The aim of this text is to grasp the requirement of observance and coverage of the adverse events... more The aim of this text is to grasp the requirement of observance and coverage of the adverse events (AEs) related to vaccination throughout the post-marketing surveillance studies (PMS) and analysis of the protection, efficaciousness and adverse events of vaccination data from PMS studies. The data obtained through numerous specialists with moral pointers of medicine vaccination by knowing the severity of AEs. Literature review and survey form were key aspects for the achieving the objectives. The approval for the survey form obtained from ICRI (India). The analysis work would be helpful for the scholars UN agency area unit wanting to recognize the particular state of affairs of vaccination associated adverse events and additionally knowledgeable to induce some necessary facts regarding AEs observance in children's once vaccination. For the health professionals it'd create them tuned in to their role and responsibilities in surveillance system. Parents of such subjects were also informing the way to beware of their children's vaccination schedules and management of delicate adverse drug reaction and events. Aim and Objecive: The aim of the research is to identify the importance of monitoring and reporting of AEs associated with vaccination during the PMS studies and evaluation of the safety, efficacy and adverse events of vaccination by comparing data from PMS studies obtained through various paediatricians with ethical guidelines on paediatric in different countries across the worldwide. Methodology: Research work has been conducted after an extensive review of literature. With help of questionnaire, a survey among various paediatricians has been conducted. Then data collection on the basis of obtained by these paediatricians has been done. Analysis and compiling of obtained data is done. Results obtained with the help of statistical methods. Results: Obtained results from the questionnaires survey demonstrate that 70% of paediatricians reported vaccines available for paediatrics are essential, while remaining 30% are not in the favour of all vaccines use and only recommend vaccines according to their experience and NIS (National Immunization Schedule). 60% of paediatricians reported AEs associated with vaccination are mild, 32% reported these AEs moderate, and 8% reported these AEs are severe. Hospitalization is not recommended by any of above paediatricians. 76% of paediatricians prefer treatment for AEs at home only, while 66% are not aware of the any AEs monitoring and reporting system. Conclusion: Awareness of the AEs monitoring, reporting and management is necessary among the health professionals and parents. Awareness campaign should be conducted to report and management of AEs associated with vaccination in paediatrics. The passive system needs to be getting active so the short comings of passive system will overcome. Common case definitions and guidelines are required globally so uniformity in reporting the ADRs and AEs will be achieved.
Research journal of pharmacy and technology, Jun 26, 2023
Silver and its compounds have been used for thousands of years as antibacterial and medicinal age... more Silver and its compounds have been used for thousands of years as antibacterial and medicinal agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) subsequently received much attention due to their unusual physical, chemical, and biological properties, which are mainly caused by AgNP size, structure, composition, luster, and structure compared to their bulk species. When free radicals interact with bacteria, they can cause damage to the cell membrane, enabling it to penetrate and eventually lead to cell death. Compared to other salts, silver nanoparticles have excellent antibacterial activity due to their large surface area, allowing for high interaction with bacteria. There are many techniques for producing silver nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological processes.Physical and chemical processes for making silver nanoparticles are expensive and complicated, whereas biological approaches are easier and safer to implement. In the biological and environmental areas, metal nanoparticles with controlled particle size and surface chemistry have a broad spectrum of applications. Nanomaterials must becharacterized in addition to the manufacturing procedures to explore differences in activity based on morphological distinctions. AgNPs are widely used as antibacterial agents in the field of health, food storage, textiles, and various environmental applications.So, in this systematic review, we examined silver nanoparticle preparation methods, characterization, applications, and fundamental concepts of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Mar 4, 2022
Cannabis sativa Linn. (Cannabinaceae family) is traditional plant well known for its analgesic pr... more Cannabis sativa Linn. (Cannabinaceae family) is traditional plant well known for its analgesic property. Cannabis is an indigenous plant of Himachal Pradesh. The aim of the present study is to check the phytochemicals present in leaf, stem and roots of wildly grown cannabis plant in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The study also includes morphological and microscopical studies of leaf, stem and roots of wildly grown cannabis plant. The preliminary phytochemical screening of cannabis shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids and steroids.
