w). EPO or saline was administrated 30 min before surgery (1000 IU/kg, i.p). The cognitive function was assessed by passive avoidance learning and Morris water maze tests. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression was assessed by western blotting. BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations were significantly increased in BRI+V group 24 h after reperfusion. BRI+V rats had just an increased level of BUN but not Cr 1w after reperfusion. EPO reversed passive avoidance learning impairments observed in BRI+V group 24 h after reperfusion. There were no significant differences in spatial and passive avoidance learning between experimental groups 1w after reperfusion and histological evaluation confirmed the behavioral data. BRI significantly decreased the BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus and EPO increased that 24 h after operation. These observations showed protective effect of EPO against cognitive dysfunctions following BRI 24 h after reperfusion through increase in BDNF protein expression.
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, May 1, 2014
Hepatic cirrhosis (HC) is a common health problem with long-term consequences. Patients suffering... more Hepatic cirrhosis (HC) is a common health problem with long-term consequences. Patients suffering from HC have been shown to have mental and cognitive impairments. Animal models of HC also confirm such impairments. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of pioglitazone on these impairments in a rat model of HC. Male Wistar rats were used for the current study. Bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery was performed and pioglitazone (20mg/kg, i.p., once a day) or saline administration was started two weeks after surgery for the next four weeks. Spatial learning (Morris water maze), passive avoidance (PA) learning (shuttle box), balance (rotarod) and muscle strength were evaluated in BDL and sham rats receiving pioglitazone or saline. BDL rats had an increased level of hepatic enzymes and bilirubin. The increase in hepatic enzymes but not bilirubin by BDL was reversed by pioglitazone. BDL rats showed significant decrease in spatial learning which was reversed by pioglitazone. PA learning was also impaired in BDL rats compared to the other three groups; treatment with pioglitazone reversed these impairments in BDL rats. Balance on the rod was significantly reduced in the BDL and BDL+pioglitazone groups compared to the sham and sham+pioglitazone groups. Muscle strength was not altered in the BDL rats compared to the other two groups. Results of the current study confirm previous findings regarding the deleterious effect of BDL on cognitive function. Pioglitazone showed promising results against cognitive impairments. Unchanged locomotion indicates that differences observed in spatial and PA learning are not due to motor deficits.
Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of kidney failure with high mo... more Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of kidney failure with high mortality, leading to brain dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of Ischemic Postconditioning (IPo) against brain dysfunction induced by Bilateral Renal Ischemia (BRI). Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent BRI, sham, or IPo surgery 24h and 1w after reperfusion. The rats’ explorative behaviors and motor function were evaluated by an open field, rotarod, and wire grip tests. The cognitive function was assessed by passive avoidance learning and Morris water maze tests. Western blotting was performed to evaluate hippocampal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expression. Results: The impairment of balance function induced by BRI was not reversed; however, passive avoidance learning impairment was reversed by postconditioning 24h after reperfusion. IPo increased muscle strength compared to the BRI group; however, explorative behaviors and balance funct...
Cognitive and motor disturbances are serious concerns of the tremors induced by motor disorders. ... more Cognitive and motor disturbances are serious concerns of the tremors induced by motor disorders. Despite the lack of effective clinical treatment, some potential therapeutic agents have been used to alleviate the cognitive symptoms in the animal models of tremor. Recent studies have shown that PPAR-γ agonists have neuroprotective effects. In the current study, the effects of pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on harmaline-induced motor and cognitive impairment were studied. Male Wistar rats were divided into vehicle (normal saline), PIO (20 mg/kg i.p.), harmaline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and PIO + harmaline (PIO injected 2 h before harmaline) groups. Open field, rotarod, wire grip, foot print and Morris water maze tests were used to evaluate the motor and cognitive performance. The results indicated that administration of PIO attenuated harmaline-induced locomotor, anxiety-like behaviors, and spatial learning and memory impairments, but it partially decreased the tremor score. The neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects of PIO demonstrated in the current study can offer the PPAR-γ receptor agonism as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of patients with tremor that manifest mental dysfunction.
<b>Objective:</b> Femoral nerve palsy occurs after trauma, surgical procedures and tu... more <b>Objective:</b> Femoral nerve palsy occurs after trauma, surgical procedures and tumors and leads to loss of quadriceps functions, disability and decreased quality of life. The aim of this report was to describe a successful restoration of knee extension by transferring the anterior branch of the obturator nerve to selective branches of the femoral nerve at the thigh level. <b>Methods:</b> We describe a 27-year-old male who had quadriceps femoris muscle paralysis after surgical evacuation for retroperitoneal hematoma five months ago. Since proximal stump of femoral nerve was not accessible, we transferred anterior branch of obturator nerve to selective branches of femoral nerve for reconstruction of quadriceps femoris muscle. <b>Results:</b> After four months, he regained quadriceps muscle strength M3 and began to walk. He achieved full muscle strength (M5) nine months after surgery and was able to walk up-stairs easily 14 months after surgery and atrophy of the quadriceps was improved. <b>Conclusion:</b> The anterior branch of the obturator nerve is an available donor nerve with an excellent functional recovery for the reconstruction of knee extension when proximal stump of femoral nerve is not reachable or the repair needs a long graft.
Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common causes of death in patients... more Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common causes of death in patients with Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). In addition to the known physical factors influencing the incidence of CVD, some psychologists have pointed to the role of psychological factors such as personality type. Objective: This study aimed to determine the role of type D personality in ACS patients in Iran in 2019. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, 112 participants were included. A total of 56 patients with ACS were compared with 56 matched people without ACS. They were selected by the convenience sampling method. Type D scale 14 (DS14) was used to assess the type D personality. The Chi-squared test, independent t-test, and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the obtained data. Results: The Mean±SD age in the case group was 57.23±8.562 years, and in the Mean±SD age in the control group was 57.25±8.529 years. Also, most participants in both groups were men (71....
ijbms.mums.ac.ir The relationship between the serum levels of ferritin and the radiological brain... more ijbms.mums.ac.ir The relationship between the serum levels of ferritin and the radiological brain injury indices in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Femoral nerve palsy occurs after trauma, surgical procedures and tumors and leads to loss of quad... more Femoral nerve palsy occurs after trauma, surgical procedures and tumors and leads to loss of quadriceps functions, disability and decreased quality of life. The aim of this report was to describe a successful restoration of knee extension by transferring the anterior branch of the obturator nerve to selective branches of the femoral nerve at the thigh level. We describe a 27-year-old male who had quadriceps femoris muscle paralysis after surgical evacuation for retroperitoneal hematoma five months ago. Since proximal stump of femoral nerve was not accessible, we transferred anterior branch of obturator nerve to selective branches of femoral nerve for reconstruction of quadriceps femoris muscle. After four months, he regained quadriceps muscle strength M3 and began to walk. He achieved full muscle strength (M5) nine months after surgery and was able to walk up-stairs easily 14 months after surgery and atrophy of the quadriceps was improved. The anterior branch of the obturator nerve ...
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2020
Background and purpose: Airway management is a fundamental principle in treatment of emergency pa... more Background and purpose: Airway management is a fundamental principle in treatment of emergency patients and reduction of mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of prehospital emergency medicine servises (EMS) in endotracheal intubation and its related factors in mannequin. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was performed in 70 EMS staff in Rasht, Iran 2019. The participants were selected through census sampling. Demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire and a checklist for tracheal intubation performance were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS V21, using Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal–Wallis Test, and ordinal logistic regression. Results: The overall performance of EMS staff in placing endotracheal tube was moderate. There were significant correlations between endotracheal intubation and work experience (P=0.051), and experience and numbers of tracheal intubation in human (P=0.051, P=0.022, and P=0.021, respectively...
Recent studies suggest that the neuromodulation of the cerebellum using transcranial direct curre... more Recent studies suggest that the neuromodulation of the cerebellum using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could represent a new therapeutic strategy for the management of cerebellar disorders. Anodal tDCS of the cerebellum increases the excitability of the cerebellar cortex. We tested the effects of anodal tDCS applied over the cerebellum in ataxic patients. We studied (a) stretch reflexes (SR) in upper limb (SLSR: short-latency stretch reflexes; LLSR: long-latency stretch reflexes), (b) a coordination functional task in upper limbs based on mechanical counters (MCT: mechanical counter test), and (c) computerized posturography. tDCS did not change the amplitude of SLSR, but reduced significantly the amplitudes of LLSR. tDCS did not improve the MCT scores and did not modify posture. We suggest that anodal tDCS of the cerebellum reduces the amplitudes of LLSR by increasing the inhibitory effect exerted by the cerebellar cortex upon cerebellar nuclei. The absence of effect upon upper limb coordination and posture suggests that the cerebello-cerebral networks subserving these functions are less responsive to anodal tDCS of the cerebellum. Anodal tDCS of the cerebellum represents a novel experimental tool to investigate the effects of the cerebellar cortex on the modulation of the amplitudes of LLSR.
