As a leading cause of global mortality, cancer frequently cannot be cured due to the development ... more As a leading cause of global mortality, cancer frequently cannot be cured due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, novel drugs are required. Naturally occurring anthraquinones are mostly present in and species and are of interest because of their structural similarity to anthracyclines as well established anticancer drugs. In the present study, we focused on the structural elucidation of phytochemicals from as well as the investigation of cytotoxicity and modes of action of the main anthraquinone aglycons (emodin, Aloe-emodin, physcion, rhein). Resazurin reduction and protease viability marker assays were conducted to test their cytotoxicity. Microarray-based gene expression profiling was performed to identify cellular pathways affected by the compounds, which was validated by qPCR analyses and functional assays. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and necrosis, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of mitochondrial ...
To our knowledge this is the first report on the isolation of a flavonoid glycoside: quercetin 3-... more To our knowledge this is the first report on the isolation of a flavonoid glycoside: quercetin 3-O-αarabinopyranoside (5), two phenylbutanon glycosides: 4-(4'-O-[6''-O-galloyl-β-galactopyranosyl]-3'hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-on (8), 4-(3'-O-β-glucopyranosyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-on (9), one phloroglucinol glycoside: 1-O-β-glucopyranosyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (10) and a steroid glycoside: sitosterol-3-O-(6''-Obutanoyl)-β-galactopyranoside (14) from the Cistus species (Cistaceae). Additional to these compounds three flavonol aglycones: kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), myricetin (3); three flavonoid glycosides; kaempferol 3-O-β(6''-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside (6), myricetin 3-O-βgalactopyranoside (7); one phloroglucinol glycoside: 1-O-β-glucopyranosyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (11); one steroid aglycone: β-sitosterol (12); one steroid glycoside: Sitosterol-3-Oβ-glucopyranoside (13) were isolated from the ae...
In this study, Ginkgo biloba products used for the same purpose, but licensed to varying authorit... more In this study, Ginkgo biloba products used for the same purpose, but licensed to varying authorities were analyzed in point of similarity to each other. A group of these products were licensed from health authorities as herbal medicinal product (HMP), while the other groups of products were licensed as the food supplement (FS). The evaluation of their phytoequivalence was carried out comparing the chromatographic fingerprint profiles. Furthermore, ginkgolides (ginkgolides GA, GB, GC, and GJ) and flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) were quantitatively analyzed by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and HPLC-diode Array detector (HPLC-DAD) assays. All six herbal medicinal products and two food supplements were found to be phytoequivalent to each other, but five of the seven food supplements did not possess similar content as herbal medicinal products, and the quantity of ginkgolides and flavonoid aglycones per tablet/capsule was found to be ...
Senna leaves are one of the oldest medicinal herbs and they are used as laxative. Herbal teas whi... more Senna leaves are one of the oldest medicinal herbs and they are used as laxative. Herbal teas which contain senna leaves are most commonly used to promote weight loss. The quality control of slimming teas which contain Senna leaves and also pharmaceutical preparations including Senna extract enriched by sennoside B was achieved by HPLC fingerprinting method. While the presence of sennoside A and B in laxative drugs was proved, it was seen to be devoid of sennosides in slimming teas. Kaempferol 3-O-�-D-gentiobioside (1), aloe-emodine 8-O-�-D-glucopyranoside (2), rhein 8-O-�- D-glucopyranoside (3), torachrysone 8-O-�-D-glucopyranoside ( 4), isorhamnetine 3-O-�-D-gentiobioside (5) were also isolated from Senna leaves.
From the aerial parts of Galium verum subsp. verum L. were isolated 7 iridoid glycosides, asperul... more From the aerial parts of Galium verum subsp. verum L. were isolated 7 iridoid glycosides, asperulo-side (1), asperulosidic acid (2), deacetyl-asperulosidic acid (3), monotropein (4), 6-O-epi-acetylscandoside (5), daphylloside (6) and deacetyl-daphylloside (7); 2 flavonol ...
In this study, phytochemical composition of <i>Arnebia densiflora</i> (AD) was determ... more In this study, phytochemical composition of <i>Arnebia densiflora</i> (AD) was determined and cytotoxic effects of the <i>n</i>-hexane extract and compounds isolated from this species on various cell lines were investigated. By means of serial chromatographic studies, 6 naphthoquinone derivatives were yielded, which are isovalerylalkannin, <i>α</i>-methyl-<i>n</i>-butyl alkannin, acetylalkannin, <i>β</i>-acetoxy isovalerylalkannin, alkannin and a new compound: 4-hydroxy 4-methyl valeryl alkannin. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using UV, IR, 1D-2D NMR, MS and CD methods. Cytotoxic effects of the extract and isolated alkannins were investigated on L929, HeLa, HEp-2 cells. AD and the isolated compounds demonstrated moderate to strong cytotoxic effects (IC<sub>50</sub> range: 4.92-172.35 µg/ml). The results of DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity studies on HeLa cells exhibited that AD and ...
