Language works as a gateway to express one's entire feelings or emotions. By using the dynami... more Language works as a gateway to express one's entire feelings or emotions. By using the dynamic force of the language, everyone reflects the culture of the community to which they belong. That means there lies a close connection between language and the culture of a community. Generally, each language represents a definite culture and a community. Likewise, the language of Bangladesh represents the cultural standard of the communities that belong to it. Thus, to show the immense influence of language on culture and the community, the researchers have selected a specific region of Bangladesh from the perspective of cultural and linguistic diversity. In this study, the researchers have used a descriptive research design and mixed methods following both quantitative and qualitative approaches to inquire appropriately. They have also used questionnaires to explore the dynamic force of language in both the culture and the community. The result of the present inquiry opines that langua...
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation
In order to support students in integrating information from the four disciplines, STEM education... more In order to support students in integrating information from the four disciplines, STEM education places a strong emphasis on using real-world contexts. The STEM Framework is a comprehensive STEM educational framework built around challenges that are protracted, persistent, and difficult. The knowledge and abilities needed to tackle those challenges must come from at least one dominant field, with the other disciplines contributing the techniques, procedures, or resources to aid in the process. This method can be used by teachers to create STEM lessons by identifying a central issue whose resolution calls for expertise from two or more STEM fields. The term “STEM education” is not new in the area, but due to pedagogical and curriculum issues, it is still not being taught in the classroom properly. In order to enable teachers to innovate and take charge of STEM education in their classroom, it is crucial to provide them with programs that assist them in applying and implementing STEM...
Proceedings of the Twenty-Third International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing
Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 2021
The commercial sex trade with babu culture is a ubiquitous business that itself stands in an emba... more The commercial sex trade with babu culture is a ubiquitous business that itself stands in an embarrassing platform, especially in a predominantly Islamic country like Bangladesh. This study aims to excavate the concept of commercial sex workers and unbreakable babus, the reasons for entering sex establishment, and also the perceptions about themselves for understanding and developing a meaningful relationship. The qualitative method was predominance for its nature and subject matter where in-depth interviews were carried out at Kandapara sex establishment in Tangail, Bangladesh. This study found that socio-demographic and economic factors badly influence them to attach to sex establishment. For commercial sex workers, both voluntary and involuntary factors are responsible to enter the sex establishment, alternatively, only voluntary factors are responsible for babus. This study also found that there are multi-dimensional and diverse perceptions among commercial sex workers and unbre...
We compared treatment plan quality based on target coverage and normal brain tissue sparing for t... more We compared treatment plan quality based on target coverage and normal brain tissue sparing for two intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery systems: TrueBeam STx using VMAT and Gamma Knife (GK). Ten patients with 24 tumors (seven with 1-2 and three with 4-6 ranging from 0.1 to 20.2 cc), previously treated with GK Model 4C (prescription doses ranging from 14-23 Gy), were re-planned for VMAT using Eclipse treatment planning system. Various photon beam energies and MLC leaf widths with and without jaw tracking were studied to achieve optimal plans. Plan qualities were assessed by target coverages using Paddick Conformity Index (PCI), normal-brain-tissue integral dose (Gy-cc) and sparing. In all cases critical structure dose criteria were met. The average PCI was 0.76±0.21 for VMAT and 0.46±0.20 for GK plans (p≤0.001), respectively. On average 81% reduction of 12 Gy normal-brain-tissue volumes was achieved by VMAT. The average integral dose ratio of GK to VMAT plans was 1.50±0.61 (p=0.00...
ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate setup accuracy and quantify individual systematic and random errors... more ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate setup accuracy and quantify individual systematic and random errors for the various hardware and software components of the frameless 6D-BrainLAB ExacTrac system.
Technology in cancer research & treatment, Dec 22, 2015
Recent studies have reported about the application of volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy in th... more Recent studies have reported about the application of volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy in the treatment of multiple brain metastases. One of the key concerns for these radiosurgical treatments lies in the integral dose within the normal brain tissue, as it has been shown to increase with increasing number of brain tumors treated. In this study, we investigate the potential to improve normal brain tissue sparing specific to volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy by increasing the number of isocenters and arc beams. Adopting a multi-institutional benchmark study protocol of planning multiple brain metastases via a radiosurgical apparatus, a flattening filter-free TrueBeam RapidArc delivery system (Varian Oncology, Palo Alto, California) was used for a volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy treatment planning study, where treatment plans for target combinations of N = 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 targets were developed with increasing numbers of isocenters and arc beams. The treatment plans f...