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic inflammatory skin condition with increasing glob... more Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic inflammatory skin condition with increasing global prevalence, almost affecting 15% to 30% of children and 5% of adults. AD results due to a complex interaction between the impaired skin barrier function, allergens, and immunological cells. Topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors in the form of creams or ointments are the mainstay of therapy, but they have low skin penetration and skin barrier repair efficiency. Objective: The above limitations of conventional dosage forms have motivated the development of nanoformulations of drugs for improved penetration and deposition in the skin for better management of AD. Methods: Databases, such as Pubmed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, were reviewed for the investigations or reviews published related to the title. Results: The present review discusses the advantages of nanoformulations for the management of AD. Further, it also discusses the various types of topically investigated nanoformulations, i.e., polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, cubosomes, and nanoemulsion for the management of atopic dermatitis. In addition, it also discusses advancements in nanoformulations, such as nanofibres, nanosponges, micelles, and nanoformulations embedded textiles development for the management of AD. Conclusion: The nanoformulations of drugs can be a better alternative for the topical management of AD with enhanced skin penetration and deposition of drugs with reduced systemic side effects and better patient compliance.
International research journal of pharmacy, Oct 1, 2022
Fusidic acid (FA), derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum, is an antimicrobial agent that inh... more Fusidic acid (FA), derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum, is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by preventing EF-G translocation. This review will provide information regarding the properties of FA, as well as studies on its clinical efficacy in skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). FA has been used for treatment of infection caused by gram- positive microorganism. FA cream or ointment are clinically effective and shown minimum adverse reaction when used in SSTIs two or three times regularly. The analytical methods which describe the presence of FA in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this article. High-performance liquid chromatography has been widely used analytical method in the analysis of FA, as it can reduce the cost as well as time of analysis. This review also includes the information regarding the randomised trials which investigates the clinical efficacy of fusidic acid in dermatology in comparative trials that were discovered.
Abstract The aim of the research work was to investigate the efficacy of cream loaded with lipid ... more Abstract The aim of the research work was to investigate the efficacy of cream loaded with lipid nanocarriers (ethosomes) of piperine for the management of atopic dermatitis (AD) in comparison to conventional cream. Ethosomes of piperine were formulated with varying concentration of phosphatidylcholine and ethanol; and evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE), sedimentation behaviour, vesicle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, and shape. Creams loaded with optimized ethosomal dispersion of piperine were formulated and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, ex vivo permeation and drug retention in skin layers. Similarly, conventional creams of piperine in the same concentrations were formulated and evaluated. The optimized ethosomal a conventional cream was evaluated for cytotoxicity using HaCat cell lines and in vivo on BALB/c mice model. The EE (%) and vesicle size was 74.30 ± 3.88% and 318.1 nm, respectively, for optimized ethosomal dispersion. The zeta potential was −32.6 mV and vesicles were spherical in shape. The ethosomal cream showed higher deposition in the epidermis and dermis. The creams were non-cytotoxic to HaCat cell lines. In comparison to the negative control, the ethosomal (0.1%) and conventional (0.125%) cream, both significantly decreased the ear and skin thickness, skin severity; and WBC, granulocytes, and IgE antibodies level in the BALB/c mice model. The efficacy of ethosomal cream was significantly higher than conventional cream as compared to tacrolimus (0.1%). Ethosomal cream of piperine showed good potential for the management of AD in comparison to conventional cream.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Aug 16, 2021
Direct real time analysis (DART) is the most successful tool for the analysis of the compounds. T... more Direct real time analysis (DART) is the most successful tool for the analysis of the compounds. This technique is useful for the identification, and classification of compounds. It is widely followed by the forensic chemistry, and also used for many purposes. Their main applications include inks, paints, drugs, bank dyes, explosives, beverages, and gunshot etc. The basic concepts of DART-MS were highlighted to understand the process. Also the basic fundamentals of DART-MS including special function were discussed. Various natural products were discovered by DART-MS includes plant tissue, insects, and microbe etc. The main focus of this review article is on the applications of direct real time analysis, which covers the varieties of uses in our pharmaceutical as well as chemical industries. This technique was helpful in the production of food material, and to identify the contaminants from animal sources in the part of veterinary drugs. Also, used in food processing in the form of additives, and adulterants. DART-MS has huge applications on analysis of seized drug like steroids supplements, psychoactive plants etc. Also, in inks, paint, and documents industry this technique has been widely used. So, this review covers the basic fundamentals of direct real time analysis DART-MS, and their applications.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, May 13, 2021
A rapid isocratic chromatographic procedure for the analysis of methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine ... more A rapid isocratic chromatographic procedure for the analysis of methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine sulfate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations was developed validated in the present study. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of Water: Acetonitrile: Tetrahydrofuran in the proportion of 50:40:10 and pH maintained to 3with perchloric acid. Retention time was found to be 3.0 and 3.7minutes for methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate respectively. The method was performing by using the C18 column, ODS Hypersil column with UV detection at 318nm, and flow rate of 1.0ml/min. The percentage of recovery for both drugs was found to be 99.99%. All validation parameters were within limits as per the ICH guidelines.