From the aerial parts of Salvia trichoclada Bentham and S. verticillata L. one new and two known ... more From the aerial parts of Salvia trichoclada Bentham and S. verticillata L. one new and two known phenolic acids, 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl propionic acid (1), 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid (2), and rosmarinic acid (3); two flavonoids, apigenin 4'-methyl ether 7-O-glucuronide (4), and luteolin 7-O-beta glucuronide (5); two lupan type triterpene aglycones, lupeol (6), and 30-hydroxylup-20 (29)-en-3-on (7); an oleanane-type triterpene acid, oleanolic acid (8); and an ursan-type triterpene acid, ursolic acid (9) were isolated. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Different extracts of the plants were examined for their free radical scavenging activities by DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Some of the polar extracts showed high free radical scavenging activity.
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities of different extracts from... more This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities of different extracts from the aerial parts and the roots of Anchusa azurea Miller var. azurea (Boraginaceae), as well as their major constituent, rosmarinic acid. The extracts were water (AWa, RWa) and methanol (AMe, RMe) extracts prepared from the aerial parts and the roots of A. azurea, respectively. The AMe extract was found to exert anti-inflammatory effects; so it was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in distilled water (AMeWa) and then further fractionated with n-hexane (AMeHe) and n-butanol (AMeBu). Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in rats using carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, and antiulcer activity was investigated using indomethacin-induced gastric damage. The methanolic extract from the aerial parts, its n-butanol fraction, and rosmarinic acid, which was isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the AMe extract, showed significant dose-dependent antiinflammatory activ...
Phytochemical studies of the roots and aerial parts of endemic Arnebia purpurea S. Erik & H. Sumb... more Phytochemical studies of the roots and aerial parts of endemic Arnebia purpurea S. Erik & H. Sumbul resulted in the isolation and characterization of four naphthoquinones [isovalerylalkannin (1), α-methyl-n-butanoyl alkannin (2), acetylalkannin (3), and alkannin (4)], a triterpene derivative [3-O-acetyl-oleanolic acid (5)], a steroid [β-sitosterol (6)], three flavonoid glycosides [isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (8), kaempferol 3-O-(5"-acetyl) apiofuranoside 7-O-rhamnopyranoside (9)] and a phenolic acid [rosmarinic acid (10)]. 3-O-Acetyl-oleanolic acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-mrutinoside, and kaempferol 3-O-(5"-acetyl) apiofuranoside 7-O-rhamnopyranoside are reported from an Arnebia species for the first time. Cytotoxic activities on L929 murine fibrosarcoma cell line of the isolated compounds were investigated using MTT assay. Naphthoquinones (1-4) showed intermediate cytotoxic activity in comparison with the standard, doxor...
The effect of aqueous extract from the roots of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae) (D-1), a tradit... more The effect of aqueous extract from the roots of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae) (D-1), a traditional Turkish medicine used as a laxative and cholagogue, on drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P4502E1, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST); and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were studied in male Wistar albino rat liver. A significant increase was observed in cytochrome P4502E1 and GST activities, but not in NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activities. Serum AST and ALT activities were found within the normal laboratory range values. The results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of R. patientia triggers induction of cytochrome P4502E1 in liver and cytosolic GST activity.
The effect of aqueous extract from the roots of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae) (D-1), a tradit... more The effect of aqueous extract from the roots of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae) (D-1), a traditional Turkish medicine used as a laxative and cholagogue, on drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P4502E1, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST); and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were studied in male Wistar albino rat liver. A significant increase was observed in cytochrome P4502E1 and GST activities, but not in NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activities. Serum AST and ALT activities were found within the normal laboratory range values. The results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of R. patientia triggers induction of cytochrome P4502E1 in liver and cytosolic GST activity.
Natural products have been intensively investigated for years in point of isolation of natural co... more Natural products have been intensively investigated for years in point of isolation of natural compounds from natural sources and their biological activity studies. Biological activity studies usually routed based on their usage in folk medicine. The screening of novel bioactivities for plant natural compounds using computational methods have a crucial role to accelerate the progress of drug discovery. In this study the discovery of undiscovered biological activities of anthranoids, well known for their laxative properties, were planned. Casein kinase II subunit α (CK II α), human myosin light chain kinase member 4 (MYLK 4) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were selected from among hundreds of proteins. Five anthranoid skeletons and their derivatives as totally being 18 ligands were simulated to targets by using the docking program SYBYL X 2.0 and AutoDock Vina 4.0. Nine scoring functions for molecular docking were compared and evaluated. As a result, glucofrangulin A showed t...
