BackgroundIn treatment of low-back pain (LBP), motor control exercises have shown to be superior ... more BackgroundIn treatment of low-back pain (LBP), motor control exercises have shown to be superior to minimal interventions, but not to any other form of exercise therapy. Knowledge about variability in trunk motor behavior may help to identify patients that may be more likely to benefit from motor control exercises.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to answer the question: Is variability of trunk motor behavior different between people with and without LBP and if so, do people with LBP show more or less variability? Furthermore, we addressed the question whether the results are dependent on characteristics of the patient group, the task performed and the type of variability measure.MethodsThis study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180003). Studies were eligible if they (1) included a LBP group and a control group, (2) included adults with non-specific low back pain of any duration and (3) measured kinematic variability, EMG variability and/or kinetic variability. Risk of Bias was evaluated and a descriptive synthesis was performed.ResultsThirty-nine studies were included, thirty-one of which were included in the descriptive synthesis. In most studies and experimental conditions, variability did not significantly differ between groups. When significant differences were found, less variability in patients with LBP was more frequently reported than more variability, especially in gait-related tasks.ConclusionsGiven the considerable risk of bias of the included studies and the clinical characteristics of the participants with low severity scores for pain, disability and psychological measures, there is insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions.
ABSTRACT The isokinetic strength of ankle inversion-eversion was twice tested, over a period of o... more ABSTRACT The isokinetic strength of ankle inversion-eversion was twice tested, over a period of one week, by the same examiner in apparently healthy 15 women and 15 men at 30 and 120 • /s. Test – retest measurements were examined for 1 and 3 sets of three repetitions. Intraclass correlation coefficients for the highest peak torque out of 1 set of 3 repetitions varied from 0.47–0.82 for men and 0.70–0.94 for women. The ICC for the mean-based PT (the 3 highest PTs out of 3 sets of 3 replicates) ranged 0.74–0.83 for men and 0.80–0.97 for women. Bland-Altman plots have indicated a largely homoscedastic distribution of the test-retest parameters. The standard error of measurement (SEM) varied from 3.6–7.00 Nm for men and 3.3–4.7 Nm for women (highest PT-based) and 2.9–5.7 Nm for men and 1.6–4.0 Nm for women (mean PT-based). Irrespective of either paradigm, there was much dispersion in the ICCs for both genders in other isokinetic parameters such as the time to PT and angle at PT. It is therefore concluded that the only reproducible isokinetic parameter under this test protocol is the peak torque.
To investigate whether double-leg stance could reveal balance deficits in subjects with functiona... more To investigate whether double-leg stance could reveal balance deficits in subjects with functional ankle instability (FAI) and whether such an assessment of static balance would be correlated with measures of dynamic instability, 16 individuals with FAI and 16 healthy controls participated in this study. Static postural control was tested using double-leg stance (either with the eyes open (EO) or closed (EC)) on a dual-plate force platform. Dynamic balance was evaluated using the Multiple Hop Test (MHT) and a weight-shifting task. FAI subjects were significantly less stable in the anteroposterior direction during double-leg stance (as assessed by velocity of centre of pressure, VCP), both for the EO and EC condition. In the mediolateral direction the VCP values were also higher in FAI, but significance was only found for the EC condition (p=.02). FAI subjects made significantly more balance errors compared to healthy controls (p<.001) on both the affected and less affected leg during MHT. There were no significant differences between FAI and healthy subjects during the weight-shifting task. No relationship was found between double-leg stance and MHT measures (all correlations (rs) less than .30). This study suggests that static postural control during double-leg stance is impaired in FAI subjects. Although dynamic balance during MHT is also affected, no significant relationship was found between static and dynamic measurements, which indicate that they are most probably related to different aspects of postural control.
BackgroundIn treatment of low-back pain (LBP), motor control exercises have shown to be superior ... more BackgroundIn treatment of low-back pain (LBP), motor control exercises have shown to be superior to minimal interventions, but not to any other form of exercise therapy. Knowledge about variability in trunk motor behavior may help to identify patients that may be more likely to benefit from motor control exercises.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to answer the question: Is variability of trunk motor behavior different between people with and without LBP and if so, do people with LBP show more or less variability? Furthermore, we addressed the question whether the results are dependent on characteristics of the patient group, the task performed and the type of variability measure.MethodsThis study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180003). Studies were eligible if they (1) included a LBP group and a control group, (2) included adults with non-specific low back pain of any duration and (3) measured kinematic variability, EMG variability and/or kinetic variability. Risk of Bias was evaluated and a descriptive synthesis was performed.ResultsThirty-nine studies were included, thirty-one of which were included in the descriptive synthesis. In most studies and experimental conditions, variability did not significantly differ between groups. When significant differences were found, less variability in patients with LBP was more frequently reported than more variability, especially in gait-related tasks.ConclusionsGiven the considerable risk of bias of the included studies and the clinical characteristics of the participants with low severity scores for pain, disability and psychological measures, there is insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions.
ABSTRACT The isokinetic strength of ankle inversion-eversion was twice tested, over a period of o... more ABSTRACT The isokinetic strength of ankle inversion-eversion was twice tested, over a period of one week, by the same examiner in apparently healthy 15 women and 15 men at 30 and 120 • /s. Test – retest measurements were examined for 1 and 3 sets of three repetitions. Intraclass correlation coefficients for the highest peak torque out of 1 set of 3 repetitions varied from 0.47–0.82 for men and 0.70–0.94 for women. The ICC for the mean-based PT (the 3 highest PTs out of 3 sets of 3 replicates) ranged 0.74–0.83 for men and 0.80–0.97 for women. Bland-Altman plots have indicated a largely homoscedastic distribution of the test-retest parameters. The standard error of measurement (SEM) varied from 3.6–7.00 Nm for men and 3.3–4.7 Nm for women (highest PT-based) and 2.9–5.7 Nm for men and 1.6–4.0 Nm for women (mean PT-based). Irrespective of either paradigm, there was much dispersion in the ICCs for both genders in other isokinetic parameters such as the time to PT and angle at PT. It is therefore concluded that the only reproducible isokinetic parameter under this test protocol is the peak torque.
To investigate whether double-leg stance could reveal balance deficits in subjects with functiona... more To investigate whether double-leg stance could reveal balance deficits in subjects with functional ankle instability (FAI) and whether such an assessment of static balance would be correlated with measures of dynamic instability, 16 individuals with FAI and 16 healthy controls participated in this study. Static postural control was tested using double-leg stance (either with the eyes open (EO) or closed (EC)) on a dual-plate force platform. Dynamic balance was evaluated using the Multiple Hop Test (MHT) and a weight-shifting task. FAI subjects were significantly less stable in the anteroposterior direction during double-leg stance (as assessed by velocity of centre of pressure, VCP), both for the EO and EC condition. In the mediolateral direction the VCP values were also higher in FAI, but significance was only found for the EC condition (p=.02). FAI subjects made significantly more balance errors compared to healthy controls (p<.001) on both the affected and less affected leg during MHT. There were no significant differences between FAI and healthy subjects during the weight-shifting task. No relationship was found between double-leg stance and MHT measures (all correlations (rs) less than .30). This study suggests that static postural control during double-leg stance is impaired in FAI subjects. Although dynamic balance during MHT is also affected, no significant relationship was found between static and dynamic measurements, which indicate that they are most probably related to different aspects of postural control.
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