A cross sectional study was conducted with the aim of identifying and estimating the prevalence o... more A cross sectional study was conducted with the aim of identifying and estimating the prevalence of cattle tick infestation with respect to host related factors in Bedele district, Western Ethiopia. A total of 384 cattle were considered in the study, and both physical examination and microscopical investigation were employed. The study revealed that there was high tick infestation in the study with an overall prevalence of 315 (82%). Four species of ixodidae ticks were identified from the study area. Among the ticks, Amblyomma cohaerens (41.5%) was the most prevalent tick species while Amblyomma variegatum was the least prevalent (6.5%) tick species recorded in the study. All species of ticks had more than one male to female ratio except Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (0.0097:1). There was no statistically significant association between hosts related factors and tick prevalence except for body condition score. Cattle with poor body condition have significantly (p < 0.05) h...
A cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 471 cross and pure borana breed dairy cattle ... more A cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 471 cross and pure borana breed dairy cattle to determine prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis using CMT in selected districts of North Showa and Borana zones of pastoral area from April 2012 to February 2014. The overall mastitis prevalence was 237(50.3%). The cow level prevalence was 9.5% clinical and 40.7% were subclinical cases. Of 1884 quarters examined 10(0.5%) quarters were blind teats and quarters 550(50.2%) were showed mastitis. High score CMT positive milk sample were investigated using standard microbiological techniques. Identification of bacterial isolates revealed that 10 types of bacterial isolates were identified. The isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and CNS 20 (37.7%), Diplococcus spp 2 (3.8%), Corynebacterium pseudotuberclosis 3(5.8%), Corynebacterium bovis 1(1.7%), Micrococcus spp 1(1.9%), Pseudomonas spp 1(1.9%), Bacillus spp 1(1.9%), E. coli 3(5.7%) Proteus spp 1(1.9%). Different risk fac...
The diagnosis of cestode parasites of major economic and medical importance are mainly relies on ... more The diagnosis of cestode parasites of major economic and medical importance are mainly relies on detection of the adult parasite or their metacestodes. However, due to the chronic nature of the disease caused by these parasites and the location of the larval stage in various tissues, accurate and timely detection of the presence of the problem is often difficult. ELISA detection of serum antibodies produced in response to the hydatid cyst fluid protein, protoscolex and oncosphere of E. granulosus infected sheep shows diagnostic sensitivity from 51.4%-62.7% and specificities from 95.8 to 99.5%. Enzyme linked immunotransfer blot (EITB) shows high sensitivity (90-97.5%) and specificity (100%) than ELISA for antibody detection in porcine cysticercosis. Similarly, Nested PCR on mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene shows 100% specificity when it was tested against E. multilocularis and E. granulosus isolates. PCR methods using primers targeting the Mitochondrial (Mit) cox1 gene and a repetitive el...
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of E.... more A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of E. coli O157:H7 isolates and estimate the level of the pathogen. A total of 194 cloacae swab samples were collected randomly in two poultry farms. Standard cultural, biochemical, and serological (latex agglutination) methods were used to isolate E. coli O157:H7. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method. Out of 194 cloacae samples examined, 13.4% (n=26) were found to be positive for E. coli O157:H7. The finding indicated differences in E. coli O157:H7 infection among the different risk factors. Chicken from Adele Poultry Farm showed higher E. coli O157:H7 infection (OR = 3.89) than Haramaya University poultry farm and young birds had more infection (OR = 4.62) than adult birds. Of the total 14 antimicrobials included in the panel of study, the susceptibility results were varied with 96.15% and 0% E. coli O157:H7 isolates expressing resi...
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2016
Introduction: The presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in poultry and poultry products,... more Introduction: The presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in poultry and poultry products, including eggs, is a global public health concern. This study aimed to estimate the levels and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella from chicken eggs and assess consumers’ raw egg consumption and farmers’ handling practices. Methodology: A total of 300 egg samples were collected from Haramaya open market (n = 150) and Haramaya University poultry farm (n = 150) in Ethiopia. Questionnaires were administered to egg sellers and buyers. A sterile cotton swab was used to sample the surface of eggs. The shells were sterilized and the egg content sampled. Isolation was done using the conventional methods for the detection of Salmonella, following the standard guidelines from ISO 6579. Sensitivity to 12 selected antibiotics was tested following the procedure of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: A level of 5.3% was observed among eggs shells from the open mar...