Interference is expected to occur when electrons are ejected coherently within a multi-center mol... more Interference is expected to occur when electrons are ejected coherently within a multi-center molecular field. In the present work we focused on ionization from an H2 target, a molecule composed of two indistinguishable atoms, by 3 MeV H^+ impact. A parallel-plate electron spectrometer was used to measure cross sections for electron emission from ˜ 3-250 eV at observation angles 30^o,
Cravens explained the presence of well resolved x-ray lines from comets as being due to the trans... more Cravens explained the presence of well resolved x-ray lines from comets as being due to the transfer of electrons from cometary gases (CO, H2O, etc.) to create excited states of highly-charged C and O ions from the solar wind (1). However, these x rays, with energies in the 250 to 700 eV range, represent only a small fraction of the x rays observed compared with those found in the 50 - 250 eV range (2). Spectra obtained, using solar wind-type ions such as Ne^7+,8+, S^9+ and Fe^11+ from the JPL ECR ion source, suggest that soft x-ray lines from charge-transfer processes terminating on the n=2, and n=3 levels of solar wind ions may contribute significantly to cometary x-ray spectra in this range. 1. T.E. Cravens, Science 297, 1042 (2002). 2. K. Dennerl, J. Englhauser, Joachim Trumper, Science 277,1625 (1997).
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2003
Interference effects are expected to occur when electrons are emitted coherently within a multi-c... more Interference effects are expected to occur when electrons are emitted coherently within a multi-center molecular field. This phenomenon is analogous to Young’s two-slit experiment. The present work focuses on ionization of H2, a molecule composed of two indistinguishable centers, by 3 and 5 MeV H+ impact. A parallel-plate electron spectrometer was used to investigate electron emission in the range ∼3–250
Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been tested for prostate cancer radiot... more Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been tested for prostate cancer radiotherapy. This study aims to investigate the dosimetric effects of intrafraction prostate motion on the target and the normal structures for SBRT. For prostate cancer patients treated with an image‐tracking CyberKnife system, the intrafraction prostate movements were recorded during treatment time. Based on the recorded intrafraction prostate movements, treatment plans were created for these cases using intensity modulated beams while scaling the average time patterns from the CyberKnife treatment to simulate hypofractionated intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) delivery. The effect of delivery time on the intrafraction organ motion was investigated. For a nominal single fraction delivery of with IMRT, we found that the dosimetric effect of the intrafraction prostate movement is case dependent. For most cases, the dose volume histograms exhibited very small changes from the treatment pl...
Language works as a gateway to express one's entire feelings or emotions. By using the dynami... more Language works as a gateway to express one's entire feelings or emotions. By using the dynamic force of the language, everyone reflects the culture of the community to which they belong. That means there lies a close connection between language and the culture of a community. Generally, each language represents a definite culture and a community. Likewise, the language of Bangladesh represents the cultural standard of the communities that belong to it. Thus, to show the immense influence of language on culture and the community, the researchers have selected a specific region of Bangladesh from the perspective of cultural and linguistic diversity. In this study, the researchers have used a descriptive research design and mixed methods following both quantitative and qualitative approaches to inquire appropriately. They have also used questionnaires to explore the dynamic force of language in both the culture and the community. The result of the present inquiry opines that langua...
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation
In order to support students in integrating information from the four disciplines, STEM education... more In order to support students in integrating information from the four disciplines, STEM education places a strong emphasis on using real-world contexts. The STEM Framework is a comprehensive STEM educational framework built around challenges that are protracted, persistent, and difficult. The knowledge and abilities needed to tackle those challenges must come from at least one dominant field, with the other disciplines contributing the techniques, procedures, or resources to aid in the process. This method can be used by teachers to create STEM lessons by identifying a central issue whose resolution calls for expertise from two or more STEM fields. The term “STEM education” is not new in the area, but due to pedagogical and curriculum issues, it is still not being taught in the classroom properly. In order to enable teachers to innovate and take charge of STEM education in their classroom, it is crucial to provide them with programs that assist them in applying and implementing STEM...
Proceedings of the Twenty-Third International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing
Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 2021
The commercial sex trade with babu culture is a ubiquitous business that itself stands in an emba... more The commercial sex trade with babu culture is a ubiquitous business that itself stands in an embarrassing platform, especially in a predominantly Islamic country like Bangladesh. This study aims to excavate the concept of commercial sex workers and unbreakable babus, the reasons for entering sex establishment, and also the perceptions about themselves for understanding and developing a meaningful relationship. The qualitative method was predominance for its nature and subject matter where in-depth interviews were carried out at Kandapara sex establishment in Tangail, Bangladesh. This study found that socio-demographic and economic factors badly influence them to attach to sex establishment. For commercial sex workers, both voluntary and involuntary factors are responsible to enter the sex establishment, alternatively, only voluntary factors are responsible for babus. This study also found that there are multi-dimensional and diverse perceptions among commercial sex workers and unbre...