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Jul 29, 2021
This work aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) ethosomal cream with im... more This work aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) ethosomal cream with improved deposition in skin layers for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Ethosomes of TTO are developed using phosphatidylcholine (2% and 3% w/v) and ethanol (20%, 30%, and 40% w/v). Ethosomes are evaluated for percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), vesicle size, zeta potential, and in vitro drug diffusion. Ethosomal creams with optimized ethosomal dispersion are developed and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, thermal stability, ex vivo permeation, skin retention, and in vitro cytotoxicity using HaCat skin cell lines in comparison to conventional creams of TTO. In vivo investigations of optimized creams are performed using BALB/c mice model. The %EE, vesicle size, and zeta potential for optimized ethosomes are found to be 76.19 ± 3.26%, 333.6 nm, and –35.3 mV, respectively. Ethosomal creams showed higher deposition in the epidermis and dermis. The optimized creams are non‐cytotoxic to HaCat cell lines. The creams significantly reduce the inflammatory response by decreasing the clinical score and infiltration of white blood cells, eosinophils, and IgE antibodies. Overall efficacy of ethosomal cream is higher than conventional cream. In conclusion, optimized ethosomal cream of TTO shows good efficacy for treatment of AD.Practical applications: The method used for the formulation of ethosomes is simple and can be easily scaled up on the industrial level. The loading of TTO within ethosomes can increase the efficiency by enhanced drug deposition in the epidermis and might also improve its stability against oxidative degradation. Topical ethosomal cream of TTO can improve patient compliance by avoidance of adverse effects linked with corticosteroids and could be a possible complementary or alternative therapy in management of AD.
The aim of this text is to grasp the requirement of observance and coverage of the adverse events... more The aim of this text is to grasp the requirement of observance and coverage of the adverse events (AEs) related to vaccination throughout the post-marketing surveillance studies (PMS) and analysis of the protection, efficaciousness and adverse events of vaccination data from PMS studies. The data obtained through numerous specialists with moral pointers of medicine vaccination by knowing the severity of AEs. Literature review and survey form were key aspects for the achieving the objectives. The approval for the survey form obtained from ICRI (India). The analysis work would be helpful for the scholars UN agency area unit wanting to recognize the particular state of affairs of vaccination associated adverse events and additionally knowledgeable to induce some necessary facts regarding AEs observance in children's once vaccination. For the health professionals it'd create them tuned in to their role and responsibilities in surveillance system. Parents of such subjects were also informing the way to beware of their children's vaccination schedules and management of delicate adverse drug reaction and events. Aim and Objecive: The aim of the research is to identify the importance of monitoring and reporting of AEs associated with vaccination during the PMS studies and evaluation of the safety, efficacy and adverse events of vaccination by comparing data from PMS studies obtained through various paediatricians with ethical guidelines on paediatric in different countries across the worldwide. Methodology: Research work has been conducted after an extensive review of literature. With help of questionnaire, a survey among various paediatricians has been conducted. Then data collection on the basis of obtained by these paediatricians has been done. Analysis and compiling of obtained data is done. Results obtained with the help of statistical methods. Results: Obtained results from the questionnaires survey demonstrate that 70% of paediatricians reported vaccines available for paediatrics are essential, while remaining 30% are not in the favour of all vaccines use and only recommend vaccines according to their experience and NIS (National Immunization Schedule). 60% of paediatricians reported AEs associated with vaccination are mild, 32% reported these AEs moderate, and 8% reported these AEs are severe. Hospitalization is not recommended by any of above paediatricians. 76% of paediatricians prefer treatment for AEs at home only, while 66% are not aware of the any AEs monitoring and reporting system. Conclusion: Awareness of the AEs monitoring, reporting and management is necessary among the health professionals and parents. Awareness campaign should be conducted to report and management of AEs associated with vaccination in paediatrics. The passive system needs to be getting active so the short comings of passive system will overcome. Common case definitions and guidelines are required globally so uniformity in reporting the ADRs and AEs will be achieved.