One of the most common causes of mortality in acute kidney injury is brain dysfunction. Here we i... more One of the most common causes of mortality in acute kidney injury is brain dysfunction. Here we investigated the possible protective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on cognitive impairments induced by bilateral renal ischemia (BRI). Eighty male Wistar rats were allocated into 8 groups: 1, 2) Sham +V (Vehicle), 3, 4) Sham+EPO, 5, 6) BRI+V, 7, 8) BRI+EPO. The groups followed by the reperfusion periods of 24hours (24 h) and 1week (1w). EPO or saline was administrated 30 min before surgery (1000 IU/kg, i.p). The cognitive function was assessed by passive avoidance learning and Morris water maze tests. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression was assessed by western blotting. BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations were significantly increased in BRI+V group 24 h after reperfusion. BRI+V rats had just an increased level of BUN but not Cr 1w after reperfusion. EPO reversed passive avoidance learning impairments observed in BRI+V group 24 h after reperfusion. There were no significant differences in spatial and passive avoidance learning between experimental groups 1w after reperfusion and histological evaluation confirmed the behavioral data. BRI significantly decreased the BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus and EPO increased that 24 h after operation. These observations showed protective effect of EPO against cognitive dysfunctions following BRI 24 h after reperfusion through increase in BDNF protein expression.
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, May 1, 2014
Hepatic cirrhosis (HC) is a common health problem with long-term consequences. Patients suffering... more Hepatic cirrhosis (HC) is a common health problem with long-term consequences. Patients suffering from HC have been shown to have mental and cognitive impairments. Animal models of HC also confirm such impairments. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of pioglitazone on these impairments in a rat model of HC. Male Wistar rats were used for the current study. Bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery was performed and pioglitazone (20mg/kg, i.p., once a day) or saline administration was started two weeks after surgery for the next four weeks. Spatial learning (Morris water maze), passive avoidance (PA) learning (shuttle box), balance (rotarod) and muscle strength were evaluated in BDL and sham rats receiving pioglitazone or saline. BDL rats had an increased level of hepatic enzymes and bilirubin. The increase in hepatic enzymes but not bilirubin by BDL was reversed by pioglitazone. BDL rats showed significant decrease in spatial learning which was reversed by pioglitazone. PA learning was also impaired in BDL rats compared to the other three groups; treatment with pioglitazone reversed these impairments in BDL rats. Balance on the rod was significantly reduced in the BDL and BDL+pioglitazone groups compared to the sham and sham+pioglitazone groups. Muscle strength was not altered in the BDL rats compared to the other two groups. Results of the current study confirm previous findings regarding the deleterious effect of BDL on cognitive function. Pioglitazone showed promising results against cognitive impairments. Unchanged locomotion indicates that differences observed in spatial and PA learning are not due to motor deficits.
Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of kidney failure with high mo... more Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of kidney failure with high mortality, leading to brain dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of Ischemic Postconditioning (IPo) against brain dysfunction induced by Bilateral Renal Ischemia (BRI). Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent BRI, sham, or IPo surgery 24h and 1w after reperfusion. The rats’ explorative behaviors and motor function were evaluated by an open field, rotarod, and wire grip tests. The cognitive function was assessed by passive avoidance learning and Morris water maze tests. Western blotting was performed to evaluate hippocampal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expression. Results: The impairment of balance function induced by BRI was not reversed; however, passive avoidance learning impairment was reversed by postconditioning 24h after reperfusion. IPo increased muscle strength compared to the BRI group; however, explorative behaviors and balance funct...
Cognitive and motor disturbances are serious concerns of the tremors induced by motor disorders. ... more Cognitive and motor disturbances are serious concerns of the tremors induced by motor disorders. Despite the lack of effective clinical treatment, some potential therapeutic agents have been used to alleviate the cognitive symptoms in the animal models of tremor. Recent studies have shown that PPAR-γ agonists have neuroprotective effects. In the current study, the effects of pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on harmaline-induced motor and cognitive impairment were studied. Male Wistar rats were divided into vehicle (normal saline), PIO (20 mg/kg i.p.), harmaline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and PIO + harmaline (PIO injected 2 h before harmaline) groups. Open field, rotarod, wire grip, foot print and Morris water maze tests were used to evaluate the motor and cognitive performance. The results indicated that administration of PIO attenuated harmaline-induced locomotor, anxiety-like behaviors, and spatial learning and memory impairments, but it partially decreased the tremor score. The neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects of PIO demonstrated in the current study can offer the PPAR-γ receptor agonism as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of patients with tremor that manifest mental dysfunction.