We compared treatment plan quality based on target coverage and normal brain tissue sparing for t... more We compared treatment plan quality based on target coverage and normal brain tissue sparing for two intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery systems: TrueBeam STx using VMAT and Gamma Knife (GK). Ten patients with 24 tumors (seven with 1-2 and three with 4-6 ranging from 0.1 to 20.2 cc), previously treated with GK Model 4C (prescription doses ranging from 14-23 Gy), were re-planned for VMAT using Eclipse treatment planning system. Various photon beam energies and MLC leaf widths with and without jaw tracking were studied to achieve optimal plans. Plan qualities were assessed by target coverages using Paddick Conformity Index (PCI), normal-brain-tissue integral dose (Gy-cc) and sparing. In all cases critical structure dose criteria were met. The average PCI was 0.76±0.21 for VMAT and 0.46±0.20 for GK plans (p≤0.001), respectively. On average 81% reduction of 12 Gy normal-brain-tissue volumes was achieved by VMAT. The average integral dose ratio of GK to VMAT plans was 1.50±0.61 (p=0.00...
ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate setup accuracy and quantify individual systematic and random errors... more ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate setup accuracy and quantify individual systematic and random errors for the various hardware and software components of the frameless 6D-BrainLAB ExacTrac system.
Technology in cancer research & treatment, Dec 22, 2015
Recent studies have reported about the application of volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy in th... more Recent studies have reported about the application of volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy in the treatment of multiple brain metastases. One of the key concerns for these radiosurgical treatments lies in the integral dose within the normal brain tissue, as it has been shown to increase with increasing number of brain tumors treated. In this study, we investigate the potential to improve normal brain tissue sparing specific to volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy by increasing the number of isocenters and arc beams. Adopting a multi-institutional benchmark study protocol of planning multiple brain metastases via a radiosurgical apparatus, a flattening filter-free TrueBeam RapidArc delivery system (Varian Oncology, Palo Alto, California) was used for a volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy treatment planning study, where treatment plans for target combinations of N = 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 targets were developed with increasing numbers of isocenters and arc beams. The treatment plans f...
Interference is expected to occur when electrons are ejected coherently within a multi-center mol... more Interference is expected to occur when electrons are ejected coherently within a multi-center molecular field. In the present work we focused on ionization from an H2 target, a molecule composed of two indistinguishable atoms, by 3 MeV H^+ impact. A parallel-plate electron spectrometer was used to measure cross sections for electron emission from ˜ 3-250 eV at observation angles 30^o,
Cravens explained the presence of well resolved x-ray lines from comets as being due to the trans... more Cravens explained the presence of well resolved x-ray lines from comets as being due to the transfer of electrons from cometary gases (CO, H2O, etc.) to create excited states of highly-charged C and O ions from the solar wind (1). However, these x rays, with energies in the 250 to 700 eV range, represent only a small fraction of the x rays observed compared with those found in the 50 - 250 eV range (2). Spectra obtained, using solar wind-type ions such as Ne^7+,8+, S^9+ and Fe^11+ from the JPL ECR ion source, suggest that soft x-ray lines from charge-transfer processes terminating on the n=2, and n=3 levels of solar wind ions may contribute significantly to cometary x-ray spectra in this range. 1. T.E. Cravens, Science 297, 1042 (2002). 2. K. Dennerl, J. Englhauser, Joachim Trumper, Science 277,1625 (1997).
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2003
Interference effects are expected to occur when electrons are emitted coherently within a multi-c... more Interference effects are expected to occur when electrons are emitted coherently within a multi-center molecular field. This phenomenon is analogous to Young’s two-slit experiment. The present work focuses on ionization of H2, a molecule composed of two indistinguishable centers, by 3 and 5 MeV H+ impact. A parallel-plate electron spectrometer was used to investigate electron emission in the range ∼3–250
Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been tested for prostate cancer radiot... more Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been tested for prostate cancer radiotherapy. This study aims to investigate the dosimetric effects of intrafraction prostate motion on the target and the normal structures for SBRT. For prostate cancer patients treated with an image‐tracking CyberKnife system, the intrafraction prostate movements were recorded during treatment time. Based on the recorded intrafraction prostate movements, treatment plans were created for these cases using intensity modulated beams while scaling the average time patterns from the CyberKnife treatment to simulate hypofractionated intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) delivery. The effect of delivery time on the intrafraction organ motion was investigated. For a nominal single fraction delivery of with IMRT, we found that the dosimetric effect of the intrafraction prostate movement is case dependent. For most cases, the dose volume histograms exhibited very small changes from the treatment pl...
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