Research journal of pharmacy and technology, Jun 26, 2023
Silver and its compounds have been used for thousands of years as antibacterial and medicinal age... more Silver and its compounds have been used for thousands of years as antibacterial and medicinal agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) subsequently received much attention due to their unusual physical, chemical, and biological properties, which are mainly caused by AgNP size, structure, composition, luster, and structure compared to their bulk species. When free radicals interact with bacteria, they can cause damage to the cell membrane, enabling it to penetrate and eventually lead to cell death. Compared to other salts, silver nanoparticles have excellent antibacterial activity due to their large surface area, allowing for high interaction with bacteria. There are many techniques for producing silver nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological processes.Physical and chemical processes for making silver nanoparticles are expensive and complicated, whereas biological approaches are easier and safer to implement. In the biological and environmental areas, metal nanoparticles with controlled particle size and surface chemistry have a broad spectrum of applications. Nanomaterials must becharacterized in addition to the manufacturing procedures to explore differences in activity based on morphological distinctions. AgNPs are widely used as antibacterial agents in the field of health, food storage, textiles, and various environmental applications.So, in this systematic review, we examined silver nanoparticle preparation methods, characterization, applications, and fundamental concepts of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Mar 4, 2022
Cannabis sativa Linn. (Cannabinaceae family) is traditional plant well known for its analgesic pr... more Cannabis sativa Linn. (Cannabinaceae family) is traditional plant well known for its analgesic property. Cannabis is an indigenous plant of Himachal Pradesh. The aim of the present study is to check the phytochemicals present in leaf, stem and roots of wildly grown cannabis plant in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The study also includes morphological and microscopical studies of leaf, stem and roots of wildly grown cannabis plant. The preliminary phytochemical screening of cannabis shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids and steroids.
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic inflammatory skin condition with increasing glob... more Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic inflammatory skin condition with increasing global prevalence, almost affecting 15% to 30% of children and 5% of adults. AD results due to a complex interaction between the impaired skin barrier function, allergens, and immunological cells. Topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors in the form of creams or ointments are the mainstay of therapy, but they have low skin penetration and skin barrier repair efficiency. Objective: The above limitations of conventional dosage forms have motivated the development of nanoformulations of drugs for improved penetration and deposition in the skin for better management of AD. Methods: Databases, such as Pubmed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, were reviewed for the investigations or reviews published related to the title. Results: The present review discusses the advantages of nanoformulations for the management of AD. Further, it also discusses the various types of topically investigated nanoformulations, i.e., polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, cubosomes, and nanoemulsion for the management of atopic dermatitis. In addition, it also discusses advancements in nanoformulations, such as nanofibres, nanosponges, micelles, and nanoformulations embedded textiles development for the management of AD. Conclusion: The nanoformulations of drugs can be a better alternative for the topical management of AD with enhanced skin penetration and deposition of drugs with reduced systemic side effects and better patient compliance.
International research journal of pharmacy, Oct 1, 2022
Fusidic acid (FA), derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum, is an antimicrobial agent that inh... more Fusidic acid (FA), derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum, is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by preventing EF-G translocation. This review will provide information regarding the properties of FA, as well as studies on its clinical efficacy in skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). FA has been used for treatment of infection caused by gram- positive microorganism. FA cream or ointment are clinically effective and shown minimum adverse reaction when used in SSTIs two or three times regularly. The analytical methods which describe the presence of FA in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this article. High-performance liquid chromatography has been widely used analytical method in the analysis of FA, as it can reduce the cost as well as time of analysis. This review also includes the information regarding the randomised trials which investigates the clinical efficacy of fusidic acid in dermatology in comparative trials that were discovered.