vitro precipitation of ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) protein and its digestion b... more vitro precipitation of ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) protein and its digestion by trypsin (EC 2.421.4) and chymotrypsin (EC 2.421. 1). Journal of the Science ofFood and Agriculture 77, 201-212 NIEZEN, J. H.,WAGHORN, T. S., CHARLESTON, W. A. G. &WAGHORN, G. C. (1995) Growth and gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in lambs grazing lucerne (Medicago sativa) or sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) which contains condensed tannins. Journal ofAgricultural Science, Cambridge 125, 281-289 OH, H. I. & HOFF, J. E. (1986) Effect of condensed grape tannins on the in vitro activity of digestive proteases and activation of their zymogens. Journal of Food Science 51, 577-580 POPPI, D. P., SYKES, A. R. & DYNES, R. A. (1990) The effect of endoparasitism on host nutrition the implications for nutrient manipulation. Proceedings ofNew Zealand Society ofAnimal Production 50, 237-243 RABEL, B., McGREGOR, R. & DOUCH, P. G. C. (1994) Improved bioassay for estimation of inhibitory effects of ovine gastrointestinal mucus and anthelmintics dn nematode larval migration. International Journal for Parasitology 24, 671-676 ROBERTSON, H. A., NIEZEN, J. H., WAGHORN, G. C., CHARLESTON, W. A. G. & JINLONG, M. (1995) The effect of six herbages on liveweight gain, wool growth and faecal egg count of parasited ewe lambs. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society ofAnimal Production 55, 99-201 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM (1985) User's Guide: Statistics. Version 5. North Carolina, USA Institute SYKES, A. R. (1994) Parasitism and production in farms animals. Animal Production 59, 155-172 TERRILL, T. H., WAGHORN, G. C., WOOLLEY, D. J., McNABB, W. C. & BARRY, T. N. (1994) Assay and digestion of "4C-labelled condensed tannin in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. British Journal ofNutrition 72, 467-477 WAGHORN, G. C., JOHN, A., JONES, W. T. & SHELTON, I. D. (1987) Nutritive value of Lotus corniculatus L containing low and medium concentrations of condensed tannins for sheep. Proceedings oftheNew Zealand Society ofAnimal Production 47, 25-30 WAGHORN, G. C., SHELTON, I. D., McNABB, W. C. & McCUTCHEON, S. N. (1994) Effects ofcondensed tannins in Lotuspedunculatus on its nutritive value for sheep. 2. Nitrogen aspects. Journal ofAgricultural Science, Cambridge 123, 109-119 WAGLAND, B. M., JONES, W. O., HRIBAR, L., BENDIXEN, T. & EMERY, D. L. A. (1992) A new simplified assay for larval migration inhibition. International Journalfor Parasitology 22, 1183-1185 WALDRUP, K. & MACKINTOSH, C. G. (1992) Fading elk syndrome research. Proceedings ofa Deer Coursefor Veterinarians. Deer Branch oftheNew Zealand Veterinary Association 9, 170 WANG, B. H., FOO, L. Y. & POLYA, G. M. (1996) Differential inhibition of eukaryote protein kinases by condensed tannins. Phytochemistry 43, 359-365 WILSON, P. R. (1984) A perspective on internal parasite control. Proceedings of a Deer course for Veterinarians. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association 1, 89-99
Salmonellae are ubiquitous, found in animals, humans, and the environment, a condition which faci... more Salmonellae are ubiquitous, found in animals, humans, and the environment, a condition which facilitates transmission and cross contamination. Salmonella enterica serotypes exert huge health and economic impacts due to their virulence or carriage of antibiotic resistance traits. To address this significant issues with regard to public health, availability of adequate information on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella, and establishment of adequate measures to control contamination and infection are needed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the level of Salmonella infection in slaughtered bovines and ovines at Addis Ababa abattoir. Samples were collected randomly and processed for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella spp. From 280 animals examined, 13 (4.64%) (8 bovines and 5 ovines) were positive, with most samples (12/13, 92%) comprising Salmonella Dublin. Very high level of resistance to some antibiotics us...
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and monthly distribution of helminth paras... more This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and monthly distribution of helminth parasites of cattle in Gedebano Gutazer Wolene district, Southern Ethiopia, from November 2008 to May 2009. A total of 406 faecal samples were collected and subjected to qualitative and quantitative coprologic parasitological examination. From the cattle examined an overall prevalence of 39.6 % (n=161) was recorded. The study revealed an overall prevalence of 37.9 % Strongyle, 22.4 % Toxocara species, 16.1% Fasciola species, 13.7 % Trichuris species and 9.9 % Paramphistomum species, Strongyle and Toxocara species were the most prevalent parasites encountered in the study area. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the prevalence of helminthosis between season and different age groups of cattle was noted. The prevalence of helminth parasites during wet season was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the dry season. Out of 61 Strongyle egg type positive cattle, 14 (22.95%) we...