Cancer is one of the major causes of death globally, which involves uncontrollable growth and spr... more Cancer is one of the major causes of death globally, which involves uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cytotoxic plant extracts may act on various cancer cells. In this study cytotoxicity of five cultivated Asteraceae plant extracts (Echinacea purpurea L., Achillea filipendulina L., Achillea millefolium L., Tanacetum parthenium L., Silybum marianum L.) has been investigated on different cell lines. Metabolomic profiling of the plants was performed using the LC-qTOF-MS system. In vitro MTT assay applied for determine cytotoxic activity of samples on HT29 (Human colon cancer cells) and L929 (mouse fibroblast) cells. Correlation has been examined between cytotoxicity and metabolomic profile to find active seconder metabolites (r ≥ 0.60, r ≤ −0.60). Total 585 seconder metabolites have been detected for five Asteraceae plants. 118 metabolite showed positive correlation with the cell viability on L929 cell lines while 79 metabolites showed negative correlation. 112 metabo...
In this study, phytochemical composition of Arnebia densiflora (AD) was determined and cytotoxic ... more In this study, phytochemical composition of Arnebia densiflora (AD) was determined and cytotoxic effects of the n-hexane extract and compounds isolated from this species on various cell lines were investigated. By means of serial chromatographic studies, 6 naphthoquinone derivatives were yielded, which are isovalerylalkannin, α-methyl-n-butyl alkannin, acetylalkannin, β-acetoxy isovalerylalkannin, alkannin and a new compound: 4-hydroxy 4-methyl valeryl alkannin. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using UV, IR, 1D-2D NMR, MS and CD methods. Cytotoxic effects of the extract and isolated alkannins were investigated on L929, HeLa, HEp-2 cells. AD and the isolated compounds demonstrated moderate to strong cytotoxic effects (IC range: 4.92-172.35 µg/ml). The results of DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity studies on HeLa cells exhibited that AD and the naphthoquinones isolated from it caused cytotoxicity through induction of apoptosis.
As a leading cause of global mortality, cancer frequently cannot be cured due to the development ... more As a leading cause of global mortality, cancer frequently cannot be cured due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, novel drugs are required. Naturally occurring anthraquinones are mostly present in and species and are of interest because of their structural similarity to anthracyclines as well established anticancer drugs. In the present study, we focused on the structural elucidation of phytochemicals from as well as the investigation of cytotoxicity and modes of action of the main anthraquinone aglycons (emodin, Aloe-emodin, physcion, rhein). Resazurin reduction and protease viability marker assays were conducted to test their cytotoxicity. Microarray-based gene expression profiling was performed to identify cellular pathways affected by the compounds, which was validated by qPCR analyses and functional assays. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and necrosis, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of mitochondrial ...
To our knowledge this is the first report on the isolation of a flavonoid glycoside: quercetin 3-... more To our knowledge this is the first report on the isolation of a flavonoid glycoside: quercetin 3-O-αarabinopyranoside (5), two phenylbutanon glycosides: 4-(4'-O-[6''-O-galloyl-β-galactopyranosyl]-3'hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-on (8), 4-(3'-O-β-glucopyranosyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-on (9), one phloroglucinol glycoside: 1-O-β-glucopyranosyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (10) and a steroid glycoside: sitosterol-3-O-(6''-Obutanoyl)-β-galactopyranoside (14) from the Cistus species (Cistaceae). Additional to these compounds three flavonol aglycones: kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), myricetin (3); three flavonoid glycosides; kaempferol 3-O-β(6''-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside (6), myricetin 3-O-βgalactopyranoside (7); one phloroglucinol glycoside: 1-O-β-glucopyranosyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (11); one steroid aglycone: β-sitosterol (12); one steroid glycoside: Sitosterol-3-Oβ-glucopyranoside (13) were isolated from the ae...
In this study, Ginkgo biloba products used for the same purpose, but licensed to varying authorit... more In this study, Ginkgo biloba products used for the same purpose, but licensed to varying authorities were analyzed in point of similarity to each other. A group of these products were licensed from health authorities as herbal medicinal product (HMP), while the other groups of products were licensed as the food supplement (FS). The evaluation of their phytoequivalence was carried out comparing the chromatographic fingerprint profiles. Furthermore, ginkgolides (ginkgolides GA, GB, GC, and GJ) and flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) were quantitatively analyzed by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and HPLC-diode Array detector (HPLC-DAD) assays. All six herbal medicinal products and two food supplements were found to be phytoequivalent to each other, but five of the seven food supplements did not possess similar content as herbal medicinal products, and the quantity of ginkgolides and flavonoid aglycones per tablet/capsule was found to be ...