Abstract The aim of the research work was to investigate the efficacy of cream loaded with lipid ... more Abstract The aim of the research work was to investigate the efficacy of cream loaded with lipid nanocarriers (ethosomes) of piperine for the management of atopic dermatitis (AD) in comparison to conventional cream. Ethosomes of piperine were formulated with varying concentration of phosphatidylcholine and ethanol; and evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE), sedimentation behaviour, vesicle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, and shape. Creams loaded with optimized ethosomal dispersion of piperine were formulated and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, ex vivo permeation and drug retention in skin layers. Similarly, conventional creams of piperine in the same concentrations were formulated and evaluated. The optimized ethosomal a conventional cream was evaluated for cytotoxicity using HaCat cell lines and in vivo on BALB/c mice model. The EE (%) and vesicle size was 74.30 ± 3.88% and 318.1 nm, respectively, for optimized ethosomal dispersion. The zeta potential was −32.6 mV and vesicles were spherical in shape. The ethosomal cream showed higher deposition in the epidermis and dermis. The creams were non-cytotoxic to HaCat cell lines. In comparison to the negative control, the ethosomal (0.1%) and conventional (0.125%) cream, both significantly decreased the ear and skin thickness, skin severity; and WBC, granulocytes, and IgE antibodies level in the BALB/c mice model. The efficacy of ethosomal cream was significantly higher than conventional cream as compared to tacrolimus (0.1%). Ethosomal cream of piperine showed good potential for the management of AD in comparison to conventional cream.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Aug 16, 2021
Direct real time analysis (DART) is the most successful tool for the analysis of the compounds. T... more Direct real time analysis (DART) is the most successful tool for the analysis of the compounds. This technique is useful for the identification, and classification of compounds. It is widely followed by the forensic chemistry, and also used for many purposes. Their main applications include inks, paints, drugs, bank dyes, explosives, beverages, and gunshot etc. The basic concepts of DART-MS were highlighted to understand the process. Also the basic fundamentals of DART-MS including special function were discussed. Various natural products were discovered by DART-MS includes plant tissue, insects, and microbe etc. The main focus of this review article is on the applications of direct real time analysis, which covers the varieties of uses in our pharmaceutical as well as chemical industries. This technique was helpful in the production of food material, and to identify the contaminants from animal sources in the part of veterinary drugs. Also, used in food processing in the form of additives, and adulterants. DART-MS has huge applications on analysis of seized drug like steroids supplements, psychoactive plants etc. Also, in inks, paint, and documents industry this technique has been widely used. So, this review covers the basic fundamentals of direct real time analysis DART-MS, and their applications.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, May 13, 2021
A rapid isocratic chromatographic procedure for the analysis of methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine ... more A rapid isocratic chromatographic procedure for the analysis of methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine sulfate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations was developed validated in the present study. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of Water: Acetonitrile: Tetrahydrofuran in the proportion of 50:40:10 and pH maintained to 3with perchloric acid. Retention time was found to be 3.0 and 3.7minutes for methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate respectively. The method was performing by using the C18 column, ODS Hypersil column with UV detection at 318nm, and flow rate of 1.0ml/min. The percentage of recovery for both drugs was found to be 99.99%. All validation parameters were within limits as per the ICH guidelines.
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Jul 29, 2021
This work aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) ethosomal cream with im... more This work aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) ethosomal cream with improved deposition in skin layers for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Ethosomes of TTO are developed using phosphatidylcholine (2% and 3% w/v) and ethanol (20%, 30%, and 40% w/v). Ethosomes are evaluated for percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), vesicle size, zeta potential, and in vitro drug diffusion. Ethosomal creams with optimized ethosomal dispersion are developed and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, thermal stability, ex vivo permeation, skin retention, and in vitro cytotoxicity using HaCat skin cell lines in comparison to conventional creams of TTO. In vivo investigations of optimized creams are performed using BALB/c mice model. The %EE, vesicle size, and zeta potential for optimized ethosomes are found to be 76.19 ± 3.26%, 333.6 nm, and –35.3 mV, respectively. Ethosomal creams showed higher deposition in the epidermis and dermis. The optimized creams are non‐cytotoxic to HaCat cell lines. The creams significantly reduce the inflammatory response by decreasing the clinical score and infiltration of white blood cells, eosinophils, and IgE antibodies. Overall efficacy of ethosomal cream is higher than conventional cream. In conclusion, optimized ethosomal cream of TTO shows good efficacy for treatment of AD.Practical applications: The method used for the formulation of ethosomes is simple and can be easily scaled up on the industrial level. The loading of TTO within ethosomes can increase the efficiency by enhanced drug deposition in the epidermis and might also improve its stability against oxidative degradation. Topical ethosomal cream of TTO can improve patient compliance by avoidance of adverse effects linked with corticosteroids and could be a possible complementary or alternative therapy in management of AD.
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Papers by Mahendra Ashawat