A cross sectional study was conducted to estimating the prevalence and risk factors associated wi... more A cross sectional study was conducted to estimating the prevalence and risk factors associated with sheep major GIT nematodes in and around Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia from November 2016 to April 2017. A total of 384 randomly selected sheep fecal samples were examined using flotation technique. Out of the total sampled sheep, 243 (63.3 %) had a GIT nematode infection. Coprological investigation revealed that sheep in the study area were infected with a variety of helminth nematodes. Strongyle were the most frequently 191 (49.7%) recovered nematode eggs followed by Trichuris species 15 (3.9%), Nematodirus spps 8 (2.1%) and Strongyloides 4 (1%). Strongyle and Trichuris spps commonly encountered as mixed infection followed by Strongyle and Strongyloides. The study revealed that a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between male and female sheep was observed whereas there was not revealed the significant difference (p>0.05) between age and body condition of the anima...
Salmonellosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by organisms of the two speci... more Salmonellosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by organisms of the two species of Salmonella (S.enteric aand S. bongori). The occurrence of Salmonella is a global challenge in the public health and food production sectors. Salmonella organisms are etiological agents of diarrheal and systemic infections in humans and animals, most commonly as secondary contaminants of food originating from animals and the environment, usually as a consequence of subclinical infection in food animals leading to contamination of meat, eggs and milk. Antibiotics resistance may manifest through multiple mechanisms among these intrinsic and extrinsic resistance factors more common and also plasmid mediated resistance, chromosome mediated-resistance and reduced membrane permeability can contribute a lot. Antibiotics are important drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infections in both humans and animals.Unconstrained use of antimicrobial drugs in the face of continuing infectious d...
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016, to estimate the prevalence,... more A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016, to estimate the prevalence, organ distribution, cyst viability and financial losses of bovine hydatidosis in Shashemene municipal abattoir. A total of 405 samples were collected from cattle slaughtered at the abattoir using simple random sampling method. The cattle were examined clinically both at rest and in motion during ante mortem examination. For the post-mortem examination visceral organs were inspected for the presence of hydatid cysts by applying meat inspection procedure. Individual cysts were grossly examined for any evidence of degeneration and calcification. The viability of protoscoleces was assessed by the motility of flame cells. Out of the total examined cattle, 191 (47.2%) were harboring hydatid cyst from one or more of their visceral organs. There was statistically significant association (P <0.05) between age and body condition of the cattle slaughtered with the occurrence of hydatidosis. The...
Gastrointestinal parasites are one of the most common factors that constrain the health and worki... more Gastrointestinal parasites are one of the most common factors that constrain the health and working performance of donkeys. The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify major risk factors associated with donkey’s gastrointestinal nematode infection in and around Alage, South Western Ethiopia. A total of 384 randomly selected donkeys were sampled from 4 peasant associations for coprological examination of gastrointestinal nematode infection. The direct fecal smear, flotation and fecal culture methods were utilized to identify the eggs and larvae of parasites in feces, respectively. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes recorded in donkeys examined was 99.5%. The study showed that the prevalence of Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi and Strongyle were 53.6%, 4.9% and 99.5%, respectively. Significantly (P<0.05) higher prevalence was observed for Oxyuris equi and Parascaris equorum in young donkeys than in both adults and old donkeys. The study sho...
Ticks limit the productivity of livestock through decreased production, reproduction, increased m... more Ticks limit the productivity of livestock through decreased production, reproduction, increased mortality, downgrading and rejection of hides and skin. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of tick infestation in ruminant while experimental study was used to evaluate the in-vitro acaricidal efficacy of methanolic extracts: Calpurnia aurea and Otostegia integrifolia and the phytochemicals present in those extracts at different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/ml) against Amblyomma variegatum. Adult immersion was used for the in-vitro acaricidal efficacy test and plant extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites using standard procedures. Out of the 160 goats, 152 sheep and 121 cattle, 23 (14.4%), 44 (28.9%) and 28 (23.1%) were found to be positive for tick infestation, respectively. The incidence of tick infestation was significantly different (p<0.01) among ruminan...