Senna leaves are one of the oldest medicinal herbs and they are used as laxative. Herbal teas whi... more Senna leaves are one of the oldest medicinal herbs and they are used as laxative. Herbal teas which contain senna leaves are most commonly used to promote weight loss. The quality control of slimming teas which contain Senna leaves and also pharmaceutical preparations including Senna extract enriched by sennoside B was achieved by HPLC fingerprinting method. While the presence of sennoside A and B in laxative drugs was proved, it was seen to be devoid of sennosides in slimming teas. Kaempferol 3-O-�-D-gentiobioside (1), aloe-emodine 8-O-�-D-glucopyranoside (2), rhein 8-O-�- D-glucopyranoside (3), torachrysone 8-O-�-D-glucopyranoside ( 4), isorhamnetine 3-O-�-D-gentiobioside (5) were also isolated from Senna leaves.
From the aerial parts of Galium verum subsp. verum L. were isolated 7 iridoid glycosides, asperul... more From the aerial parts of Galium verum subsp. verum L. were isolated 7 iridoid glycosides, asperulo-side (1), asperulosidic acid (2), deacetyl-asperulosidic acid (3), monotropein (4), 6-O-epi-acetylscandoside (5), daphylloside (6) and deacetyl-daphylloside (7); 2 flavonol ...
In this study, phytochemical composition of <i>Arnebia densiflora</i> (AD) was determ... more In this study, phytochemical composition of <i>Arnebia densiflora</i> (AD) was determined and cytotoxic effects of the <i>n</i>-hexane extract and compounds isolated from this species on various cell lines were investigated. By means of serial chromatographic studies, 6 naphthoquinone derivatives were yielded, which are isovalerylalkannin, <i>α</i>-methyl-<i>n</i>-butyl alkannin, acetylalkannin, <i>β</i>-acetoxy isovalerylalkannin, alkannin and a new compound: 4-hydroxy 4-methyl valeryl alkannin. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using UV, IR, 1D-2D NMR, MS and CD methods. Cytotoxic effects of the extract and isolated alkannins were investigated on L929, HeLa, HEp-2 cells. AD and the isolated compounds demonstrated moderate to strong cytotoxic effects (IC<sub>50</sub> range: 4.92-172.35 µg/ml). The results of DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity studies on HeLa cells exhibited that AD and ...
From the aerial parts of Salvia trichoclada Bentham and S. verticillata L. one new and two known ... more From the aerial parts of Salvia trichoclada Bentham and S. verticillata L. one new and two known phenolic acids, 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl propionic acid (1), 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid (2), and rosmarinic acid (3); two flavonoids, apigenin 4'-methyl ether 7-O-glucuronide (4), and luteolin 7-O-beta glucuronide (5); two lupan type triterpene aglycones, lupeol (6), and 30-hydroxylup-20 (29)-en-3-on (7); an oleanane-type triterpene acid, oleanolic acid (8); and an ursan-type triterpene acid, ursolic acid (9) were isolated. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Different extracts of the plants were examined for their free radical scavenging activities by DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Some of the polar extracts showed high free radical scavenging activity.
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities of different extracts from... more This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities of different extracts from the aerial parts and the roots of Anchusa azurea Miller var. azurea (Boraginaceae), as well as their major constituent, rosmarinic acid. The extracts were water (AWa, RWa) and methanol (AMe, RMe) extracts prepared from the aerial parts and the roots of A. azurea, respectively. The AMe extract was found to exert anti-inflammatory effects; so it was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in distilled water (AMeWa) and then further fractionated with n-hexane (AMeHe) and n-butanol (AMeBu). Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in rats using carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, and antiulcer activity was investigated using indomethacin-induced gastric damage. The methanolic extract from the aerial parts, its n-butanol fraction, and rosmarinic acid, which was isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the AMe extract, showed significant dose-dependent antiinflammatory activ...