<b>Objective:</b> Femoral nerve palsy occurs after trauma, surgical procedures and tu... more <b>Objective:</b> Femoral nerve palsy occurs after trauma, surgical procedures and tumors and leads to loss of quadriceps functions, disability and decreased quality of life. The aim of this report was to describe a successful restoration of knee extension by transferring the anterior branch of the obturator nerve to selective branches of the femoral nerve at the thigh level. <b>Methods:</b> We describe a 27-year-old male who had quadriceps femoris muscle paralysis after surgical evacuation for retroperitoneal hematoma five months ago. Since proximal stump of femoral nerve was not accessible, we transferred anterior branch of obturator nerve to selective branches of femoral nerve for reconstruction of quadriceps femoris muscle. <b>Results:</b> After four months, he regained quadriceps muscle strength M3 and began to walk. He achieved full muscle strength (M5) nine months after surgery and was able to walk up-stairs easily 14 months after surgery and atrophy of the quadriceps was improved. <b>Conclusion:</b> The anterior branch of the obturator nerve is an available donor nerve with an excellent functional recovery for the reconstruction of knee extension when proximal stump of femoral nerve is not reachable or the repair needs a long graft.
Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common causes of death in patients... more Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common causes of death in patients with Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). In addition to the known physical factors influencing the incidence of CVD, some psychologists have pointed to the role of psychological factors such as personality type. Objective: This study aimed to determine the role of type D personality in ACS patients in Iran in 2019. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, 112 participants were included. A total of 56 patients with ACS were compared with 56 matched people without ACS. They were selected by the convenience sampling method. Type D scale 14 (DS14) was used to assess the type D personality. The Chi-squared test, independent t-test, and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the obtained data. Results: The Mean±SD age in the case group was 57.23±8.562 years, and in the Mean±SD age in the control group was 57.25±8.529 years. Also, most participants in both groups were men (71....
ijbms.mums.ac.ir The relationship between the serum levels of ferritin and the radiological brain... more ijbms.mums.ac.ir The relationship between the serum levels of ferritin and the radiological brain injury indices in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Femoral nerve palsy occurs after trauma, surgical procedures and tumors and leads to loss of quad... more Femoral nerve palsy occurs after trauma, surgical procedures and tumors and leads to loss of quadriceps functions, disability and decreased quality of life. The aim of this report was to describe a successful restoration of knee extension by transferring the anterior branch of the obturator nerve to selective branches of the femoral nerve at the thigh level. We describe a 27-year-old male who had quadriceps femoris muscle paralysis after surgical evacuation for retroperitoneal hematoma five months ago. Since proximal stump of femoral nerve was not accessible, we transferred anterior branch of obturator nerve to selective branches of femoral nerve for reconstruction of quadriceps femoris muscle. After four months, he regained quadriceps muscle strength M3 and began to walk. He achieved full muscle strength (M5) nine months after surgery and was able to walk up-stairs easily 14 months after surgery and atrophy of the quadriceps was improved. The anterior branch of the obturator nerve ...
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2020
Background and purpose: Airway management is a fundamental principle in treatment of emergency pa... more Background and purpose: Airway management is a fundamental principle in treatment of emergency patients and reduction of mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of prehospital emergency medicine servises (EMS) in endotracheal intubation and its related factors in mannequin. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was performed in 70 EMS staff in Rasht, Iran 2019. The participants were selected through census sampling. Demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire and a checklist for tracheal intubation performance were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS V21, using Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal–Wallis Test, and ordinal logistic regression. Results: The overall performance of EMS staff in placing endotracheal tube was moderate. There were significant correlations between endotracheal intubation and work experience (P=0.051), and experience and numbers of tracheal intubation in human (P=0.051, P=0.022, and P=0.021, respectively...
Recent studies suggest that the neuromodulation of the cerebellum using transcranial direct curre... more Recent studies suggest that the neuromodulation of the cerebellum using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could represent a new therapeutic strategy for the management of cerebellar disorders. Anodal tDCS of the cerebellum increases the excitability of the cerebellar cortex. We tested the effects of anodal tDCS applied over the cerebellum in ataxic patients. We studied (a) stretch reflexes (SR) in upper limb (SLSR: short-latency stretch reflexes; LLSR: long-latency stretch reflexes), (b) a coordination functional task in upper limbs based on mechanical counters (MCT: mechanical counter test), and (c) computerized posturography. tDCS did not change the amplitude of SLSR, but reduced significantly the amplitudes of LLSR. tDCS did not improve the MCT scores and did not modify posture. We suggest that anodal tDCS of the cerebellum reduces the amplitudes of LLSR by increasing the inhibitory effect exerted by the cerebellar cortex upon cerebellar nuclei. The absence of effect upon upper limb coordination and posture suggests that the cerebello-cerebral networks subserving these functions are less responsive to anodal tDCS of the cerebellum. Anodal tDCS of the cerebellum represents a novel experimental tool to investigate the effects of the cerebellar cortex on the modulation of the amplitudes of LLSR.
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