A cross sectional study was conducted with the aim of identifying and estimating the prevalence o... more A cross sectional study was conducted with the aim of identifying and estimating the prevalence of cattle tick infestation with respect to host related factors in Bedele district, Western Ethiopia. A total of 384 cattle were considered in the study, and both physical examination and microscopical investigation were employed. The study revealed that there was high tick infestation in the study with an overall prevalence of 315 (82%). Four species of ixodidae ticks were identified from the study area. Among the ticks, Amblyomma cohaerens (41.5%) was the most prevalent tick species while Amblyomma variegatum was the least prevalent (6.5%) tick species recorded in the study. All species of ticks had more than one male to female ratio except Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (0.0097:1). There was no statistically significant association between hosts related factors and tick prevalence except for body condition score. Cattle with poor body condition have significantly (p < 0.05) h...
A cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 471 cross and pure borana breed dairy cattle ... more A cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 471 cross and pure borana breed dairy cattle to determine prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis using CMT in selected districts of North Showa and Borana zones of pastoral area from April 2012 to February 2014. The overall mastitis prevalence was 237(50.3%). The cow level prevalence was 9.5% clinical and 40.7% were subclinical cases. Of 1884 quarters examined 10(0.5%) quarters were blind teats and quarters 550(50.2%) were showed mastitis. High score CMT positive milk sample were investigated using standard microbiological techniques. Identification of bacterial isolates revealed that 10 types of bacterial isolates were identified. The isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and CNS 20 (37.7%), Diplococcus spp 2 (3.8%), Corynebacterium pseudotuberclosis 3(5.8%), Corynebacterium bovis 1(1.7%), Micrococcus spp 1(1.9%), Pseudomonas spp 1(1.9%), Bacillus spp 1(1.9%), E. coli 3(5.7%) Proteus spp 1(1.9%). Different risk fac...
The diagnosis of cestode parasites of major economic and medical importance are mainly relies on ... more The diagnosis of cestode parasites of major economic and medical importance are mainly relies on detection of the adult parasite or their metacestodes. However, due to the chronic nature of the disease caused by these parasites and the location of the larval stage in various tissues, accurate and timely detection of the presence of the problem is often difficult. ELISA detection of serum antibodies produced in response to the hydatid cyst fluid protein, protoscolex and oncosphere of E. granulosus infected sheep shows diagnostic sensitivity from 51.4%-62.7% and specificities from 95.8 to 99.5%. Enzyme linked immunotransfer blot (EITB) shows high sensitivity (90-97.5%) and specificity (100%) than ELISA for antibody detection in porcine cysticercosis. Similarly, Nested PCR on mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene shows 100% specificity when it was tested against E. multilocularis and E. granulosus isolates. PCR methods using primers targeting the Mitochondrial (Mit) cox1 gene and a repetitive el...
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of E.... more A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of E. coli O157:H7 isolates and estimate the level of the pathogen. A total of 194 cloacae swab samples were collected randomly in two poultry farms. Standard cultural, biochemical, and serological (latex agglutination) methods were used to isolate E. coli O157:H7. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method. Out of 194 cloacae samples examined, 13.4% (n=26) were found to be positive for E. coli O157:H7. The finding indicated differences in E. coli O157:H7 infection among the different risk factors. Chicken from Adele Poultry Farm showed higher E. coli O157:H7 infection (OR = 3.89) than Haramaya University poultry farm and young birds had more infection (OR = 4.62) than adult birds. Of the total 14 antimicrobials included in the panel of study, the susceptibility results were varied with 96.15% and 0% E. coli O157:H7 isolates expressing resi...
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2016
Introduction: The presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in poultry and poultry products,... more Introduction: The presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in poultry and poultry products, including eggs, is a global public health concern. This study aimed to estimate the levels and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella from chicken eggs and assess consumers’ raw egg consumption and farmers’ handling practices. Methodology: A total of 300 egg samples were collected from Haramaya open market (n = 150) and Haramaya University poultry farm (n = 150) in Ethiopia. Questionnaires were administered to egg sellers and buyers. A sterile cotton swab was used to sample the surface of eggs. The shells were sterilized and the egg content sampled. Isolation was done using the conventional methods for the detection of Salmonella, following the standard guidelines from ISO 6579. Sensitivity to 12 selected antibiotics was tested following the procedure of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: A level of 5.3% was observed among eggs shells from the open mar...