Phytochemical studies of the roots and aerial parts of endemic Arnebia purpurea S. Erik & H. Sumb... more Phytochemical studies of the roots and aerial parts of endemic Arnebia purpurea S. Erik & H. Sumbul resulted in the isolation and characterization of four naphthoquinones [isovalerylalkannin (1), α-methyl-n-butanoyl alkannin (2), acetylalkannin (3), and alkannin (4)], a triterpene derivative [3-O-acetyl-oleanolic acid (5)], a steroid [β-sitosterol (6)], three flavonoid glycosides [isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (8), kaempferol 3-O-(5"-acetyl) apiofuranoside 7-O-rhamnopyranoside (9)] and a phenolic acid [rosmarinic acid (10)]. 3-O-Acetyl-oleanolic acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-mrutinoside, and kaempferol 3-O-(5"-acetyl) apiofuranoside 7-O-rhamnopyranoside are reported from an Arnebia species for the first time. Cytotoxic activities on L929 murine fibrosarcoma cell line of the isolated compounds were investigated using MTT assay. Naphthoquinones (1-4) showed intermediate cytotoxic activity in comparison with the standard, doxor...
The effect of aqueous extract from the roots of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae) (D-1), a tradit... more The effect of aqueous extract from the roots of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae) (D-1), a traditional Turkish medicine used as a laxative and cholagogue, on drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P4502E1, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST); and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were studied in male Wistar albino rat liver. A significant increase was observed in cytochrome P4502E1 and GST activities, but not in NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activities. Serum AST and ALT activities were found within the normal laboratory range values. The results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of R. patientia triggers induction of cytochrome P4502E1 in liver and cytosolic GST activity.
The effect of aqueous extract from the roots of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae) (D-1), a tradit... more The effect of aqueous extract from the roots of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae) (D-1), a traditional Turkish medicine used as a laxative and cholagogue, on drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P4502E1, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST); and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were studied in male Wistar albino rat liver. A significant increase was observed in cytochrome P4502E1 and GST activities, but not in NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activities. Serum AST and ALT activities were found within the normal laboratory range values. The results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of R. patientia triggers induction of cytochrome P4502E1 in liver and cytosolic GST activity.
Natural products have been intensively investigated for years in point of isolation of natural co... more Natural products have been intensively investigated for years in point of isolation of natural compounds from natural sources and their biological activity studies. Biological activity studies usually routed based on their usage in folk medicine. The screening of novel bioactivities for plant natural compounds using computational methods have a crucial role to accelerate the progress of drug discovery. In this study the discovery of undiscovered biological activities of anthranoids, well known for their laxative properties, were planned. Casein kinase II subunit α (CK II α), human myosin light chain kinase member 4 (MYLK 4) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were selected from among hundreds of proteins. Five anthranoid skeletons and their derivatives as totally being 18 ligands were simulated to targets by using the docking program SYBYL X 2.0 and AutoDock Vina 4.0. Nine scoring functions for molecular docking were compared and evaluated. As a result, glucofrangulin A showed t...
Cancer is one of the major causes of death globally, which involves uncontrollable growth and spr... more Cancer is one of the major causes of death globally, which involves uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cytotoxic plant extracts may act on various cancer cells. In this study cytotoxicity of five cultivated Asteraceae plant extracts (Echinacea purpurea L., Achillea filipendulina L., Achillea millefolium L., Tanacetum parthenium L., Silybum marianum L.) has been investigated on different cell lines. Metabolomic profiling of the plants was performed using the LC-qTOF-MS system. In vitro MTT assay applied for determine cytotoxic activity of samples on HT29 (Human colon cancer cells) and L929 (mouse fibroblast) cells. Correlation has been examined between cytotoxicity and metabolomic profile to find active seconder metabolites (r ≥ 0.60, r ≤ −0.60). Total 585 seconder metabolites have been detected for five Asteraceae plants. 118 metabolite showed positive correlation with the cell viability on L929 cell lines while 79 metabolites showed negative correlation. 112 metabo...
In this study, phytochemical composition of Arnebia densiflora (AD) was determined and cytotoxic ... more In this study, phytochemical composition of Arnebia densiflora (AD) was determined and cytotoxic effects of the n-hexane extract and compounds isolated from this species on various cell lines were investigated. By means of serial chromatographic studies, 6 naphthoquinone derivatives were yielded, which are isovalerylalkannin, α-methyl-n-butyl alkannin, acetylalkannin, β-acetoxy isovalerylalkannin, alkannin and a new compound: 4-hydroxy 4-methyl valeryl alkannin. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using UV, IR, 1D-2D NMR, MS and CD methods. Cytotoxic effects of the extract and isolated alkannins were investigated on L929, HeLa, HEp-2 cells. AD and the isolated compounds demonstrated moderate to strong cytotoxic effects (IC range: 4.92-172.35 µg/ml). The results of DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity studies on HeLa cells exhibited that AD and the naphthoquinones isolated from it caused cytotoxicity through induction of apoptosis.
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