vitro precipitation of ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) protein and its digestion b... more vitro precipitation of ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) protein and its digestion by trypsin (EC 2.421.4) and chymotrypsin (EC 2.421. 1). Journal of the Science ofFood and Agriculture 77, 201-212 NIEZEN, J. H.,WAGHORN, T. S., CHARLESTON, W. A. G. &WAGHORN, G. C. (1995) Growth and gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in lambs grazing lucerne (Medicago sativa) or sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) which contains condensed tannins. Journal ofAgricultural Science, Cambridge 125, 281-289 OH, H. I. & HOFF, J. E. (1986) Effect of condensed grape tannins on the in vitro activity of digestive proteases and activation of their zymogens. Journal of Food Science 51, 577-580 POPPI, D. P., SYKES, A. R. & DYNES, R. A. (1990) The effect of endoparasitism on host nutrition the implications for nutrient manipulation. Proceedings ofNew Zealand Society ofAnimal Production 50, 237-243 RABEL, B., McGREGOR, R. & DOUCH, P. G. C. (1994) Improved bioassay for estimation of inhibitory effects of ovine gastrointestinal mucus and anthelmintics dn nematode larval migration. International Journal for Parasitology 24, 671-676 ROBERTSON, H. A., NIEZEN, J. H., WAGHORN, G. C., CHARLESTON, W. A. G. & JINLONG, M. (1995) The effect of six herbages on liveweight gain, wool growth and faecal egg count of parasited ewe lambs. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society ofAnimal Production 55, 99-201 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM (1985) User's Guide: Statistics. Version 5. North Carolina, USA Institute SYKES, A. R. (1994) Parasitism and production in farms animals. Animal Production 59, 155-172 TERRILL, T. H., WAGHORN, G. C., WOOLLEY, D. J., McNABB, W. C. & BARRY, T. N. (1994) Assay and digestion of "4C-labelled condensed tannin in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. British Journal ofNutrition 72, 467-477 WAGHORN, G. C., JOHN, A., JONES, W. T. & SHELTON, I. D. (1987) Nutritive value of Lotus corniculatus L containing low and medium concentrations of condensed tannins for sheep. Proceedings oftheNew Zealand Society ofAnimal Production 47, 25-30 WAGHORN, G. C., SHELTON, I. D., McNABB, W. C. & McCUTCHEON, S. N. (1994) Effects ofcondensed tannins in Lotuspedunculatus on its nutritive value for sheep. 2. Nitrogen aspects. Journal ofAgricultural Science, Cambridge 123, 109-119 WAGLAND, B. M., JONES, W. O., HRIBAR, L., BENDIXEN, T. & EMERY, D. L. A. (1992) A new simplified assay for larval migration inhibition. International Journalfor Parasitology 22, 1183-1185 WALDRUP, K. & MACKINTOSH, C. G. (1992) Fading elk syndrome research. Proceedings ofa Deer Coursefor Veterinarians. Deer Branch oftheNew Zealand Veterinary Association 9, 170 WANG, B. H., FOO, L. Y. & POLYA, G. M. (1996) Differential inhibition of eukaryote protein kinases by condensed tannins. Phytochemistry 43, 359-365 WILSON, P. R. (1984) A perspective on internal parasite control. Proceedings of a Deer course for Veterinarians. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association 1, 89-99
Salmonellae are ubiquitous, found in animals, humans, and the environment, a condition which faci... more Salmonellae are ubiquitous, found in animals, humans, and the environment, a condition which facilitates transmission and cross contamination. Salmonella enterica serotypes exert huge health and economic impacts due to their virulence or carriage of antibiotic resistance traits. To address this significant issues with regard to public health, availability of adequate information on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella, and establishment of adequate measures to control contamination and infection are needed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the level of Salmonella infection in slaughtered bovines and ovines at Addis Ababa abattoir. Samples were collected randomly and processed for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella spp. From 280 animals examined, 13 (4.64%) (8 bovines and 5 ovines) were positive, with most samples (12/13, 92%) comprising Salmonella Dublin. Very high level of resistance to some antibiotics us...
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and monthly distribution of helminth paras... more This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and monthly distribution of helminth parasites of cattle in Gedebano Gutazer Wolene district, Southern Ethiopia, from November 2008 to May 2009. A total of 406 faecal samples were collected and subjected to qualitative and quantitative coprologic parasitological examination. From the cattle examined an overall prevalence of 39.6 % (n=161) was recorded. The study revealed an overall prevalence of 37.9 % Strongyle, 22.4 % Toxocara species, 16.1% Fasciola species, 13.7 % Trichuris species and 9.9 % Paramphistomum species, Strongyle and Toxocara species were the most prevalent parasites encountered in the study area. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the prevalence of helminthosis between season and different age groups of cattle was noted. The prevalence of helminth parasites during wet season was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the dry season. Out of 61 Strongyle egg type positive cattle, 14 (22.95%) we...
A cross sectional study was conducted to estimating the prevalence and risk factors associated wi... more A cross sectional study was conducted to estimating the prevalence and risk factors associated with sheep major GIT nematodes in and around Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia from November 2016 to April 2017. A total of 384 randomly selected sheep fecal samples were examined using flotation technique. Out of the total sampled sheep, 243 (63.3 %) had a GIT nematode infection. Coprological investigation revealed that sheep in the study area were infected with a variety of helminth nematodes. Strongyle were the most frequently 191 (49.7%) recovered nematode eggs followed by Trichuris species 15 (3.9%), Nematodirus spps 8 (2.1%) and Strongyloides 4 (1%). Strongyle and Trichuris spps commonly encountered as mixed infection followed by Strongyle and Strongyloides. The study revealed that a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between male and female sheep was observed whereas there was not revealed the significant difference (p>0.05) between age and body condition of the anima...
Salmonellosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by organisms of the two speci... more Salmonellosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by organisms of the two species of Salmonella (S.enteric aand S. bongori). The occurrence of Salmonella is a global challenge in the public health and food production sectors. Salmonella organisms are etiological agents of diarrheal and systemic infections in humans and animals, most commonly as secondary contaminants of food originating from animals and the environment, usually as a consequence of subclinical infection in food animals leading to contamination of meat, eggs and milk. Antibiotics resistance may manifest through multiple mechanisms among these intrinsic and extrinsic resistance factors more common and also plasmid mediated resistance, chromosome mediated-resistance and reduced membrane permeability can contribute a lot. Antibiotics are important drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infections in both humans and animals.Unconstrained use of antimicrobial drugs in the face of continuing infectious d...
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016, to estimate the prevalence,... more A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016, to estimate the prevalence, organ distribution, cyst viability and financial losses of bovine hydatidosis in Shashemene municipal abattoir. A total of 405 samples were collected from cattle slaughtered at the abattoir using simple random sampling method. The cattle were examined clinically both at rest and in motion during ante mortem examination. For the post-mortem examination visceral organs were inspected for the presence of hydatid cysts by applying meat inspection procedure. Individual cysts were grossly examined for any evidence of degeneration and calcification. The viability of protoscoleces was assessed by the motility of flame cells. Out of the total examined cattle, 191 (47.2%) were harboring hydatid cyst from one or more of their visceral organs. There was statistically significant association (P <0.05) between age and body condition of the cattle slaughtered with the occurrence of hydatidosis. The...
Gastrointestinal parasites are one of the most common factors that constrain the health and worki... more Gastrointestinal parasites are one of the most common factors that constrain the health and working performance of donkeys. The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify major risk factors associated with donkey’s gastrointestinal nematode infection in and around Alage, South Western Ethiopia. A total of 384 randomly selected donkeys were sampled from 4 peasant associations for coprological examination of gastrointestinal nematode infection. The direct fecal smear, flotation and fecal culture methods were utilized to identify the eggs and larvae of parasites in feces, respectively. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes recorded in donkeys examined was 99.5%. The study showed that the prevalence of Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi and Strongyle were 53.6%, 4.9% and 99.5%, respectively. Significantly (P<0.05) higher prevalence was observed for Oxyuris equi and Parascaris equorum in young donkeys than in both adults and old donkeys. The study sho...
Ticks limit the productivity of livestock through decreased production, reproduction, increased m... more Ticks limit the productivity of livestock through decreased production, reproduction, increased mortality, downgrading and rejection of hides and skin. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of tick infestation in ruminant while experimental study was used to evaluate the in-vitro acaricidal efficacy of methanolic extracts: Calpurnia aurea and Otostegia integrifolia and the phytochemicals present in those extracts at different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/ml) against Amblyomma variegatum. Adult immersion was used for the in-vitro acaricidal efficacy test and plant extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites using standard procedures. Out of the 160 goats, 152 sheep and 121 cattle, 23 (14.4%), 44 (28.9%) and 28 (23.1%) were found to be positive for tick infestation, respectively. The incidence of tick infestation was significantly different (p<0.01) among ruminan...
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